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International Joint Research Center
for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics:
Meeting the 21st
Century Technical Challenges
P.N.Prasad
“Lighting the Way to Nano-Technology through Innovation”
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Niagara Falls
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics

Multidisciplinary Frontier Research in Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics

Extensive Research Facility ($26 million)

Education and Training Funded by NSF

Industrial Collaboration : Co-development, Industrial training, advanced testing

Technology Transfer : 7 spin off companies (LPT, ACIS, Hybrid Technologies, NanoBiotix,
Nanoaxis, Hangzhou Mingyue Laser Optoelectronics Co and Solexant Inc.)

Discussion with RUSNANO on a joint venture Nanobiotech company in Russia

International collaboration : Joint research, Student exchange, Joint workshop
Multifunctional
Nanomaterials
Energy
Metamaterials
Nanotechnology
at ILPB
Health care
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Nanoassebles and
nano/microfabrication
Chem/Bio technology
Information technology
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
ILPB Nanotechnology Network
Collaboration Visits (2008-2009)
2008
January 2008: Brazil
February 2008: Qatar, India
May 2008: China
September 2008: Romania
October 2008: Philippines
November 2008: China, Korea
December 2008: Russia
ILPB Nanotechnology Network
Collaboration Visits (2008-2009)
2008
January 2008: Brazil
February 2008: Qatar, India
May 2008: China
September 2008: Romania
2009
October 2008: Philippines
November 2008: China, Korea
December 2008: Russia
February 2009: Dubai
August 2009: Ireland
March 2009: Malta, Germany August 2009: Brazil
September 2009: China, Korea
May 2009: China
September 2009: Chile
July 2009: Italy, Russia
Energy
Health Care
Impact of Nanotechnology:
Subject of Global Priorities
Chemical
And
Biodefense
Information
Technology
Environment
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
US: 1.821 B$
Korea: 0.350 B$
India: 0.050 B$
A GLOBAL PRIORITY
Russia: 1.076 B$
EU: 2.440 B$
Global Government
Funding in 2008:
7.849 B$
China: 0.510 B$
Japan: 1.128 B$
Rest
of World:
0.510 B$
http://www.cientifica.eu/images/Whitepapers/nor-sample.pdf
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
NANOPHOTONICS
Nanoscale Optical Interactions and Excitation Dynamics:
Manipulation and Manifestations
 Size Dependent Optical Transitions
 Novel Optical Resonances
 Nano-control of Excitations Dynamics
 Manipulation of Light Propagation
 Nanoscopic Field Enhancement
Technologies for global priorities:
Solar Energy,
Information Technology,
Environmental Monitoring,
Healthcare
NANOPHOTONICS FROM MEDIEVAL AGES
(Stained Glass Window in Notre Dame de Paris: Rose Window)
Metallic nanoparticle doped glasses
NANOPHOTONICS:
A Dream or Reality?
Nanophotonics in the Marketplace
* Nanoparticle u.v. absorber in sunscreen lotions:
- TiO2, ZnO
* Semiconductor Lasers (Laser pointers, Laser printers, DVD players)
- Quantum well lasers
* Solid State Lasers for Chemical Sensing
- Quantum cascade lasers
* Nanoplasmonic Home-pregnancy kit
NANOPHOTONICS
3 nm
7 nm
QDs: Size-dependent
absorption/emission
Dendrimers: Control of
excitation dynamics
Photonic crystals:
Manipulation of light propagation
Plasmonic arrays:
Field enhancement,
Novel optical resonances
Nanotrapping:
Subwavelength control
of field gradients
Portable Renewable Energy Device
Thermoelectrics
Solar Energy
Abundant energy
source
only available during
day
Waste heat
High Z nanostructured
thin films
Advanced Storage
Electricity
Electricity
• Nanomaterials:
High performance battery and
supercapacitor systems
Colloidal quantum dots, High dielectric oxides, core-shell
semiconductors, nanostructured electrodes, nanowires and
conductive polymers all contribute to efficiency of PV,
thermoelectric, battery, and capacitor subsystems.
Nanomaterials enable appropriate structures and geometries to
achieve maximum results.
Nanotechnology for Efficient Harvesting of Solar Energy
Current technologies need improvement in:
• IR conversion
• UV conversion
Nanophotonics solution:
3 nm
Photon Harvesting
by IR absorbing QDs
7 nm
QD with
tunable
absorption
Enhanced charge collection
by high mobility organics
Facilitated Charge separation
By conjugation to SWNT
Quantum dots
for harvesting
IR photons
Cho, Prasad et al.,Adv. Mater. 19, 232 (2007)
ħωc
Hot
Exciton
Biexciton
[Electrons/ Photons]
Carrier multiplication
by UV absorption in
quantum dots
Normalized Carrier Extraction
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2.6
S.J. Kim, P.N.Prasad et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 031107 (2008)
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Sample #0510073_3
Absorption Peak: 1670nm
Applied Bias: 3V
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Photon Energy/Eg
4.0
4.2
Light Harvesting by Nature
Vision
Photosynthesis
in plants
Vitamin D
Photosynthesis
Harnessing Light for Therapy
Photodynamic Therapy
Historical Milestones
|
1000 BC
India, China and
Egypt use
light to treat skin
disease
|
400 BC
Greeks use
Heliotherapy
(whole body light
exposure)
|| |
1900
Hematoporphyrin
discovered
|
|
1975
RPCI reports
first
cancer cure
using PDT
1980-1985
Laser
technology
advances
PDT
|
1993
Photofrin licensed as
first photosensitizer
for
Basal cell cancer
Current Technologies in
Harnessing Light for Healthcare Diagnostics
Absorption
Spectrometer
Digital Finger
Pulse Oximeter
Light
Negative
Pregnancy Test
Flow Cytometry
Positive
UB-ILPB Biophotonics Research Program
Biosensors
Bioimaging
Laser Tissue
Engineering
Harnessing Light
for Healthcare:
Biophotonics
Optical Diagnostics
Laser Tweezers
and Scissors
Optical Activation and
Monitoring of
Therapy
Unique properties
at nanoscale
Multimodality/
Multiplexibility
NANOTECHNOLOGY:
Impact on Health Care
Targeted delivery
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Controlled
release
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Nanomedicine – New Era in Personalized Medicine
In Vivo
Diagnostics
In Vitro
Diagnostics
NANOMEDICINE
Applications
Nanotherapeutics
Theranostics:
‘see and treat’
drug/gene delivery
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Obesity
Aging
Genetic
Disorders
Current and Future
Health Care
Challenges
Cancer
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Infectious
Diseases
Addictions
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
TORCH*
Infections
HIV, HPV,
Hepatitis B
Malaria
Nanotechnologybased In Vitro
Diagnostics
Meningitis
Tuberculosis
Influenza
(Swine Flu)
Our approach: Quantum Dot Nanoprobes for protein detection using
microbead capture with flow cytometry
*TORCH: Toxoplasmosis, Other agents (eg. Chicken pox, human parvovirus), Rubella,
Cytomegaloviruse, Herpes simplex virus or HIV
Collaboration with Center for Disease Control, Atlanta
MRI
Gd-doped Nanophosphor
Optical
In-Vivo Diagnostics
Multimodal Nanoplatforms
for
Medical Imaging
SPECT/CT
125I
labeled-ORMOSIL
Gd-doped Nanophosphor
PET
124I
labeled-ORMOSIL
M. Nyk, P.N.Prasad et al, Nano Letters, 2008, 8(11):3834; R. Kumar, P.N.Prasad et al. Avd. Func. Mater. (In Press, 2008)
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Chemotherapy
Gene Therapy
Pancreatic, Prostate cancer
Head & Neck, Lung cancer
Magnetic therapy
Breast & Oral cancer
Y
Y
lysine
Gold Nanorod
Nanoclinic
With Uttam Sinha, M.D.
Univ. of Southern California
With Anirban Maitra, M.D
Johns Hopkins Univ. Medicine
US patent No. 6,514,481
Cancer nanotechnology
Targeted delivery ● Controlled release ● Multimodal therapy ● Real time monitoring
Photodynamic therapy
Cervical, skin cancer
O
O Si
O
O
O Si
O
I
Neutron capture therapy
Brain, prostate cancer
I
PS
I
NaYF4:
Tm/Gd
O Si O
ORMOSIL nanoparticle
With Ravi K Pandey, Ph.D.
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
With McMaster Univ.
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Huntingtons Disease
Generation of mouse model
using gene insertion
Chronic Pain
Gene silencing of neuron
signaling pathways involved
in chronic pain
Lung Injury
Increase gene expression after
injury to prevent secondary
bacteria infection
Gene Therapy
using ORMOSIL
and GNR
Nanoparticles
Obesity
Asthma
Modulation of energy
intake using gene silencing
Gene silencing of
enzymes causing lung
remodeling
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Drug Addiction
Gene silencing of signaling
cascade involved in
addiction process
Infectious Disease
Gene silencing to modulate
primary influenza infection
and secondary bacteria
pneumonia
Stroke
Stimulation of neuron
repair/replacement
(neurogenesis) using gene
upregulation
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Gene delivery using nanoparticles
•Electrostatic gene condensation
•Efficient cellular entry
•Non-toxicity
•High gene expression/silencing
Gene Augmentation e.g. CFTR gene in Cystic Fibrosis
Nanoplex
Gene Silencing e.g. Oncogene in Cancer
Nanoplex
Nanoplex
Protein
Protein
Endosome
Endosome
Nucleus
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Nucleus
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Communication:
•
•
Reconfigurable Photonic
Crystals
3D Plasmonic Guiding and Routing
Network
Processing:
• Electro-optic Processing Using
Supramolecular Structures
and Nanocomposites
• Electrically and Optically Switchable
Photonic Crystals
Nanotechnology
For
Information
Storage:
• 3D Two-Photon Storage
• Holographic Storage
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Displays
(Organic Displays:
OLED, PLED)
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Rapid in-field and remote
monitoring
Nanostructured sensor
and device platforms
Nanotechnology
for
Environment
Nanoparticle based
capture platform
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Nanoporous membrane
technology for
decontamination
and purification
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Rapid in-field and remote detection
Nanostructured
sensor platforms
Rapid dissemination
of information
Nanotechnology
for
Chem/Bio Defense
Nanostructured capture and
detoxification platform
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Nanomedicine based
rapid medical response
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Nanotechnology
•
A new Multidisciplinary Scientific Research
Frontier
•
Ripe for Technological Innovation and
Commercial Opportunities
•
Destined to create Immense Societal Impact
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
www.photonics.buffalo.edu
Acknowledgements
Prof. A.Cartwright
Dr. K.Tramposch
Dr. E.J. Bergey
Dr. G.S.He
Dr. H. Pudavar
Dr. K.T. Yong
Dr. T. Ohulchanskyy
Dr. I. Roy
Dr. S. Kim
Mr. J. Qian
Dr. H. Ding
Dr. A. Kachynski
Dr. A. Kuzmin
Dr. A. Pliss
Dr. A. Bonoiu
Dr. D. Bharali
Dr. R.Kumar
Dr. S. Mahajan
Dr. J.W. Seo
Mr. S.J. Kim
Mr. S.S. Kim
The Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics
Outside Collaborators
Prof. R. Pandey
Prof. A. Oseroff
Prof. M. Stachowiak
Prof. K.S. Lee
Prof. M. Samoc
Prof. P. Knight
Dr. P. Wallace
Dr. A. Maitra
Dr. S. Schwartz
Dr. U. Sinha
Dr. R. Masood
AFSOR (Dr. Charles Lee)
National Cancer Institute
National Science Foundation
AFRL (Dr. Augustine Urbas)
OISHEI FOUNDATION
www.photonics.buffalo.edu