Academic Impact

: What it means and how to calculate it

Prof. Neal Ashkanasy 1

About the Presenter

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Associate Editor, Academy of Management

Review (2011-2014)

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Published by the Academy of Management

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2012 2-year Impact Factor = 7.895

#1 Journal in Management

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Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Organizational

Behavior (2007-2014)

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Published by Wiley-Blackwell

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First published in 1981 2012 2-year Impact Factor = 3.626

Top 5, Applied Psychology

Associate Editor, Emotion Review

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Published by Sage on behalf of the International Society for Research on Emotions 2012 2-year Impact Factor = 1.894

First published 2009

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Book Series Editor, Research on Emotion in Organizations

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Published by Emerald, JAI Press Imprint

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First published in 2005

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Editorial boards (selection)

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Academy of Management Journal (1996-2007)

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Journal of Applied Psychology

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Academy of Management Learning &

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Education Journal of Management Personality & Individual Differences

https://www.business.uq.edu.au/staff/details/neal-ashkanasy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Ashkanasy

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Outline

• • • • •

Citation Indices Meaning of citations Boosting your citations Journal Impact factors Concluding Comments

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Citation Indexing

• Developed in its modern form by Eugene Garfield of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) – Now published by Thomson Reuters Scientific • The Web of Science (Thomson Reuter Scientific) – Sciences Citation Index (SCI) –

Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI)

– Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) – – Conference Proceeding Citation Index Book Citation Index (New) – Select “All Databases” (broadest) • Click the little orange down arrow next to “Web of Science Core Collection” to see the full menu (see next slide).

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WoS Start Page

Click to see menu, including “All databases” Click to see menu, including “Cited Reference Search”

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Alternatives to WoS

• SCOPUS – Elsevier – Broader then SSCI – New: SCOPUS “Journal Analyzer” • Research Gate • Academia • Google Scholar – See http://www.harzing.com

– “Publish or Perish” – Calculates ‘h’ and ‘g’ citation indices • Authors • Journals – Quick and easy to use

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h- and g-indices

• • • Citations per publication Hirsch’s “h-index” – h = no. publications with at least h citations – e.g., h = 6 if six publications have been cited 6 or more times Egghe’s “g-index” – g = no. publications whose combined citation count is at least g 2 (or average citations for the top g pubs ≥ g) – e.g., g = 6 if the average no of citations for the top 6 publications is at least 6.

– Gives more weight to highly cited articles than h.

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Meaning of Citations

• •

Article is cited in WoS-Indexed journals

– Citations in other journals and books do not count – But citations to non-WoS-Indexed journal articles, book chapters, and books are counted

WoS is three databases!

– (Source) “Search” – “Cited Reference Search” • Click the little blue down arrow next to “Basic Search” (see Slide 5) – “Secret” data based used to calculate IF’s.

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Why are articles cited?

• • • • Genuine contribution to the literature – Ideas cited more than data – Books cited more than journal articles (??!!) Handy references – Review articles (e.g., AMR, JoM) – Snapshots (e.g., J. J. Ray in the 1980’s) ‘Bad’ citations?

Fashion – Harzing’s study of mis-citations • Harzing, A. W. 2002. Are our referencing errors undermining our scholarship and credibility? The case of expatriate failure rates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23: 127-148.

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Boosting Your Citations

• • • • • • Publish in the top-tier journals Write quality articles that attract attention and interest Advertise Self-cite (!!??) Contact Thomson Reuters re. errors Make publications available in the public domain – See SHERPA RoMEO database – http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php

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Journal Impact Factor

• • • • Calculated as N citations in year y to articles published in y-1 and y-2 divided by N “citable” articles published in y-1 and y-”2.

E.g. 2013 impact factor = Number of citations in 2013 to articles published in 2011 and 2012, divided by the number of “citable” articles published in 2011 and 2012.

“Citable” articles = “Articles”, “Reviews”, and ( more recently) “Conference Proceedings”.

E.g., AMR 2013 Impact Factor calculated as … – Total citations in 2013 to articles published in 2011 and 2012 = 469 • Cites in 2013 to articles published in 2011 = 315; in 2012 = 154 – Total citable articles published in 2011 and 2012 = 60 • Number of citable articles published in 2011 = 30; in 2012 = 30 –

AMR’s 2013 Impact Factor = 469/60 = 7.817

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5-Year Indices

• • • WoS recently introduced 5-year indices, more applicable to the social sciences where the review process is typically 18-30 months rather than 6-12 months typical in the sciences 5-Year Impact Factor – Same as 2-year, but calculated over 5 years Article Influence Score – Takes account of the quality of the citing journals

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2013 Management Journals Ranked by 5-Year Impact Factor

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 17 18 19 20 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Title ACAD MANAG ANN ACAD MANAGE REV ACAD MANAGE J MIS QUART J MANAGE J OPER MANAG ADMIN SCI QUART J APPL PSYCHOL STRATEGIC MANAGE J PERS PSYCHOL ORGAN RES METHODS J INT BUS STUD ORGAN SCI J MANAGE STUD J SUPPLY CHAIN MANAG J INF TECHNOL RES ORGAN BEHAV J ORGAN BEHAV INT J MANAG REV LONG RANGE PLANN No. cites 778 17707 19426 8705 9110 5596 11897 22440 17225 4560 2727 6676 10499 5473 1072 1282 2236 5999 1066 1588 2-Year IF 7.333

7.817

4.974

5.405

6.862

4.478

2.394

4.367

2.993

4.54

3.525

3.594

3.807

3.277

3.717

3.789

1.25

3.262

2.673

2.111

5-Year IF 10.154

9.698

8.443

8.157

8.027

7.718

7.057

6.952

5.929

5.845

5.713

5.534

5.512

5.196

4.946

4.917

4.87

4.734

4.468

4.365

Immediacy 0.6

1.414

0.541

1.103

0.657

0.525

0.471

0.471

0.419

0.464

0.308

0.87

0.319

0.824

0.621

0.476

0 0.551

0.52

0.591

15 29 74 58 70 40 17 7 69 25 22 70 86 28 26 46 94 51 29 21 Half-life 4.4

>10.0 >10.0 >10.0 >10.0 8.3

>10.0 >10.0 >10.0 >10.0 7.9

9.8

>10.0 8.6

5.8

6.4

>10.0 >10.0 6.1

>10.0 Eigen 0.00713

0.01441

0.02533

0.01039

0.01798

0.00697

0.00784

0.02853

0.0188

0.00746

0.00825

0.01136

0.02303

0.01174

0.002

0.00376

0.00272

0.01003

0.003

0.00291

Influence 6.56

5.317

5.239

2.785

4.134

2.062

5.386

3.538

3.087

3.459

2.954

1.991

3.595

2.294

1.078

1.872

3.538

2.126

1.615

1.382

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Closing Comments

• • Citations count more than ever as an index of impact Already the primary criterion in the sciences – Already a key criterion in the social sciences – Now becoming a key criterion in the organization sciences

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Thank You!

[email protected]

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