Chap 1

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Careers

▪ There are numerous careers in electronic media ▪ Industry familiarity & knowledge of changes ▪ improves careers success

Understanding

 Knowing media tools & impact helps ▪ Understand how the media influences ▪ ▪ Individual behaviors, views, opinions Society ▪ Teach most effective method of interacting with media

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Changes over the years

 Radio & TV – 1 st ▪ two broadcasting mediums Local Radio & Major 3 networks dominated early broadcasts  1960’s-70’s brought ▪ Commercial vs public broadcasting ▪ CATV, VCR’s, Satellite, Low Power TV (1982) ▪ Industrial TV – Used by companies for training  Later (Corporate Video/Organizational TV) ▪ Narrowcasting ▪ When TV programming targeted specific audiences  What is an example of a TV station/channel that does this

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1980’s

 Brought more variety to TV delivery systems ▪ Videotape, Video Stores, Cable, Satellite, Remotes  Reduced the control of the Big 3 Networks ▪ On determining what consumers were watching

1990’s

 Growth of information access through ▪ Cell phones, Internet (via Dial up), E-mail  Information once provided by Radio/TV available online ▪ ▪ Webcasting, browsers, ISP’s, search engines, blogging Began developing at faster rates

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2000’s

 Internet explodes as source of information ▪ High speed access, faster computers, bigger hard drives ▪ Allow vast amounts of information to be stored & retrieved  DVR’s replace VCR’s allowing time shifting of TV programs  Other new technology being embraced by consumers ▪ Satellite radio, HD Radio, HDTV, Blue Ray DVD, ▪ ▪ Digital Movie theaters, Podcasting, MP3 Players, PDA’s (Smartphones) Texting, Social networking ▪ What’s Next?

▪ Are there any even newer innovations you can think of?

 How many different types of media are in your home?

 Do you use all of them or only some?

 Are they all used by someone?

 Are they all needed?

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Media ownership has shifted recently (pg 7)

▪ Landlines which were once at 100% have dropped ▪ Cell phones have become the only phone for many ▪ Internet access almost non-existent prior to the 90’s ▪ Is almost a universal service ▪ Cable TV subscribers have dropped ▪ What are some causes for this?

▪ Does anyone in here have a VCR in your home?

▪ Is it used?

 DVD’s are now preferred due to higher quality  Video game console & DVR ownership is also growing ▪ Why do you think there has been an increase in DVR’s  The most stable media devices ▪ Television & Radio ▪ Both are at almost 100% ▪ Average home has 6 radios & 2.4 TV sets ▪ How does your home compare

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People spend a great deal of time with media

▪ Media devices are used & they are also used ▪ Interaction with media is significant part of life  Interesting Trends ▪ Increased use of internet has not reduce TV watching ▪ Heavy internet users claim TV watching has increased ▪ TV watching ▪ Has shifted from broadcast TV more to cable TV ▪ Has become complicated  Would a show made for the internet be considered watching TV?

 Media Link

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Watching a Netflix video, streamed through a video game console, watched through a television

 What would that be?

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Video games have grown tremendously

 Often earning more than domestic movies ▪ Grand Theft Auto IV - $500 million in 1 st week 

Internet usage has shifted over the years

 There are several current categories ▪ ▪ Today the top use of internet is Content Followed by Communication ▪ Next is community (Category added in 2008) ▪ For social networking sites

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Traditional functions include

▪ Entertain, Inform, Persuade  ▪ ▪ Functions have expanded as media have expanded ▪ Presenting Entertainment ▪ Disseminating news & information Aiding Commerce Transmitting Culture & Customs ▪ Acting as A watchdog ▪ Providing relaxation & companionship ▪ Connecting people to each other

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Presenting Entertainment

 The main function of many forms of electronic media ▪ Movies, Video Games, Majority of TV programs ▪ Internet has increased entertainment element ▪ Due to Audio/Video elements ▪

Why is entertainment a big part of electronic media?

▪ Increases in technology has transformed entertainment ▪ From passive only to incorporating interactive elements

 Some are dissatisfied with the entertainment function ▪ Politicians, citizens groups, parents, etv ▪ Complain that there is too much sex & violence on TV ▪ Some feel that the imitation of ideas (especially reality) ▪ Has led to poor quality programming on TV  Despite the changes and sometimes poor decisions on the part of content developers ▪ Entertainment will no doubt continue to serve as the main function of electronic media

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Disseminating news & information

 Electronic media provides immediate updates ▪ For disasters, breaking news, current events ▪ When have you turned to electronic media for more information (disasters/breaking news)  Especially radio ▪ Because it is portable and relies less on electricity ▪ (battery powered radios) ▪ During disasters (tornados, hurricanes) other media often fail ▪ (What is changing this)

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Disseminating news & information

 Information is also useful at other times ▪ What information do you regularly get from the media ▪ What are your sources of news?

 Everyone's interests are different ▪ What is something that you learned more about by seeking out info online or on TV  Personalizing news ▪ Yahoo, google news,  What are some problems with

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Aiding Commerce

 Persuasion ▪ Who has bought something based only on advertising?

 What made you buy it?

▪ What made the commercial/ad appealing?

 Humor, Visual effects ▪ Commercials today are not as much of a hard sell ▪ Memorable gimmicks with brief reference to product are used more

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Aiding Commerce

 Tailoring ▪ Commercials may differ based on geographic region ▪ Same show different commercials  Aired to appeal to specific audiences ▪ Google ads ▪ Show similar products in the side bar based on keyword searches

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Aiding Commerce

 Shopping ▪ Has been revolutionized through electronic media ▪ Who has bought something online ▪ What type of product/service, where was it bought  Advertising has become a nuisance to people ▪ Many with DVR’s skip through them ▪ Others ignore them or flip channels ▪ How have advertisers adjusted to remain visible

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Transmitting Culture & Customs

▪ Think of some shows that portray a culture/lifestyle ▪ Do these shows influence perceptions of that group/culture ▪

Unintentional

▪ When the content broadcast associates with a group regardless of motives behind the production ▪

Intentional

▪ When the content purposely reflects a particular group or culture  Foreign language, religious, public service programming ▪

Criticisms

▪ Media often are the catalyst of stereotypes  Many stereotypes, ethnic/cultural are magnified through the media

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Acting as a watchdog

 Watching over aspects of society  (especially government) ▪

This role is often reserved for journalists

 Watching & reporting political candidates  Reviewing new laws that affect many  Informing the public about scandal and fraud  Informing public about of information that is hard to find ▪

Some media provide a window for us to view (CSPAN)

 Some interpret information for the public  Can lead to bias &/or slanted information

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Providing relaxation & companionship

▪ The television can be your friend ▪ People who live alone ▪ The internet/radio ▪ Can provide entertainment or relaxing sounds ▪ The media can provide a getaway ▪ ▪ After a hard day it can provide relief from the rigor of daily life Can also become problematic if it becomes addicting  Web Link

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Connecting people to each other

▪ How many of you have ever watched a new show or movie  And talked with your friends about it later?

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A movie comes out that you never heard of

 What would convince you to check it out ▪ “Water-Cooler” Function ▪ When people talk in groups about a show they all watched or heard recently ▪ Today’s media is more fragmented (less people watch the same shows) ▪ E-mail, texting, social media, internet searches ▪ These are all methods people use to stay connected

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People (The consumers)

▪ Are in more control of the media than in the past.

▪ Gatekeepers heavily influenced content in the past ▪ Network executives, News producers, Radio music directors, etc ▪ Their power has diminished  Due to time shifting devices  From Increased sources of media

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How many of you have ever posted a video

User-Generated Content

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User generated content

 The internet has allowed for the explosion of user generated content for people to browse ▪ Videos & Short films ▪ Online radio stations ▪ Multimedia Websites ▪ Public access channels ▪

(Through Cable TV providers)

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Convergence

▪ Bringing together various media forms & facilities 

Proliferation

▪ Distributing media content to many places through many platforms 

Resilience

▪ The ability of various forms of electronic media to adapt and continue to exist

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Proliferation

▪ Reaching consumers through innovative ways ▪ What is one of the strangest or odd places you have seen an advertisement?

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Convergence

▪ 1 – Blending of multiple forms of media to create new ones ▪ Radio over the internet ▪ 2 – Blending of facilities ▪ Cable & Phone companies offering the same thing

Resilience

▪ ▪ The fast paced media industry is constantly changing Old media have to change or adapt to remain valid

    The significance of electronic media will continue to increase People will use it now more than anytime in the past The criticisms on media content will continue Some of the equipment that connects people also disconnects them ▪ ▪ Computers keep people connected online But away from their families  With the media changing at such a rapid pace  Only time will tell what the next mediated innovation is