Transcript Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System
aorta
主动脉 zhu dong mai
arteriole
小动脉 xiao dong mai
artery
动脉 dong mai
Atrioventricular bundle 房室束 fang shi shu
Atrioventricular node
房实结 fang shi jie
atrium
心房 xin fang
capillary
毛细血管 mao xi xue guan
Coronary arteries
冠状动脉 guan zhuang dong mai
Deoxygenated blood
低氧血 di yang xue
Cardiovascular System
diastole
舒张 shu zhang
endocardium
心内膜 xin nei mo
Mitral valve
二尖瓣 er jian ban
murmur
杂音 za yin
myocardium
心肌 xin ji
pacemaker
起搏点 qi bo dian
pericardium
心包 xin bao
Pulmonary artery
肺动脉 fei dong mai
Pulmonary circulation 肺循环 fei xun huan
Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary valve
肺动脉瓣 fei dong mai ban
Pulmonary vein
肺静脉 fei jing mai
pulse
脉搏 mai bo
septum
间隔 jian ge
Sinoatrial node
窦房结 dou fang jie
sphygmomanometer
血压计 xue ya ji
Systemic circulation
体循环 ti xun huan
systole
收缩 shou suo
Tricuspid valve
三尖瓣 san jian ban
Cardiovascular System
Vena cava
腔静脉 qiang jing mai
ventricle
心室 xin shi
venule
小静脉 xiao jing mai
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
arrhythmias
心律失常xin lv shi chang
Abnormal heart rhythms
Heart block
心传导阻滞xin chuang dao zu zhi
Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV
node to the atrioventricular bundle
flutter 心扑 xin pu
Rapid but regular contractions of atria or ventricles
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
fibrillation 纤维颤动 xian wei chan dong
Rapid, random, ineffectual and irregular contractions of the
heart(350 beats or more per minute)
Congenital heart disease 先天性心脏病xian tian xing xin zang b
Abnormalities in the heart at birth
Coarctation of the aorta 主动脉缩窄zhu dong mai suo zhai
Narrowing of the aorta
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭dong mai dao guan wei bi
A small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery,
which normally closes soon after birth, remain open
Septal defects 间隔缺损jian ge que sun
Small holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles
Tetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症fa luo shi si lian zheng
1.Pulmonary artery stenosis
2.ventricular septal defect
3.Shift of the aorta to the right 4.hypertrophy of the right venticle
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Congestive heart failure 充血性心衰chong xue xing xin shuai
The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
Coronary artery disease 冠心病 guan xin bing
Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
Cause: atherosclerosis 动脉(dongmai)粥(zhou)样(yang)硬化
(yinghua)
endocarditis 心内膜炎 xin nei mo yan
Inflamation[炎症(yanzheng)] of the inner lining of the heart
caused by bacteria[细菌(xijun)]
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Hypertensive heart disease
高血压性心脏病gaoxueya xing xinzangbing
High blood pressure affecting the heart
Mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂er jian ban tuo chui
Improper closure of the mitral valve (enlarges and prolapses
into the left atrium during systole)
pericarditis 心包炎 xin bao yan
Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病feng shi xing xin zang b
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever (childhood disease)
aneurysm 动脉瘤dong mai liu
Local widening of an arterial wall
Cause: atherosclerosis, hypertension, weakness of vessel wall
hypertension 高血压 gao xue ya
High blood pressure. Most is essential[原发性(yuanfaxing)] ，
with no identifiable cause
Cardiovascular System
Pathological Conditions
Peripheral vascular disease 外周血管病wai zhou xue guan bing
Blockage[阻塞(zuse)] of blood vessels outside the heart
Raynaud disease 雷诺病 lei nuo bing
Short episodes of pallor[苍白(cangbai)] and cyanosis[紫绀
(zigan)] in the fingers[手指(shouzhi)] and toes[脚趾
(jiaozhi)]
Varicose veins 静脉曲张 jing mai qu zhang
Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in
the legs[腿(tui)]
Cardiovascular System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Lipid tests 脂类检测 zhi lei
jian
ce
Measurement
of cholesterol胆固醇(dan
gu chun) and
triglycerides甘油三酯(ganyousanzhi) in a blood sample
Lipoprotein electrophoresis 脂蛋白电泳zhi dan bai dian yong
Lipoproteins (combinations of fat脂肪(zhifang) and protein
蛋白质(danbaizhi) are physically separated in a blood
sample
Examples: low-density lipoprotein(LDL)低(di)密度(midu)脂
蛋白(zhidanbai)
Serum
enzyme tests 血清酶检测xue qing mei jian ce
Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
Examples: creatine kinase(CK)肌酸激酶(jisuan jimei)
troponin-T(cTnT)肌钙蛋白T(jigaidanbai)
Cardiovascular System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Cardiac catheterization 心导管检查 xin dao guan jian cha
A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein静脉
(jingmai) or an artery动脉(dongmai)
Eletrocardiography 心电图 xin dian tu
Recording of electricity flowing through the heart
Holter monitoring 24小时心监 ershisi xiaoshi xinjian
An ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect
cardiac arrhythmias心律失常(xinlüshichang)
Cardiovascular System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Stress test 运动实验 yun dong shi yan
Exercise tolerance test determines the heart’s response to
physical exertion强(qiang)体力活动(tilihuodong) [stress应激
(yingji)]
Cardioversion(defibrillation) 电除颤 dian chu chan
Very brief discharges of electricity放电(fangdian), applied
across the chest胸部(xiongbu) to stop arrthymias
Cardiovascular System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
冠状动脉旁路搭桥Guan zhuang dong mai pang lu daqiao
Arteries and veins are anastomosed联结(lianjie) to coronary
arteries to detour around blockages阻塞(zuse)
Extracorporeal circulation 体外循环 ti wai xun huan
A heart-lung machine心肺(xinfei)机(ji) diverts blood from the
heart and lungs while the heart is being repaired
Cardiovascular System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Heart transplantation 心脏移植 xin zang yi zhi
A donor供体(gongti) heart is transferred to a recipient受体
(shouti)
Percutaneous coronary intervention
经皮冠状动脉扩张术Jingpi guanzhuangdongmai kuozhang
A balloon-tipped catheter尖头(jiantou)胶囊(jiaonang)导管
(daoguan) is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery;
stents支架(zhijia) are put in place
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: What happened to you?
P: I get a headache and feel dizzy.
医生：你有什么问题？
Ni you shen me wen ti?
病人：我头晕头痛。
Wo tou yun tou tong.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: All the time or sometimes?
P: Sometimes. But it’s more frequent recently.
医生：一直痛还是有时痛？
Yi zhi tong hai shi you shi tong?
病人：有时痛。但最近比较频繁。
You shi tong. Dan zui jin bi jiao pin fan.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Have you got a cold?
P: No.
医生：感冒了吗？
Gan mao le ma?
病人：没有。
Mei you.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Have you got any disease with your ears or eyes?
P: No, I don’t think so.
医生：你有什么耳朵或者眼睛的疾病吗？
Ni you shen me er duo huo zhe yan jing de ji bing ma?
病人：我想没有。
Wo xiang mei you.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Then are you sure that it’s not vertigo but dizziness? Do you
feel any movement of the articles surrounding?
P: Yes, I’m quite sure. It’s a dizziness.
医生：那你确定是头晕而不是眩晕吗？晕的时候有没有感到周
围事物在运动？
Na ni que ding shi tou yun er bu shi xuan yun ma? Yun
de shi hou you mei you gan dao zhou wei shi wu zai yun
dong?
病人：是的，我非常肯定就是头晕。
Shi de, wo fei chang
ken ding jiu shi tou yun.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Do you have hypertension?
P: I have no idea.
医生：有高血压吗?
You gao xue ya ma?
病人：我不知道。
Wo bu zhi dao.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Have you experienced any heart attack?
P: No, I haven’t.
医生：有没有发过心脏病？
You mei you fa guo xin zang bing?
病人：没有。Mei you.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Are there any other symptoms except that?
P: I may feel a chest stress after doing a lot of housework.
医生：除了头晕头痛，还有其他什么不舒服吗？
Chu le tou yun tou tong, hai you qi ta shen me bu shu
fu ma?
病人：有时候做多了家务活，会感到胸闷.
You shi hou zuo duo le jia wu huo, hui gan dao xiong
men.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Ok. Which floor can you get to before feeling too tired to stop
for a breath when you’re going upstairs?
P: I don’t know. My house is at the second floor and l usually turn
to elevator when I have to go upstairs.
医生：嗯，如果爬楼，爬到几楼你会觉得很累而不得不停下来喘
口气?
En, ru guo pa lou, pa dao ji lou ni hui jue de hen lei
er bu de bu ting xie lai chuan kou qi?
病人：我不知道。我房子在二楼。需要上楼的时候我都是做电梯。
Wo bu zhi dao. Wo fang zi zai er lou. Xu yao shang lou
de shi hou wo dou shi zuo dian ti.
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: It’s strongly supposed that you have got a disease called
hypertension which could cause heart disease if it’s not under
control?
P: Do you really think I’m that ill? I just feel dizzy？
医生：你很可能得了高血压，如果不控制的话，会引起心脏病。
Ni hen ke neng de le gao xue ya, ru guo bu kong zhi de
hua, hui yin qi xin zang bing.
病人：有那么严重？我只是感到头晕而已啊？
You na me yan zhong? Wo zhi shi gan dao tuo yun er yi a?
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: First, nurse will take the blood pressure twice, once today and
once tomorrow. I suggest another two examinations, including
EKG and UCG. You can finish them today.
P: Do they cost much? And what benefits do you think they will
bring me.
医生：护士会先给你量两次血压，今天明天各一次。另外我建
议你再做两项检查，心电图和超声心动图。今天就可以做完。
Hu shi hui xian gei ni liang liang ci xue ya, jin tian
ming tian ge yi ci. Ling wai wo jian yi ni zai zuo
liang xiang jian cha, xin dian tu he chao sheng xin
dong tu. Jin tian jiu ke yi zuo wan.
病人：要花很多钱吗？这些检查有用吗？。
Yao hua hen duo qian ma? Zhe xie jian cha you yong ma?
Cardiovascular System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: It’s a standard procedure to take your blood pressure twice in
two days. The EKG and UCG will find out the trouble of the
heart ?
P: Ok. But please spare some money for me. I am not a rich old
woman and I have no medical insurance.
医生：两天测两次血压是标准原则，而心电图和超声心动图能
发现心脏的毛病。
Liang tian ce liang ci xue ya shi biao zhun yuan ze, er
xin dian tu he chao sheng xin dong tu neng fa xian xin
zang de mao bing.
病人：好的，不过请你为我省些钱，我不是个有钱的老太太，
也没有医疗保险。Hao de, bu guo qing ni wei wo sheng xie
qian, wo bu shi ge you qian de lao tai tai, ye mei you