Transcript HERO MOD1 Ses1

Module 1
Module 1:
Foundation of health
emergency response
operation
Module 1
Module description
 This module introduces the key concepts, principles and
frameworks of emergency management system, which serves
as the foundation of health emergency response operation.
 It covers the functional and organizational elements of
Emergency Operation Center
 It discusses the organizations, significant systems (ex.
Coordination), resources and partners.
 Describes how the functional elements of emergency
management work together to produce a coherent,
appropriately scaled response
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Module Objectives
At end of this module the participants will be able to:
 Relate ERO in the overall Emergency Management Framework
 Describe Emergency Response Operation
 Discuss the elements of Emergency Operation Center
 Apply the principles of an EOC ; and
 Develop a plan to improve coordination in their own setting
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Module Content:
1.
Emergency Management Framework
2.
Health Emergency Response
3.
Emergency Operation Center and Health
Operation Center
4.
Coordination and Interoperability at different levels
Emergency
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Session 1: Emergency Management
Framework
Session Objective:
 At the end of the session, participants shall be able to describe
Emergency Management Framework and Health Emergency
Response Operation
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Q&A
Give 3 examples of the following terms:
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Hazard
Risk
Vulnerability
Emergency
Disaster
Community
Capacity
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Hazard
 Any potential threat to public safety and/or
public health
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Types of hazards
1.
2.
3.
4.
Natural hazards
 Examples: typhoons, flood, earthquake, volcanic
eruptions, tsunami, drought
Technological hazards
 Examples: fire, chemical spill, industrial
incidents, transportation accidents, radio-nuclear
incidents
Biological hazards
 Examples: disease outbreaks, Red Tide
Phenomenon, Food poisoning, etc
Societal hazards
 Examples: Rallies, war, armed conflict, Stampede
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Risk
Anticipated consequences of specific hazard interacting
with specific community (at specific time)
COMMUNITY
Hazard
(Vulnerable)
RISKS
People
Property
Services Capacity
Environment
Livelihood
Emergency
Disaster
“Risk Management”
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Vulnerabilities
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Factors which increase the risks arising from
specific hazard in specific community
Determinants of risks
COMMUNITY
Hazard
(Vulnerable)
People
Property
Services
Environment
Livelihood
RISKS
Capacity
Emergency
Disaster
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“Vulnerable Groups”
• Those who because of constraints of an economic,
social, ethnic, biological, physical or geographical nature,
are less able to cope with the impact of hazards than
other members of their community or society
• Vulnerabilities are:
– Intrinsic - specific to the individual - age, sex, health
status, mobility, literacy, habits, behaviour etc
– Extrinsic - shared by groups within a community location, environment, poverty, availability of services,
culture etc.
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Community

is a legally constituted administrative
local
government unit of a country
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Elements of the community
exposed to hazards
services
property
people
livelihoods
Community
environment
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Capacities
Hazard
 are determinants of risk
 An assessment of ability to manage an
emergency (risk modifier) – total capacity
is measured as readiness
COMMUNITY
RISKS
(Vulnerable)
People
Property
Services
Environment
Livelihood
People
Property
Services
EnvironmentCapacity
Livelihood
Emergency
Disaster
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Examples of Capacities
 Laws, policies, plans, procedures
 Trained personnel; knowledge, skills and attitudes
 Code alert systems
 Institutional arrangements
 Management structures
 Facilities, material resources
“Risk Management”
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Ten key elements of preparedness
• Legal Framework
Policies
Procedures
Guidelines
Plans
Resources
Authority
National, provincial, local, agency and
institutional level
 Knowledge
 Skills
 Awareness
Personal and
community level
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Emergency
 An actual threat to public safety and/or
public
health
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A Logical Framework of Terminology
Disaster
 Any actual threat to public safety and/or
public health where local government and
the
emergency services are unable to meet
the
immediate needs of the community
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Emergency
 An exceptional event of any magnitude that produces
damage and injury and potentially exceeds the capacity of
normal resources to cope
 Effects ranging from localized incidents with limited
consequences to wide area disasters with catastrophic
consequences
 Often referred to as incidents or events, with the terms used
interchangeably
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Emergency Management
 Comprehensive strategy of building, utilizing and restoring
capacities employed in addressing the actual threat to
public health and safety
 A discipline dealing with the assessment, reduction and
avoidance of excessive risk;
 It is sometimes referred to as disaster management
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Emergency Management
 Organization and management of resources and
responsibilities for dealing with all aspects of emergencies,
in particularly preparedness, response and rehabilitation
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Emergency Management
 It involves plans, structures and arrangements established to
engage the normal endeavors of government, voluntary and
private agencies in a comprehensive and coordinated way to
respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs.
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Exercise 1
Describe your roles as Health Emergency Manager?
Roles
Difficulties met in past response activities
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Emergency Management Framework
Disaster Impact
Response
Preparedness
Recovery
Mitigation
Prevention
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Successful Emergency Management
System
 Focus decisions and resources on priority objectives
 Support sustained, high levels of collaboration and
communication
 Provide systemic accountability mechanisms
 Designed to address a number of principles
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Emergency management systems
Principles
 Based on an all-hazard approach
 Modular, scalable or adaptable organization
 Support for joint engagement of multiple organizations in
management decisions
 Clear lines of accountability
 Clearly defined roles and responsibilities
 Clear procedures for activation, escalation, and
demobilization of emergency capacities
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Emergency management systems
Principles
 Common functional groupings and consistent terminology
 Integrated with stakeholder agencies
 Mechanisms involving all stakeholders and users of EOC in its
design, operational planning and evaluation
 Provision of capacity to manage public communications
opportunities as part of the response to emergencies
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Risk Management

is a comprehensive strategy for reducing
threats and consequences to public health and
safety of communities by:
 preventing exposure to hazards
(target = hazards)
 reducing vulnerabilities
(target group = community)
 developing response and recovery
capacities
(target group = response agencies)
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Risk Management
 In Risk Management, the primary concern is to manage the
risks.
 The manager has to identify the possible risks that can result
if a hazard interacts with a community, and efforts must be
directed towards building community capacities to manage
these risks.
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Risk Management Framework
Hazard
Vulnerable
Community
Risks
Capacity
Emergency
Disaster
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Relationship of Risk Management Terms
RISK = HAZARD x VULNERABILITY
CAPACITY
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Non-Disaster
Emergency
Hazard
Technological
Biological
Natural
Societal
+
Community
People
Property
Services
Livelihood
Environment
Local capacities can cope
Threat to
Public
Safety
Surge in demand
Local services intact
Services may or may not be
sufficient
Disaster Emergency
International, national, and
local response needed
Surge in Demand
Local services cannot function
normally
Resources damaged, destroyed,
inadequate or insufficient
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Risks and vulnerabilities are specific to
the five elements of the community
Hazard: Earthquake
Elements of the
community
1. People
Risks
Vulnerabilities
Deaths
2. Properties
Collapsed structure
3 Environment
Water pollution
Untrained staff on
BLS/ACLS
Hospital located on a
fault line
Poor waste
management
4. Services
Disrupted OR
services
Loss of income
5. Livelihood
No back up electrical
power
No alternative job
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Risk Management
Hazard
Vulnerable
Hospital
Environment
Natural
Technological
Biological
Societal
Poor Access to
safe water
Poor Access to
sanitation
Emergency
Disaster
Risks
Environment
Diarrhea
outbreak
Death
(ERO)
Capacity
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Risks Assessment Process
Prepares
hazard
profiles
Maps the
distribution
of those
hazards
Identifies the
elements of
the
community
exposed to
those
hazards
Predicts the
consequences
of a hazard
interacting
with that
community at
a certain time
(e.g. in a
certain
season)
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Risks Assessment Process
Analyses each of
the 5 elements of
community in
terms of that
hazard to identify
the factors which
will lead to each
consequence i.e.
determines the
vulnerabilities of
each element
Assesses risk
reduction capacities
within communities
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Risks Management Process
Risk
assessme
nt and
analysis
Hospital Emergency Awareness
and Response Training ‘09
Risk
communi
cation
Risk
reduction
“Risk Management”
Risk
monitorin
g
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Risks Reduction
The purpose of a risks analysis is to guide communities in
planning for community risks reduction activities
(protecting health and safety) by developing and
maintaining 3 sets of plans:
Hazard Reduction Plans (reduce
exposure)
Vulnerability Reduction Plans (reduce
consequences)
Emergency Preparedness Plans (increase
capacity for response and recovery)
“Risk Management”
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Emergency Response Operation
 Measures undertaken in responding to emergencies
 Includes operationalization of appropriate systems and
procedures emergencies
 Emergency Response Operation involves
 responsibilities
 management structures
 resource and information management
 SOPs
 ERO focus on protecting life, property, essential services
delivery and the environment
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Exercise
In the first week of operations for emergency
response, what are the priority activities you have to
organize as a health emergency manager?
Activities/Areas of Work
Requirements to undertake activity
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Synthesis of the Session:
 Demonstration and Return Demonstration of the seven terms
of Risk Management.
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“All disasters are
emergencies but not all
emergencies are disasters”
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Session 1: Emergency Management
Framework
Session Objective:
 At the end of the session, participants shall be able to describe
Emergency Management Framework and Health Emergency
Response Operation
Module 1
THANK YOU!