Digital Ecosystems A - LIRIS
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Transcript Digital Ecosystems A - LIRIS
UMR 5205
Digital Ecosystems
A (Rather) New Vision of IT
Lionel Brunie
National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA)
LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205
Lyon, France
http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie
Contents of the Course
Definition and Characteristics
Distributed Systems Models
Autonomic Systems
Digital Ecosystems
Cyberspace and Digital Ecosystem(s)
Use case – Emerging Applications
Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem
Security and Privacy Issues
2
Digital Ecosystem
Definition and Characteristics
3
Digital Ecosystems…
A very versatile metaphor!
IT industry, Economy, Business
SOA, Software Engineering
Networks and Information Systems
For us: Distributed Collaborative Systems
4
Basic Models of Distributed Systems
Client-Server (typically, the Web)
Peer-to-Peer (typically Bittorent and file sharing
systems)
Grid (typically, the CERN LCG)
Mobile agents
Variants → Course on large scale computing
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The New Frontier
Traditional models fail to model and implement highly
dynamic loosely supervised distributed systems
Alternative models
autonomic computing → focus on autonomy and coordination
cloud computing → re-centralize everything
pervasive/ubiquitous computing → focus on user context
Internet of Things → focus on interoperability
digital ecosystems → an holistic vision
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Autonomic Computing and Digital Ecosystems:
towards collaborative systems
Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005]
analogy with the nervous system – notion of equilibrium
observation: emerging systems and applications are dynamic
survivability of the system the system can adapt to environment
changes (incl. attacks, faults, disruptions…)
basic operation loop of an autonomic system: Monitor-Decide-
Adapt
sense
/ monitor the environment (context discovery), and analyze the
context
plan a knowledge-based adaptation of the system (decision making)
execute the change
context- and self-awareness
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Architecture of an autonomic agent
KE: Knowledge Engine
M&A: Monitoring and
Analysis
Cardinals: performance,
configuration, protection,
security
L/G: local and global
control loops
S: stable state
A: adapted state
E: execute action
From Parashar and Hariri, 2005
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Autonomic Computing and Digital Ecosystems:
towards collaborative systems
Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005] (cont’d):
characteristics/properties of a generic autonomic system
Self Configuring
Self Optimizing
Self-Healing
Self Protecting
Context Aware
Open
Anticipatory
Proactive
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Autonomic Computing and Digital Ecosystems:
towards collaborative systems
Digital
Ecosystems
(Distributed
Collaborative
Systems) [Boley et al., 2007; Damiani and his group @ Milan]
“A digital ecosystem can be defined as an open, loosely
coupled, domain clustered, demand-driven, self-organizing
agent environment, where each agent of each species is
proactive and responsive regarding its own benefit/profit but
is also responsible to its system.” (Boley and Chang, 2007)
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Autonomic Computing and Digital Ecosystems:
towards collaborative systems
Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics
Loose coupling - Personal Engagement
Equilibrium – Interdependence - Balance
Local Interactions Global Behavior
Self-organization – Autonomy - No Central or Distributed
Control
Adaptation to the Environment – Dynamicity – Evolutionary
System
Collective (Swarm) Intelligence – Structured Relationship -
Responsibility
Openness - Multiplicity of Ecosystems (cf. human social life)
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Autonomic Computing and Digital Ecosystems:
towards collaborative systems
Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics (cont’d)
Cooperation – Collective/Swarm Intelligence
cf. bees, ants, dolphins…
swarm is a set of agents that can interact and that share a common
interest
collective problem solving
Communication System Semantics
DE => need of shared explicit formal semantics (formal languages)
Link with some characteristics of the semantic Web
A new way of designing/thinking distributed systems and applications
Related to autonomic computing
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Is the “Cyberspace”
a (set of) Digital Ecosystem(s)?
(can this concept helps us
to understand our digital world?)
13
Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem
Ego-centric
focus on the user’s interactions with her/his environment(s)
personalization – context-awareness
Ubiquitous
mobility
simultaneous interactions with multiple ecosystems
Multi-scale
comprise entities (typically, services) of totally different nature, origin
and operational characteristics
from an embedded “thing” to a public cloud
integration of data, information, knowledge from all sources
huge mass of information
Digital Ecosystem
see above
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Back to the “Visions” (Part 1 of the Course)
Seamless “weaved into the fabric of everyday life”
“Graceful integration”
Transparency of the “cyber infrastructure” (“vanish
in the background”)
User-centric
Conclusion: hard to imagine in 1991 – realistic as
an objective for the next decade
15
OK, it is not a
dream
but…
Is it a nightmare ?
16
Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem:
Security and Privacy Issues
You are the hub and the source of information
(supposed to be) sensitive personal information
Data exchanges, dissemination of information between multiple ecosystems with
various security and privacy characteristics
un-alignment of security/privacy policies
sensitive information leakage
You do not control, worse do not actually know, the environment
Uncertainty
Dynamicity
Unpredictability
Absence of trust, Anonymity
Big Brother can watch you, now!
Your everyday life is seamlessly weaved into the cyberspace fabric: you are traced
The cyberspace does not forget: traces cannot be deleted
The storage and processing capacities are almost unlimited: your traces are/can be mined
See course on these issues
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Conclusion
New technologies enable / need / argue for new models, new designs
Whatever the model, some basic features
Autonomy
Collaboration
User-Centricity
Integration
Context-Awareness
Mobility
Digital ecosystems provide a holistic vision of emerging digital
environments
Some still largely open issues, esp. regarding interoperability
The cyberspace as a digital ecosystem is the Babel Tower
A fantastic, however in some way dreadful set of opportunities for new
applications
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