Transcript Sample Presentation - National Democratic Institute

WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY
Gender, Women and Politics
The National Democratic Institute
INTRODUCTIONS/
GROUND RULES
• Introductions
• Ground Rules
• Ice Breaker Exercise
Photo: Sanja Gjenero for rgbstock.com
WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY
OBJECTIVES
• Increase awareness of international
instruments related to women, peace
and security
• Understand why women must be
involved in peace processes
• Consider how women can engage
WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY
TOPICS
• Why women must be involved
• Statistics
• UNSCR 1325/associated
resolutions
• Global indicators
• Programming and comparative
examples
KEY TERMS
• Conflict
• DDR
• Gender-based
violence
• Mediation
• Negotiation
• Peace
• Peace building
• Peace keeping
Peace making
Peace operations
Security
Sexual violence
Truth and
reconciliation
commission
• Other terms?
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EXERCISE: WHY WOMEN?
• Why should women be involved in
peace processes and security
operations?
Photo: Ab Aziz, NDI
WHY WOMEN?
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Committed to peace building
Unique perspective
Inclusive/consensus-based leadership
Work across divides
Access and influence
WHY WOMEN?
• Suffer disproportionately
• Peace agreements have a better chance
of success
• Transforming power relations
• Seat at the table
Photo: Michael Angelo, Wonderland
WHY WOMEN?
“The systematic exclusion of women
from the negotiation of peace
agreements and implementing bodies is
one of the key reasons why so many of
these agreements ultimately fail and
countries return to conflict.”
~ Don Steinberg, USAID
Photo: USAID
EXERCISE:
ANGOLA CASE STUDY
• Gender neutral?
• “Nothing about us without us”
Photo: J.F. Housel, CARE
Map: www.graphicmaps.com
FACTS: WOMEN IN PEACE
PROCESSES
• In 24 major peace processes, women
were:
– 8% of negotiators
– 3% of mediators
– 2.5% of signatories
• No women have been appointed lead
mediators in UN peace talks
FACTS: SEXUAL VIOLENCE
• Rwandan genocide: 250,000 –
500,000 raped
• Bosnian war: 20,000 – 50,000 raped
• Sierra Leone: 50,000 – 64,000 sexually
attacked
• DRC: More than 200,000 raped
Photo: Amel Emric, AP
FACTS: SEXUAL VIOLENCE
• Out of 300 peace agreements over 20
years,18 addressed sexual violence
“In no other area is our collective failure
to ensure effective protection for
civilians more apparent…” Ban Ki-Moon
FACTS: CITIZEN SECURITY
• Civilians vast majority of victims
• Women and girls targeted as war tactic
“It is now more dangerous to be a woman
than to be a soldier in modern
conflict.” — Patrick Cammaert
Photo: Paula Bronstein/Getty Images AsiaPac
FACTS: WOMEN COMBATANTS
• “Uniformed” armies
• “Irregular” armies
• Child soldiers: 40% are girls
Photo: Saurabh Das, AP
FACTS: TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION
COMMISSIONS
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Women as witnesses – not victims
Focus on violations in public sphere
Women’s experiences ignored
“Gender neutral” approach
Photo: Iris Films
CEDAW
• Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women
• International bill of rights for women
• Defines discrimination
• Establishes legal standards for gender
equality
• Legally binding
• National reports
CEDAW
State parties required to:
• Incorporate gender equality and nondiscrimination in laws
• Establish institutional protections
• Advance gender equality
• Eliminate discrimination by private
persons and organizations
UNSCR 1325
• First United Nations
Security Council
resolution (UNSCR) to
link women to peace
and security agenda
• Adopted unanimously
in 2000
Photo: www.peacewomen.org
• Recognizes that women are
disproportionately affected
UNSCR 1325
The participation of women in:
• national, regional and international
institutions
• conflict prevention, management and
resolution mechanisms
• peace negotiations
• peace operations
• as Special Representatives
UNSCR 1325
The protection of women and girls from
sexual and gender-based violence
• in emergency and humanitarian
situations
• through training of peace operations
personnel on the rights of women and
girls and protection measures
Photo: Theresa Donnelly, U.S. Pacific Command Public Affairs
UNSCR 1325
The prevention of violence by:
• prosecuting violators
• respecting civilian and humanitarian
nature of refugee camps
• excluding sexual violence crimes from
amnesty
• strengthening women’s rights under
national law
• supporting women’s peace initiatives
UNSCR 1325
The mainstreaming of gender
perspectives by:
•appointing Gender
Advisors
•considering the needs
of women and girls in
policy development
•incorporating women’s
organizations
Photo: NDI
SUBSEQUENT RESOLUTIONS
• 1820 (2008) recognizes conflict-related
sexual violence
• 1888 (2009) strengthens implementation
of 1820
Photo: peacewomen.org
SUBSEQUENT RESOLUTIONS
• 1889 (2009) addresses obstacles to
women’s participation in peace
processes and peace building
• 1960 (2010) provides accountability for
implementation of1820 and 1888
Photo: Eskinder Debebe, UN
UNSCR 1325 AND CEDAW:
DIFFERENCES
• CEDAW
– addresses women’s needs from
human rights perspective
– provides entry points, specific steps
• 1325
– provides political framework
– does not provide detailed guidance
GLOBAL INDICATORS
• Indicators are signposts of change
• 26 indicators around 4 pillars:
 Prevention
 Participation
 Protection
 Relief and recovery
PILLAR 1: PREVENTION
• Incident of sexual violence
• Extent to which missions include info on
violations in reports
a) Number of violations that are reported,
referred and investigated
b) Number of women in national human
rights bodies
• Percentage of cases of exploitation and
abuse by peacekeepers and humanitarian
workers that are referred, investigated and
acted upon
PILLAR 2: PARTICIPATION
•
Peace agreements with provisions to
improve the security/status of women
•
Number and percentage of women in senior
UN decision-making positions
•
Level of gender expertise in UN decisionmaking
•
Level of participation
of women in peace
negotiations
Photo: Andi Gitow, UN
PILLAR 3: PROTECTION
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Index of women’s and girls’ physical security
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Extent to which national laws protect
women’s and girls’ human rights
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Level of women’s participation in justice and
security sectors
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Existence of national mechanisms for control
of arms and weapons
•
Percentage of women in economic recovery
programs
PILLAR 4: RELIEF AND RECOVERY
•
Maternal mortality
•
Primary and secondary education enrolment
rates
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Extent to which strategic planning
incorporates gender analysis, targets,
indicators and budgets
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Proportion of funding to CSOs spent on
gender issues
Photo: Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
OPPORTUNITIES FOR
ENGAGEMENT
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National action plans
Shadow reports
Awareness building
Consultations
Workshops
Training negotiators
Photo: NDI
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN (NAP)
Why create a NAP?
• Articulate priorities
• Coordinate across government
• Raise awareness
• Promote accountability
• Basis for monitoring and evaluation
HOW TO DEVELOP A NAP
1) Build political will
2) Get organized
3) Conduct an
assessment
4) Hold consultations
5) Draft NAP
6) Input on draft
7) Finalize and publicize
NAP CONTENTS
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Introduction and rationale
Long- and short-term objectives
Specific initiatives
Timeframe
Monitoring and evaluation
Budget
EXERCISE: REVIEWING A NAP
SHADOW REPORTS
• 4-year reporting cycle
• NGOs submit “shadow
reports”
• Attend committee
meetings
• Participate in
consultations
• Promote accountability
BUILD AWARENESS
• Use existing resources and networks to
educate women about their rights
• Translate 1325 into local languages
• Increase awareness among illiterate
women
BUILD AWARENESS
• Use media
– Radio broadcasts
– Social media: Facebook, Twitter,
YouTube
• Engage in internet advocacy
• Tap into existing internet resources
such as www.peacewomen.org
CONSULTATIONS
• Identify issues and flag gaps between
policy and practice
• Don’t forget men!
• Communicate recommendations
WORKSHOPS
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Bring together stakeholders
Identify common goals
Assign responsibility for tasks
Determine next steps
Photo: NDI
TRAINING NEGOTIATORS
• Train women to increase pool of
qualified negotiators
• Training on mainstreaming gender
Photo: Rocio Alvarez, NDI
INCREASING PARTICIPATION IN
PEACE PROCESSES
• Establish advisory group or appoint
dedicated gender adviser
• Create opportunities for CSOs to
dialogue with decision makers
• Guarantee equitable funding
• Offer negotiating teams extra seats for
women
INCREASING PARTICIPATION IN
GOVERNMENT
• Demand women’s inclusion in
transitional institutions
• Support constitutional provisions that
guarantee women’s participation
• Establish election mechanisms that
advance women’s representation
• Support electoral systems that require
voters to select male and female
candidates
EXAMPLES: WOMEN, PEACE
AND SECURITY
• Pre-negotiation: Afghanistan
• Negotiations: Liberia
• Post-negotiations: Fiji
Photo: NDI
WOMEN, PEACE AND
SECURITY REVIEW
• Need for women’s participation clear
• Women remain marginalized
• International instruments promote
inclusion
• Issues with implementation
• Opportunities for engagement
• Success stories