Chapter 1

Leading a Healthy Life

Section One

 Health and Teens

Health Today (DWT)

 What does being healthy mean to you?

 Does it mean:  Being physically fit?

 Free from disease?

 Eating nutritious food?

Health in the past

 In 1800s-1900s leading cause of death was “infectious diseases”  Infectious disease are passed from one person to another (bacteria).

 Polio  Tuberculosis

Examples

 Pneumonia  Influenza (The flu)

 Advancements in  Medicine  Better living conditions have helped control these diseases.

“Lifestyle Diseases”

 Today, most health problems are a direct reflection of how we live our lives.

 Caused by partly by unhealthy behaviors and other factors.

 Examples are diabetes, heart disease, cancer (some types)

Health Risk Factors

 All health problems have risk factors  A risk factor is anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems.

 Risk factors are considered controllable or uncontrollable.

Risk factors of heart disease

 History of heart disease in your family  High-fat diet  Stress  Being overweight  Smoking  Lack of daily exercise

Controllable risk factors

 Risk factors that you can do something about.

Uncontrollable Risk factors

 Some risk factors cannot be controlled by your behavior  Examples include:  Age  Race  Gender  Heredity

Risk factors and your health

 Leading causes of death for teens in the U.S.A.

 Motor vehicle accidents  Homicide  Suicide  Other accidents  These 4 make up almost ¾ of all teen death  (MVA) are #1 cause of death for children and infants.

 The leading cause of death for adults between 19 65 years of age is “cancer”  The leading cause of death for adults over 65 years of age is heart disease.

Health Risk Behaviors

 There are six types of risk behaviors that cause the most serious health problems  Sedentary lifestyle  Alcohol and other drug use  Sexual activity  Behaviors that cause injuries  Tobacco use  Poor eating habits

Sedentary lifestyle

 Not taking part in some form of physical activity on a regular basis.

 You do not have to be overweight to live a sedentary lifestyle  Sedentary people raise the risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Alcohol and other drug use

 can lead to liver disease, types of cancer, heart disease, and brain damage.

 They are also major factors in car accidents, physical fights, depression, suicide, and mental disorders.

 Also big factors in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s)

What are STD’s

 Diseases spread through sexual activity.

 Examples  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Sexual activity

 Risk behaviors include:  Sexually transmitted diseases  Unplanned pregnancy

Behaviors that cause injuries

 Can be eliminated, if you decrease the controllable risk factors  Examples:  Wear helmets on all ATV vehicles  Wear seatbelts while in cars  Do not drink and drive

Tobacco use

 Smoking is the single leading preventable cause of death in the U.S.A.

 It is a controllable risk factor for heart disease, cancer, and respiratory disease.

 These are 3 of the leading causes of death for all age groups.

Poor eating habits

 Can increase you chances of developing many diseases.

 Eating foods high in fat increase your risk of heart disease, cancer, and stroke  You should refer to a food guide pyramid for a recommended daily dosage of food.

Section 2

 Health and Wellness

Six components of health

 To be truly “healthy” you must take care of all 6 components.

Physical Health

 Physical health refers to the way your body functions  People with good physical health:  Eat a well-balanced diet  Exercise regularly  Avoids tobacco, alcohol, and drugs  Is free of disease

Emotional Health

 Expressing your emotions in a positive, nondestructive way.

 People with strong emotional health can:  Express emotions constructively  Ask for help when sad

Social Health

 The quality of your relationships with friends, family, teachers, and others you are in contact with on a daily basis.

 People with strong social health:  Respects others  Has supportive relationships  Expresses needs to others

Mental Health

 Is the ability to recognize reality and cope with the demands of daily life  People with strong mental health are:  Free from mental illnesses  Have high self esteem  Enjoys trying new things

 An example of a mental illness is a phobia.

 A phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of something.

 Examples  Fear of closed areas   Fear of heights Fear of germs etc…..

Spiritual Health

 Maintaining harmonious relationships with other living things and having spiritual direction and purpose.

 People with good spiritual health:  Has a sense of purpose in life  Follows morals and values  Feels a unity with other human beings

Environmental Health

 Keeping your air and water clean, your food safe, and the land around you enjoyable and safe.

People with strong environmental health: has access to clean air and water has a clean and uncrowded living space recycles used paper, glass products, and aluminum.

Healthy?

 Being “healthy is defined as balance of all the components of health  Wellness is the achievement of a person’s best in all six components of health.

 Well fluctuates on a daily basis.

The wellness continuum

 Represents the idea that a person is neither completely healthy nor completely unhealthy.

 The higher you reach on the wellness continuum, the greater chance you have to reach optimal health.

example



Optimal health

 Improved Health  Average Health  Illness  Death

Influences on your wellness

 Factors that can influence your wellness are:  Hereditary Influences  Social Influences  Cultural Influences  Environmental Influences

Hereditary Influences

 The traits you inherit from your parents.

 These influences are uncontrollable, but not 100 % guarantee you will get them.

 You can help focusing on controllable risk factors.

Social Influences

 Influenced by the relationships you have with other people (friends)

Cultural influences

 Values, beliefs, and practices shared by people that have a common background.

Environmental Influences

 Your surroundings, the area where you live, and all the things you have contact with are part of your environment.

Taking charge of your wellness

 Three ways you can take charge of your health are:  Knowledge  Through your lifestyle  Through your attitude.

knowledge

 Health literacy: knowledge of health information needed to make good choices about your health.

 How do you increase your health literacy?

 Health classes in school settings  Research health information  Read Journals on health related topics.

Lifestyle

 Now you have acquired knowledge on health issues; therefore, it is time to put it to use, this is known as lifestyle  Example:  You research that eating healthier can decrease obesity and cardiovascular disease, so next time you go to the store, you do not purchase items that are “unhealthy”

 “

Health knowledge is useless without positive health behavior. You must put what you know into action for it to work”!!!!

Section 3

 Health in your community

Public Health

 Is the practice of protecting and improving the health of people in a community.

 4 ways  Medical advances  Technology  Public policy  education

Medical advances

 Is conducted through research.

 Example is the insulin pump, which is commonly used with diabetes patients  Implanted insulin pumps replace daily insulin shots, which are mandatory for the survival of diabetes patients.

 If blood sugar level gets low, insulin pumps automatically pumps insulin in the body to regulate the blood sugar level.

Technology

 Through computers, lasers, and other revolutionary technologies.

 Ex: glucose meter (diabetes patients)  Drop some blood on the meter and it reads the amount of glucose in your body and automatically supplies that number back to you.

Public Policy

 “government policies” to address health problems  Example: tobacco regulation  The government can place taxes on cigarettes, age limits for purchasing, advertisement restrictions, and limitations on public smoking facilities.

Education

 “health education” has been a key factor in the prevention of disease and illness in this country.

 Example: most states require students to participate in a health education class, while they are in high school  These classes teach you about heath promotion, health awareness, and health prevention.

End of Chapter 1



Congrats!!!!