Transcript Anatomy - Carolina Raptor Center
Anatomy – Radiographic and otherwise…
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Lesson Goals Avian-specific anatomy Judge a radiograph for proper positioning and quality Identify boney structures Identify soft tissue structures Recognize common abnormalities Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Feathers Remiges – wing feathers 10 primaries numbered 1 to 10
from the wrist
originate from the metacarpal and digit bones 10+ secondaries (variable) numbered 1 to 10
from the wrist
originate from the dorsal ulna periosteum Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Feathers <- Primaries Secondaries-> 10 3 1 1 4 Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Feathers Retrices – tail feathers 6 pairs numbered from the center Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Feathers Development In blood – very fragile Preening required for proper growth Bandages can inhibit growth Protect the feathers!
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Patagium 4 3 1 2 pp – propatagium lp – ligamentum propatagialis h – humerus u - ulna Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Talons 1 Digits are numbered 1 to 4 starting from the hallux and going medially 2 Digits 1 and 2 are the most important 4 3 Talons are a thin layer of keratin over a boney core\phalange Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Beak Talons are a thin layer of keratin over a boney core\phalange Beak is a thin layer of keratin over a boney core Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
GI tract Hawks have a crop. Owls do not Two-part stomach Proventriculus Ventriculus – grinding stomach but not so much in raptors.
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Respiratory tract Trachea Complete rings – do not use cuffed ET tube.
No diaphragm Must move keel to breath. Do not hold to tightly.
Syrinx Common place for obstructions Source of voice Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Respiratory tract Air sacs Cervicocephalic infraorbital sinus – under eye Cranial cervical, clavicular, cranial thoracic Caudal caudal thoracic, abdominal Extend into femur, humerus, vertebrae They allow for easy endoscopic examination Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Respiratory tract Birds exchange O2 much more efficient.
Two cycles required for air to enter and leave.
Fresh air is always entering the lungs (on inspiration and exhalation) Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Eyes Shape AP flattened – parrots, pigeons Conical – hawks Tubular – owls Scleral ossicles No extra-occular muscles Lower lid is more mobile Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Eyes Iris contains striated muscle Complete deccussation of nerve fibers Retina Avascular No tapeturm lucidum Pectin Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Proper positioning - VD Keel should overlay the spine Legs should be pulled downward so that the elbows and stifles do not overlap Wings pulled out symmetrically Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Proper positioning - lateral Acetabullae should overlap Coracoids should overlap Wings pulled back ( requires anesthesia) Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Positioning Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Positioning Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Positioning Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Shoulder joint
Complex joint with many bones
Humerus Pectoral crest Ventral tubercle Head of humerus Coracoid Scapula Clavicle Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Proximal wing Humerus Distal condyles Ulna Olecranon Secondary feather attachements Notice the curve Radius Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Distal wing Ulna Radius Radial carpal bone Ulnar carpal bone Alula (D1) Major metacarpal Minor metacarpal Phalanges of D2 Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Pelvis Synsacrum Pelvis Illium Ischium Pubis Acetabullum Femur Head and neck Pygostyle Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Proximal leg Femoral condyles Patella and groove Tibiotarsus (not tibia) Fibula Tibiotarsal condyles Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Distal leg Tibiotarsal condyles Tarsometatasus Hallux (1) Metatarsal 1 Digits 2-4 Phalanges Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Soft tissue structures - VD Heart Liver “Hour-glass” Lungs Air sacs Intestines Ventriculus Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Heart liver “Hour glass” Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Soft tissue structures - lateral Lung Heart Liver Spleen Proventriculus Ventriculus Kidney Acetabullae should overlap Coracoids should overlap Wings pulled back ( requires anesthesia) Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
What do you see?
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What do you see?
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Compared these two
What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
Pre-op 2 weeks later Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Fracture healing 6 weeks later Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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What do you see?
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And finally… Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
References Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute
Questions?
Dave Scott, DVM Carolina Raptor Center
P.O. Box 16443 Charlotte, NC 28297 704-875-6521 Medical Environmental Research Learning INstitute