Africa Review

STUDY YOUR MAPS!

• Egypt • Nigeria • Kenya • Sudan • South Sudan • DRC • Mediterranean Sea Lake Victoria Lake Tanganiyka Nile River Congo River Niger River Indian Ocean Red Sea

Which is separated from the coast by the Atlas Mountains?

• The Sahel • The Sahara Desert • The Kalahari Desert • The equatorial rain forest

Which best describes the Sahara Desert?

• Perfectly flat and sandy • The largest desert in the world • Impossible for people to go across • Located only in the northwest coast of Africa

Where is the African Sahel located?

• Just south of the Sahara • Along the Mediterranean Coast • Along the eastern edge by the Indian Ocean • In the southern most part of the African continent.

What is causing the Sahel to expand in recent years?

• Damming rivers and preventing irrigation • Several years of heavy rains and flooding • Over-grazing and cutting trees for fuel • Government programs have moved too many people into the area

Which describes the savanna region?

• Desert • Grassland • Coastal plain • High mountain ranges

Where is the largest area of African savanna?

• Along the Mediterranean coast • Along the edge of the Sahara Desert • In the extreme north of the continent • In the center of the continent along the equator

Which is the biggest threat to the African rainforests today?

• Overpopulation • War and political unrest • Extended periods of drought • Pollution from nuclear power plants

Where is the Kalahari Desert located?

• Along the equator • In southern Africa • Across Egypt and Sudan • North of the Sahara Desert

Which is the longest river in Africa?

• Nile River • Niger River • Congo River • Amazon River

Congo River is to Atlantic Ocean as Nile River is to: • Red Sea • Indian Ocean • Atlantic Ocean • Mediterranean Sea

Which is the largest lake in Africa?

• Lake Chad • Lake Nasser • Lake Victoria • Lake Tanganyika

Which river system flows through the largest rainforest in Africa?

• Nile River • Niger River • Congo River • White Nile

Which is true of both the Niger River and Congo River?

• They begin near the Red Sea • They begin near Lake Tanganyika • They flow into the Atlantic Ocean • They flow into the Mediterranean Sea

What is important about the Niger River delta?

• The delta is poor farming land • The area is rich in oil deposits • The area frequently dries completely up • Few people live in the area around the delta

What has prevented the Congo from developing its rich mineral resources?

• Political unrest • No coastline or seaport • Lack of a good transportation system • Small population, with little interest in this work

Where do most of Egypt’s people live?

• Along the coast • The Sahara Desert • The Nile River valley • The city of Alexandria

Which makes up a large portion of Nigeria’s potential wealth?

• Oil reserves • Heavy industry • Cattle production • Commercial agriculture

Why do Nigerians see little from their country’s oil wealth?

• Political corruption • A weak global market for oil • The poor quality of oil produced • The difficulty in pumping oil from the ground

Why have the people of South Sudan suffered terribly in recent years?

• Outbreaks of small pox • Political and ethnic conflicts • Constant drought and high winds • Flooding from the large river system in that country

What is one of the major problems facing those who depend on the Nile River for their water?

• The Nile River no longer has any fish • The Nile is too shallow to be used for transportation.

• The river always dries up during the summer months • The water is contaminated by human and industrial waste.

How did the Aswan High Dam change Egyptian farming?

• The Dam has allowed year-round irrigation • The Dam allowed more silt to be washed down the river • The Dam has increased the annual flooding of the Nile River • Many men were able to give up farming and work in construction.

What is silt?

• A type of chemical fertilizer • A chemical used to produce electricity • Industrial pollution found in the Nile River • Rich topsoil carried from one location to another by floodwaters

Continual use of chemical fertilizers causes what to build up in soil?

• Silt • Salt • Animal waste • Rocks and gravel

Which part of Africa has access to the Niger River?

• Sahel • Lake Victoria • Sahara Desert • Kalahari Desert

Which best describes a major use of the Niger River?

• Little used because it is too shallow • Source of much hydroelectric power • Used for transportation and agriculture • Used for irrigation projects in the Sahara Desert

Which best describes a major use of the Congo River?

• Irrigation of farmland • Water only for rainforest animals • Supplying pipelines to share water with Egypt • Transportation of goods and people from the interior of Africa to the Indian Ocean

What do some people believe might lead to water wars in Africa?

• Demands to reroute water to the desert • Competition among countries that share a river system • Demands to reroute rivers to supply water to the rainforest • United Nations decrees telling African nations how to share water

Why do some governments ignore pollution of major rivers and waterways?

• They want the industries to be profitable • The people of most countries do not care about pollution • Industries always have plans in place to clean up pollution • Most government officials do not recognize pollution as a problem

What destroyed grassland and forests that were once found in the Sahel?

• Years of heavy flooding • The development of factories • Continuous farming and overgrazing • Repeated use by nomads and camel caravans

Why are droughts a problem for farmers in the Sahel?

• Animals move into the desert to find water • The desert stops expanding when there is rain in the Sahel • The soil is of poor quality and dry conditions result in fewer crops • People do not try to farm in the Sahel any more due to the increased rainfall

Which is a result of desertification for the people living in the Sahel region?

• Increased tourism • More jobs in manufacturing • Increased starvation and poverty • Decreased support from the United Nations

Which has been a major cause of desertification?

• Years of uncontrolled flooding • Overuse of the land by the people • Heavy seasonal winds coming off the desert • Sharp and unexpected changes in the climate

What African country is losing its rainforest rapidly today?

• Egypt • Congo • Kenya • Nigeria

Why is most rainforest area lost today?

• Unchecked forest fires • Harsh drought and high winds • Diseases that attack old growth trees • Logging for industry, farming, and fuel

Which is the location of most desertification in southern Africa?

• Sahel • Sahara Desert • Kalahari Desert • Tropical Rainforest

What is meant by the “Great Line” when one is talking about desertification?

• The line between the desert and the cultivated areas • The line dividing rural and urban neighborhoods • The point in a river at which pollution begins • A barrier up around factories to keep people away for their own safety

Which phrase best describes the Sahara region?

• Hot, dry desert • Rolling grassland • Tropical rainforest • Scattered grassland and scrub brush

What is a nomad?

• Plantation owners who live along the coast • Industrial workers who live in African cities • One who wanders from place to place to find food and water • Those who live and farm in the villages at the edge of a desert

What were two of the most important trade goods carried across the Sahara Desert by caravan?

• Iron and silver • Gold and salt • Gold and silver • Spices and wood

What is the name for a desert area that gets some rainfall or where there is a spring?

• Nomad • Oasis • Savanna • Tuarag

What phrase best describes the Sahel?

• Rolling grasslands and low hills • An area that borders the desert • A desert made up of high sand dunes • Cleared land that was once rainforest

Why is farming so difficult in the African Sahel?

• No rain falls in the Sahel at all • Thick grass makes farming difficult • Rainfall can vary widely from year to year • Farm animals in the Sahel eat up all the crops

What is the most common way people make a living in the Sahel?

• Logging • Fishing and shipbuilding • Caravan trade in gold and salt • Herding and subsistence farming

Which phrase best describes the savanna? • A semi-arid region south of the Sahara Desert • An area of harsh desert in the north of the continent • Grasslands making up half of the African continent • An area of fertile plain along the Mediterranean coast

Which is found on the African savanna?

• A heavy jungle canopy • A wide variety of animals • Dry areas with just an occasional oasis • Lots of commercial logging businesses

Which is the greatest danger for the African savanna today?

• Seasonal fires • Logging industries • The annual droughts • Activities of people

What are some African countries trying to do to protect the savanna?

• Setting land aside as national parks • Setting up zoos for the animals that are threatened • Stopping all commercial logging in central Africa • Refusing to let people move into the savanna area

What phrase best describes the rainforest?

• Hot and dry desert • Semi-arid farmland • Rolling grassy plains • Humid and warm with thick vegetation

In what part of Africa is the largest rainforest found?

• The Nile River basin • The Niger River basin • The Congo River basin • The Mediterranean coast

Beginning in the 1800’s, what did European nations do that affected the African rainforest?

• Cleared land for great plantations • Passed laws protecting rainforest from development • Moved Europeans with no homes to land in the rainforest • Helped African nomads relocate to the desert to farms in the rainforest

What is the definition of

deforestation?

• Eliminating a species of an animal • Creating nature preserves to protect forests • Cutting down and clearing trees from the area • Forcing people to move from cities into traditional villages

What does it mean if a plant or animal becomes extinct?

• It begins to smell very bad • That type of animal can be used for food • That type of animal becomes too numerous • There are no more of that type of plant or animal in the world

What is a factor in the destruction of the rainforest?

• Annual grass fires • Areas of decreasing desert • Rapidly growing population • Decreased use of wood as fuel

Which would be an example of an ethnic group?

• People who grow similar food • People who share a language or religion • People who share a belief in a god or gods • People who like to read the same literature

What would be an example of a religious group?

• People who grow similar food • People who share a language or religion • People who share a belief in a god or gods • People who like to read the same literature

What religion did the Arabs bring with them to Africa?

• Islam • Judaism • Animism • Christianity

Why was learning Arabic important for those who became Muslim?

• The Quran is written in Arabic • Arabic is an easy language to learn • Arabic was the only written language • Muslims are required to speak only Arabic

Where are Muslims found in Africa today?

• Only in the north • Only in the Sahel • Throughout Africa • Few Muslims live in Africa

In which country do most Ashanti live?

• Egypt • Kenya • Ghana • Morocco

What is the significance of the Golden Stool for the Ashanti people?

• It symbolizes the power of the Ashanti people • The stool was meant to encourage equal rights for all • The Ashanti would become rich making furniture and household goods • The Ashanti people could not worship if they were sitting on the Golden Stool

Those who practice the traditional Ashanti religion • Use the Quran as their holy book • Believe there is one supreme god • Believe that Jesus is the son of God • Must pray facing Mecca five times a day

What are the main religions of the Ashanti people today?

• A traditional religion and Hinduism • A belief in Judaism and Christianity • A traditional Ashanti religion, Christianity and Islam • There is little formal practice of religion among the Ashanti today

What best describes the Bantu people?

• The Bantu people are nomadic people in the Sahara desert • The Bantu are a separate race in the northern part of the African continent • The Bantu live only in cities and towns, none of them farm or herd animals anymore • They are many different people who share a related language and some culture

Why is the Bantu migration so important to the study of Africa?

• The Bantu migration led to the first settlements in the Sahara • The migration was forced by the African governments in the north • The Bantu migration covered a large expanse of the African continent • During the Bantu migration, the people refused to intermarry with Arabs or Muslims

Which describes the religion of the Bantu people?

• Most as Muslims • Most Bantu practice Animism • Nearly all Bantu are Christians • The Bantu practice a wide variety of religions

Where are the majority of Swahili people found?

• The Sahel • East Africa • North Africa • South Africa

The Swahili language is a mixture of Bantu and • Muslim • Ashanti • Arabic • English

What does the word

Swahili

mean in Arabic?

• Forest dweller • Nomad wanderer • One who herds animals • One who lives on the coast

What religion is most common among the Swahili people?

• Islam • Buddhism • Hinduism • Christianity

What are the “mila” that are part of Swahili belief?

• Spirits that can possess a person • Special foods eaten on the holidays • Rituals of the pilgrimage to Mecca • Prayers that must be said five times a day

How do literacy rates for men and women compare in most countries in Africa?

• It costs more for a country to educate women • Most women do not want to go to school • There is very little difference in the literacy rates for men and women • In nearly all the countries women have a lower literacy rate than men

In a unitary form of government, who holds most of the power?

• Individual voters • Local governments • Central government • Central and local governments

In a federal system of government, who holds most of the power?

• The president • The local government • Central government • Central and local governments

In a confederation government system who holds most of the power? • Individual voters • Local governments • Central government • Central and local governments

In an autocracy, who makes most of the important governmental decisions?

• The courts • The people • An individual ruler • An elected legislature

Which describes the decision makers in an oligarchy?

• Voting citizens • Judges and lawyers • A king and his family • A group of powerful leaders

Why do the individual voters have more power in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an oligarchy ?

• Kings are always cruel rulers • The People play a role in deciding who rules • All of the power stays in the hands of local governments • Voters in democratic countries always choose qualified leaders

Which branch of government is responsible for making and carrying out the laws in a parliamentary system of government?

• Courts • Monarch • President • Legislature

What is the leader of a parliamentary system most often called?

• King • Prime Minister • Governor • President

Which BEST describes the two predominant forms of a democratic government?

• Dictatorship and republican • Presidential and dictatorship • Presidential and confederate • Presidential and parliamentary

Who chooses the country’s leader in a parliamentary form of government?

• The monarch • Popular vote by the people • Decision by the national courts • The party with the most representatives in the legislature

Which BEST describes a head of state in a parliamentary government system?

• Person who has no role in government • Ceremonial figure without much actual power • The most powerful person in the national government • One who can veto or cancel laws passed by the legislature

Which branch of government passes laws in a presidential system of government?

• Judicial • Executive • Legislative • Bureaucracy

In a presidential system of government how is a president chosen?

• Separately from the legislature • By a decision of the national courts • By a majority vote of the legislature • By the political party with the most representatives in the legislature

What is the role of the president regarding laws passed by the legislature?

• Enforce the laws • Change the laws he does not like • Sends the laws to the state for approval • Laws passed by the legislature do not have to the president for approval

What is one main difference between a president and a prime minister?

• A prime minister has more power than a president • A president has to be elected while a prime minister does not • A prime minister does not belong to a particular political party, while a president always does • A president is separate from the legislature, while a prime minister answers directly to the legislature

Which term correctly defines

apartheid?

• Ruled by a king • A two-house legislature • Legal separation of races • Ruled by European colonial country

Why are literacy rates for girls lower than those for boys in Africa?

• Very few schools have been opened for girls in many countries in Africa • Girls have shown they cannot do schoolwork as easily as boys • Most girls in African countries have no interest in going to school • Traditional views say that girls should be married rather than educated

What would be the correct definition of a

dowry

?

• The gifts wedding guests give to the bride and groom • Money paid to the government to get a marriage license • The household goods a bride must give the groom’s family • Money or gifts given by the groom to the bride’s family

Many of the girls who go to school in Sudan are only allowed to study • Military subjects • Religious subjects • Housekeeping skills • Languages and reading

Which of these does NOT play a role in the spread of HIV/AIDS?

• Poverty • Poor health care system • Lack of government organization • Programs for prevention and treatment

What often happens to the children of those infected with HIV/AIDS?

• AIDS never infects the children of victims • All these children are taken care of by the state government • Many of these children become orphans • All children born to victims have the virus as well

Why don’t more Africans infected with HIV/AIDS take the antiretroviral drugs that can slow down the progress of the disease?

• The drugs are too expensive for most Africans • These drugs are not for sale in Africa • These drugs do not seem to work on African patients • Western drug companies will not accept African currency as payment

How do political conflicts sometimes lead to famine?

• Crops never seem to grow well in times of war • Conflicts disrupt farming and little food is produced • Political leaders order farmers to stop work in times of conflict • Political conflicts rarely have any significant effect on food production

In a traditional economy, how are economic decisions made?

• Custom and habit • Government leaders • Consumers and planners • Combination of consumers and producers

What would be a problem for a community with a traditional economy?

• People in the village find ways to make their products more efficiently • The price of advanced electronics, like computers begins to rise rapidly • People in the country begin to want and need products that cannot be made or traded locally • Older villagers take on younger workers to learn to make the products they have been producing

In a command economy, how are economic decisions made?

• Custom and habit • Government planners • Consumers and the market • Combination of consumers and planners

Which would be a problem in a command economy?

• People would get rich • Local crafts would be produced before manufactured goods • A worker trying to start a new business on his or her own would need permission • Individual business people would risk their own money to produce goods

In a market economy, how are economic decisions made?

• Custom and habit • Government planners • Consumers and the market • Individuals starting new businesses

Who takes on the financial risk in starting a new business in a market economy?

• Combination of planners and investors • Government planners • Consumers • Individuals starting new businesses

Why are most modern economies referred to as mixed economies?

• Poverty is always highest in countries with market economies • Government planners do not know how to handle economic problems • Products made by traditional economies have no markets in the modern world • Most countries have aspects of all three economic types at work in their economies

Why do most economies in the world today operate somewhere between a market economy and a command economy?

• Most economies have found they need a mix of free market and some government control to be successful and protect consumers • Government control always makes a market economy profitable • Most consumers prefer government control to a free market system • Government control of some aspects of the economy has never been successful in the modern world

What is South Africa’s main export?

• Oil • Textiles • Gold and diamonds • Agricultural products

What is Nigeria’s main export?

• Oil • Textiles • Gold and diamonds • Agricultural products

Why is specialization so valuable in international trade today?

• Most countries can make only one product very well • Specialization limits the amount of agriculture a country allows • Specialization always keeps the prices low on goods that are imported into a country • Specialization allows people to do a more efficient job at producing what they make best and trade for the things they want

What is a tariff?

• A tax paid by the purchaser when the goods are sold • A tax placed on goods coming into one country from another • A tax placed on goods made by local craftsmen or manufacturers • A fee paid when goods are shipped from one state to another in the United States

What is a quota?

• A limit on the amount of foreign goods allowed into a country • A tax placed on imported goods when they enter the country • A decision to prevent certain goods from being imported at all • A tax placed on goods when they are purchased in the market place

What is an embargo?

• A tax placed in goods coming into the country from overseas • A limit on the amount of certain goods allowed into the country • A tax placed on the producer before he can sell his goods in another country • A halt to trade with a particular country for economic or political reasons

How could a huge tariff on imported grain help the people in the country charging the tariff?

• The grain process would be lower if tariffs were in place • Local grain would always be of a higher quality than grain from other countries • Local grain would be more plentiful because it was grown closer to the market • Local famers would be able to sell their grain since it would be cheaper than imported grain

Why did a number of countries of the United Nations have an embargo on South Africa?

• South Africa refused to take part in international trade • They wanted South Africa to end its system of apartheid • Some were hoping for better oil deals from the South African government • They wanted South Africa to lower the world price of gold and diamonds

Why is a system of currency exchange necessary for international trade?

• Nearly all world currencies are worthless on the world market • Those buying goods on the world market want to be paid in gold and silver • Most goods bought on the international market must be paid for in US dollars • There must be a way to pay for goods purchased from countries with different types of currencies

Which is part of a country’s human capital?

• Skills and knowledge workers have • Taxes collected from a country’s workers • Money paid to workers for producing goods • The amount of goods sold in foreign trade in a year

What accounts for the high unemployment rate in South Africa?

• Grain production requires few workers • The government does not provide free public education • Unemployed black workers are still feeling the effects of the apartheid system • South Africa’s industries use only foreign workers who put local people out of work

What is the gross domestic product (GDP)?

• Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year • The amount collected in taxes from the people of a country in one year • The value of all the goods and services produced by small shops and individually owned businesses in a country • The value of all the products a country buys from foreign nations in a year

If a country does not invest in its human capital how can it affect the country’s GDP?

• Investment in human capital has little effect on a country’s GDP • GDP is only affected if workers pay for the investment out of their pockets • Most workers want to keep their jobs just as they are and do not care about GDP • GDP may go down because poorly trained workers will not be able to do their jobs well

What are capital goods?

• The workers who make the goods and services • The factories and machines used to make goods • Money spent to train workers to use new technology • Money available for scholarships to graduate schools

What happens to much of the money earned from the sale of African gold?

• The profits go back to the citizens of South Africa • The money is divided up among the citizens of South Africa • All the profits make up bonuses for the gold company executives • The money goes to pay for weapons used in wars and civil conflicts

How are profits from diamonds being used today in many African countries?

• Profits fund military supplies for the civil wars • Money is used to pay for environmental clean-up programs • The money is used to make improvements in educational facilities • Surplus grain is bought and imported for hungry people in these countries

Which best describes an entrepreneur?

• A business person • Business person who tries not to take risks with their money • Someone who is always successful in whatever he attempts • Someone who is willing to take a risk to begin a new business

Which BEST describes income?

• Money borrowed from a credit union • Money you earn working or investing • Credit offered on the basis of a person’s salary • Taxes paid to the government based on annual salary

What is the definition of savings?

• Money sent to the government as taxes • Money used to pay off loan obligations • Money left over after buying what is needed and wanted • Money used to buy things one needs like food and shelter

Which is a plan for saving and spending?

• A will • A budget • A savings account • A checking account

The ability to borrow money is called • Credit • Savings • Investments • Mutual funds

Credit becomes a problem when • Banks begin to issue their own credit cards • Credit is used to pay for things like college tuition • Credit card companies offer people additional credit cards • A person cannot find the money to pay their monthly bills

Why did Europeans take an interest in the African continent after the discovery of the New World?

• They were engaged in the slave trade • They wanted to control African industry • They wanted African agricultural products • They were invited to help organize African educational systems

Why did the European countries eventually set up colonies in Africa?

• They wanted to bring African laborers to Europe • They needed the raw material found on the African continent • Africans invited them in to develop their natural resources • They wanted to help African nations settle ethnic and tribal disputes

Why did many of the boundaries of the new African states created after WW II cause problems?

• The boundaries split tribes and kinship groups • All of the boundaries carefully followed the paths of rivers • All of the new countries were too large to rule effectively • Europeans drew the boundaries so they could keep all the mineral wealth to themselves

Which European country first colonized South Africa?

• France • Germany • Great Britain • The Netherlands

When Great Britain took over South Africa and the Dutch settlers moved farther north, which African group fought that expansion?

• Zulus • Berbers • Ashanti • Mau Mau

What valuable natural resources were found in South Africa after the British took control of the country?

• Coal and iron • Salt and silver • Oil and natural gas • Gold and diamonds

Which organization was formed to work for equality in the country of South Africa?

• African Union • Pan African Congress • African National Congress • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

What is the apartheid system?

• Equality for all • Segregation of races • Constitutional monarchy • Western style democracy

What was significant about Nelson Mandela’s election to political office in South Africa in 1994?

• He was the first black president of South Africa • He was elected as a representative of the Zulu nation • He united the Zulu and Ashanti people in order to win the election • He was the overwhelming choice of British citizens living in South Africa

What percent of the population of South Africa was black when that country achieved independence?

• 20% • 40% • 50% • 70%

What decision did South African President F. W. deKlerk eventually make about the country’s apartheid laws?

• He added many new and even harsher laws • He began to recommend that the laws be repealed • He lifted segregation restrictions on those living in South African cities • He worked to spread apartheid laws to nations neighboring South Africa

What was Nelson Mandela’s attitude toward the people who had been responsible for the old government of South Africa?

• Many of the old leaders were sent to jail on his orders • He turned the leaders over to the United Nations for punishment • He tried to have all the old government officials exiled to other countries • He felt the different races needed to try to work together in the new government

The main goal of the Pan-African movement was to • End any support for the African National Congress • Immediately overthrow all of the ruling governments in Africa • Get all African nations to become members of the United Nations • Get Africans to think of themselves as one people and to work together