Transcript Review for Chapter 37 & 38

Review for Chapter 37 & 38
Mrs. Senger
The Earth’s oceans likely evolved
• From the condensation of water vapor in
the hyrogen-oxygen rich atm
• With the accumulation of rainfall
• From the condensation of water vapor
from volcanic eruptions
• As the Earth cooled
The Earth’s oceans likely evolved
• From the condensation of water vapor in
the hyrogen-oxygen rich atm
• With the accumulation of rainfall
• From the condensation of water vapor
from volcanic eruptions
• As the Earth cooled
The earth’s earliest atm was lacking
in
• Carbon dioxide
• Photosynthesis
• Free oxygen
• Hydrogen
The earth’s earliest atm was lacking
in
• Carbon dioxide
• Photosynthesis
• Free oxygen
• Hydrogen
The process of photosynthesis is
important because photosynthesis
• Allows plants to grow to larger size
• Is an energy source that drives the
metabolic process
• Converts carbon dioxide and water to
hydrogen & free oxygen
• All of these
The process of photosynthesis is
important because photosynthesis
• Allows plants to grow to larger size
• Is an energy source that drives the
metabolic process
• Converts carbon dioxide and water to
hydrogen & free oxygen
• All of these
The atm is divided into several
layers. The troposphere is the
• The atmosphere's 3rd layer and the
thickest layer
• Lowest layer and the thickest layer, where
earth’s weather occurs
• Lowest layer and the thinnest, where the
earth’s weather occurs
• None of these
The atm is divided into several
layers. The troposphere is the
• The atmosphere's 3rd layer and the
thickest layer
• Lowest layer and the thickest layer, where
earth’s weather occurs
• Lowest layer and the thinnest, where the
earth’s weather occurs
• None of these
The ozone layer is a region within
the
• Ionosphere
• Troposphere
• Mesosphere
• Stratosphere
The ozone layer is a region within
the
• Ionosphere
• Troposphere
• Mesosphere
• Stratosphere
The layers of the earth’s atm, from
top to bottom, are the
• Troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer,
•
•
•
mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere and
exosphere
Exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere,
stratosphere, and troposphere
Exosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere,
mesosphere, ozonosphere, stratosphere and
troposphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere and exosphere
The layers of the earth’s atm, from
top to bottom, are the
• Troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer,
•
•
•
mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere and
exosphere
Exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere,
stratosphere, and troposphere
Exosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere,
mesosphere, ozonosphere, stratosphere and
troposphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,
thermosphere and exosphere
The temperature in the
thermosphere reaches a whooping
2000 degrees C. This extreme
temperature has very little
significance because
• The thermosphere is very far from the Earth’s surface
• There are not enough air molecules & atoms colliding
•
•
with one another to generate heat energy
There is very little ozone in the air to absorb the solar
radiation
Few atoms and air molecules in this region move slowly
enough to absorb much solar radiation
The temperature in the
thermosphere reaches a whooping
2000 degrees C. This extreme
temperature has very little
significance because
• The thermosphere is very far from the Earth’s surface
• There are not enough air molecules & atoms colliding
•
•
with one another to generate heat energy
There is very little ozone in the air to absorb the solar
radiation
Few atoms and air molecules in this region move slowly
enough to absorb much solar radiation
The ionosphere
• Is produced by the action of solar
radiation and atmospheric atoms
• Reflects solar ultraviolet & atmospheric
atoms
• Consist of ozone ions
• Occurs at roughly the same altitude as
high clouds
The ionosphere
• Is produced by the action of solar
radiation and atmospheric atoms
• Reflects solar ultraviolet & atmospheric
atoms
• Consist of ozone ions
• Occurs at roughly the same altitude as
high clouds
The tilt of the earth’s axis greatly
affects the
• Change of the earth’s seasons
• Intensity of sunlight that reaches the
earth’s surface
• Hours of daylight
• All of these
The tilt of the earth’s axis greatly
affects the
• Change of the earth’s seasons
• Intensity of sunlight that reaches the
earth’s surface
• Hours of daylight
• All of these
The angle of the sun’s rays striking
the earth’s surface greatly affects
the
• Earth’s seasons
• Intensity of solar energy received at the
earth’s surface
• Equatorial and polar regions
• All of these
The angle of the sun’s rays striking
the earth’s surface greatly affects
the
• Earth’s seasons
• Intensity of solar energy received at the
earth’s surface
• Equatorial and polar regions
• All of these
The lower atmosphere is directly
warmed
• By the absorption of terrestrial radiation
• From the weight of the atmosphere above
• By the emission of terrestrial radiation
• By incoming solar radiation
The lower atmosphere is directly
warmed
• By the absorption of terrestrial radiation
• From the weight of the atmosphere above
• By the emission of terrestrial radiation
• By incoming solar radiation
At the end of December, all the
Southern Hemisphere is in
• Summer
• Winter
• Darkness
• Light
At the end of December, all the
Southern Hemisphere is in
• Summer
• Winter
• Darkness
• Light
Almost all of the earth’s supply of
energy come from
• The Sun
• Carbon dioxide
• The earth’s interior
• The oceans
Almost all of the earth’s supply of
energy come from
• The Sun
• Carbon dioxide
• The earth’s interior
• The oceans
Air near the equator averages
higher temperatures than air near
the poles because
• The oceans near the equator are warmer than
•
•
•
those near the poles
Polar air is cooled by ice and snow on the
ground
Infrared radiation is absorbed more readily in
equatorial air due to increased levels of carbon
dioxide and water vapor
Sunlight falls in more vertical position at the
equator than near the poles
Air near the equator averages
higher temperatures than air near
the poles because
• The oceans near the equator are warmer than
•
•
•
those near the poles
Polar air is cooled by ice and snow on the
ground
Infrared radiation is absorbed more readily in
equatorial air due to increased levels of carbon
dioxide and water vapor
Sunlight falls in more vertical position at the
equator than near the poles
Wind is generated in response to
• Pressure differences
• Temperature differences
• The unequal heating of the earth’s surface
• All of these
Wind is generated in response to
• Pressure differences
• Temperature differences
• The unequal heating of the earth’s surface
• All of these
The Coriolis effect greatly affects
the path of air circulation, and it is
the result of
• The tilt of the earth
• The earth’s rotation
• Global winds
• All of these
If a volume of air is warmed, it
expands. After it expands the
volume of air expands because it
• Cools
• Warms
• Neither cools or warms
• Does both
If a volume of air is warmed, it
expands. After it expands the
volume of air expands because it
• Cools
• Warms
• Neither cools or warms
• Does both
The wind blows in response to
• Pressure differences
• The earth’s rotation
• Temperature differences
• Pressure and temperature differences
The wind blows in response to
• Pressure differences
• The earth’s rotation
• Temperature differences
• Pressure and temperature differences
Fresh water leaves the ocean by
• Precipitation, evaporation and runoff
• Condensation
• Evaporation, sublimation and freezing
• Evaporation and formation of ice
Fresh water leaves the ocean by
• Precipitation, evaporation and runoff
• Condensation
• Evaporation, sublimation and freezing
• Evaporation and formation of ice
When precipitation at the ocean
surface exceeds evaporation, the
salinity of seawater
• Increases
• Decreases
• Stays the same
• Not enough info
When precipitation at the ocean
surface exceeds evaporation, the
salinity of seawater
• Increases
• Decreases
• Stays the same
• Not enough info
The two most abundant elements
that make up the salinity of
seawater are
• Sodium and potassium
• Chlorine and sulfur
• Chlorine and sodium
• Calcium and sulfur
The two most abundant elements
that make up the salinity of
seawater are
• Sodium and potassium
• Chlorine and sulfur
• Chlorine and sodium
• Calcium and sulfur
Most surface ocean currents are
due to
• River flow into the oceans
• Melting polar glaciers
• Density differences in vertical profile of the
oceans
• Winds
Most surface ocean currents are
due to
• River flow into the oceans
• Melting polar glaciers
• Density differences in vertical profile of the
oceans
• Winds
Because the Coriolis effect, a wind
in the Northern Hemisphere is
deflected
• Upward
• Downward
• Toward the right
• Toward the left
Because the Coriolis effect, a wind
in the Northern Hemisphere is
deflected
• Upward
• Downward
• Toward the right
• Toward the left
Air currents are sensitive to
changes in pressure and
temperature. In general, air moves
from regions of
• Low pressure to regions of high pressure
• High temperatures and low pressure to regions
•
•
of low temperature and high pressure
Low temperature and high pressure to regions of
high temperature and low pressure
High pressure to regions of low pressure
Air currents are sensitive to
changes in pressure and
temperature. In general, air moves
from regions of
• Low pressure to regions of high pressure
• High temperatures and low pressure to regions
•
•
of low temperature and high pressure
Low temperature and high pressure to regions of
high temperature and low pressure
High pressure to regions of low pressure
The ocean has many layers
amongst itself. The layers form due
to differences in
• Salinity
• Temperature
• Both
• neither
The ocean has many layers
amongst itself. The layers form due
to differences in
• Salinity
• Temperature
• Both
• neither
What is the driving force of energy
in the planet’s hydrologic cycle?
• Solar energy
• Wind
• Precipitation of water over the oceans
• The balance of precipitation and
evaporation
What is the driving force of energy
in the planet’s hydrologic cycle?
• Solar energy
• Wind
• Precipitation of water over the oceans
• The balance of precipitation and
evaporation
The Coriolis effect greatly affects
the path of circulation, and is the
result of what?
• The Earth’s rotation
• The tilt of the earth
• Global winds
• Wind changes
The Coriolis effect greatly affects
the path of circulation, and is the
result of what?
• The Earth’s rotation
• The tilt of the earth
• Global winds
• Wind changes
The changing of a substance from
a liquid into a vapor or gas is called
• Dew point
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Saturation point
The changing of a substance from
a liquid into a vapor or gas is called
• Dew point
• Evaporation
• Condensation
• Saturation point
The changing of a vapor into a
liquid is called
• Saturation point
• Dew point
• Evaporation
• Condensation
The changing of a vapor into a
liquid is called
• Saturation point
• Dew point
• Evaporation
• Condensation
The amount of water vapor the air
can hold depends on the air
temperature. At higher
temperatures the air
• Is saturated
• Holds water at dew point
• Holds less water
• Can hold more water
The amount of water vapor the air
can hold depends on the air
temperature. At higher
temperatures the air
• Is saturated
• Holds water at dew point
• Holds less water
• Can hold more water
The temperature to which air must
be cooled for saturation to occur is
called
• Relative humidity
• Dew point
• Precipitation
• Condensation point
The temperature to which air must
be cooled for saturation to occur is
called
• Relative humidity
• Dew point
• Precipitation
• Condensation point
The limit at which the air contains
as much moisture as it can hold for
a given temperature is called
• Dew point
• Saturation
• Evaporation point
• Sublimation point
The limit at which the air contains
as much moisture as it can hold for
a given temperature is called
• Dew point
• Saturation
• Evaporation point
• Sublimation point
We feel uncomfortably warm on a
muggy day because water
molecules are
• Jostling about
• Preventing evaporation from our body
• Condensing on our skin
• Evaporating from out body
We feel uncomfortably warm on a
muggy day because water
molecules are
• Jostling about
• Preventing evaporation from our body
• Condensing on our skin
• Evaporating from out body
Evaporation of rain drops in the
atmosphere
• Is greatest above the polar ice caps
• Does not happen; rain always reaches the
earth
• Cools the air
• Warms the air
Evaporation of rain drops in the
atmosphere
• Is greatest above the polar ice caps
• Does not happen; rain always reaches the
earth
• Cools the air
• Warms the air
As air temperature decreases,
relative humidity
• Stays the same
• Drops
• Decreases
• Increases
As air temperature decreases,
relative humidity
• Stays the same
• Drops
• Decreases
• Increases
As air rises, it
• Compresses and cools
• Compresses and warms
• Expands and cools
• Expands and warms
As air rises, it
• Compresses and cools
• Compresses and warms
• Expands and cools
• Expands and warms
We are warmed by condensation
because water molecules in the air
that strike our bodies
• Gain kinetic energy as they change state
• Transfer kinetic energy to us
• Form an insulating layer on our bodies
• None of these
We are warmed by condensation
because water molecules in the air
that strike our bodies
• Gain kinetic energy as they change state
• Transfer kinetic energy to us
• Form an insulating layer on our bodies
• None of these
Warm air rises and cools as it
expands. Warm air will continue to
rise as long as it is
• Snowing
• Warmer and more dense than the air
above
• Warmer and less dense than the
surrounding air
• Denser than the surrounding air
Warm air rises and cools as it
expands. Warm air will continue to
rise as long as it is
• Snowing
• Warmer and more dense than the air
above
• Warmer and less dense than the
surrounding air
• Denser than the surrounding air
An air parcel expands and cools, or
compresses and warms, with no
interchange of heat with its
surroundings, the situation is called
• An adiabatic process
• Temperature equilibrium
• Lapse rate
• Stable equilibrium
An air parcel expands and cools, or
compresses and warms, with no
interchange of heat with its
surroundings, the situation is called
• An adiabatic process
• Temperature equilibrium
• Lapse rate
• Stable equilibrium
When a volume of air is
compressed, its temperature
• Decreases
• Increases
• Both
• None of these
When a volume of air is
compressed, its temperature
• Decreases
• Increases
• Both
• None of these
A drop in pressure is an indication
of
• Sunny skies and clear weather
• Adiabetic warming
• Cloudy weather
• None of these
A drop in pressure is an indication
of
• Sunny skies and clear weather
• Adiabetic warming
• Cloudy weather
• None of these
A rise in pressure indicates
• Adiabatic warming
• Cloudy weather
• Sunny skies and clear weather
• None of these
A rise in pressure indicates
• Adiabatic warming
• Cloudy weather
• Sunny skies and clear weather
• None of these
Clouds occur when moist air is
cooled by
• Compression when it rises
• Expansion when it rises
• Expansion when it falls
• Compression when it falls
Clouds occur when moist air is
cooled by
• Compression when it rises
• Expansion when it rises
• Expansion when it falls
• Compression when it falls
Warm humid air is characteristic of
a
• Continental polar air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
Warm humid air is characteristic of
a
• Continental polar air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
When an air mass is pushed
upward over an obstacle, it
undergoes
• Orographical lifting
• Convectional lifting
• Adiabatic lifting
• Frontal lifting
When an air mass is pushed
upward over an obstacle, it
undergoes
• Orographical lifting
• Convectional lifting
• Adiabatic lifting
• Frontal lifting
An air mass with circulatory motion
is called
• Frontal
• Adiabatic
• Orographic
• Convectional
An air mass with circulatory motion
is called
• Frontal
• Adiabatic
• Orographic
• Convectional
Atmspheric lifting resulting from
the convergence of 2 different air
masses is called
• Orographic lifting
• Convectional lifting
• Frontal lifting
• Adiabatic lifting
Atmspheric lifting resulting from
the convergence of 2 different air
masses is called
• Orographic lifting
• Convectional lifting
• Frontal lifting
• Adiabatic lifting
When a cold air mass moves into a
region occupied by a warm air
mass, the contact zone is called
• A warm front
• A cold front
• An occluded front
• A stationary front
When a cold air mass moves into a
region occupied by a warm air
mass, the contact zone is called
• A warm front
• A cold front
• An occluded front
• A stationary front
When a warm air mass moves into
a region occupied by a cold air
mass, the contact zone is called
• A warm front
• A cold front
• An occluded front
• A stationary front
When a warm air mass moves into
a region occupied by a cold air
mass, the contact zone is called
• A warm front
• A cold front
• An occluded front
• A stationary front
Lower temperatures can be
expected
• Ahead of an advancing cold front
• Behind an advancing cold front
• Behind a stationary warm front
• Behind an advancing warm front
Lower temperatures can be
expected
• Ahead of an advancing cold front
• Behind an advancing cold front
• Behind a stationary warm front
• Behind an advancing warm front
Towering cumulonimbus clouds are
a common feature in regions where
moist unstable air is heated from
below. Such clouds are produced
by
• Frontal lifting
• Orographic lifting
• Convectional lifting
• None of these
Towering cumulonimbus clouds are
a common feature in regions where
moist unstable air is heated from
below. Such clouds are produced
by
• Frontal lifting
• Orographic lifting
• Convectional lifting
• None of these
If a cool dry day was followed by a
warm humid day, you might expect
the air masses to have been
• Continental polar and maritime tropical
• Continental tropical and continental polar
• Maritime tropical and continental polar
• Maritime polar and maritime tropical
If a cool dry day was followed by a
warm humid day, you might expect
the air masses to have been
• Continental polar and maritime tropical
• Continental tropical and continental polar
• Maritime tropical and continental polar
• Maritime polar and maritime tropical
Daily afternoon thunderstorms
along the Gulf coast are most likely
caused by a
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
• Continental polar air mass
Daily afternoon thunderstorms
along the Gulf coast are most likely
caused by a
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
• Continental polar air mass
Drought conditions and high
temperatures over the Great Plains
are most likely caused by a
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
• Continental polar air mass
Drought conditions and high
temperatures over the Great Plains
are most likely caused by a
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
• Continental polar air mass
Cold damp weather along the
eastern coast of the United States
is most likely caused by a
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
• Continental polar air mass
Cold damp weather along the
eastern coast of the United States
is most likely caused by a
• Maritime tropical air mass
• Maritime polar air mass
• Continental tropical air mass
• Continental polar air mass
When a funnel cloud touches the
ground, it becomes a
• Cyclone
• Tornado
• Hurricane
• Thunderstorm
When a funnel cloud touches the
ground, it becomes a
• Cyclone
• Tornado
• Hurricane
• Thunderstorm
Hurricanes are generated
• In tropical areas
• As moist thermal winds converge in
tropical storms
• From tropical storms with high levels of
moisture and thermal energy
• By all of these
Hurricanes are generated
• In tropical areas
• As moist thermal winds converge in
tropical storms
• From tropical storms with high levels of
moisture and thermal energy
• By all of these
Lightning occurs as water droplets
become electrically charged.
Energy that is positively charged is
found
• Throughout the cloud
• Surrounding the cloud
• At the top of the cloud
• At the base of the cloud
Lightning occurs as water droplets
become electrically charged.
Energy that is positively charged is
found
• Throughout the cloud
• Surrounding the cloud
• At the top of the cloud
• At the base of the cloud
The fundamental source of energy
released by a tropical hurricane
come from
• The Sun
• Warm moist air
• The convergence of maritime polar and
maritime tropical air masses
• The trade winds
The fundamental source of energy
released by a tropical hurricane
come from
• The Sun
• Warm moist air
• The convergence of maritime polar and
maritime tropical air masses
• The trade winds
The atmospheric condition at a
particular location moment in time
is called
• Climate
• Weather
• Average temperature
• Average precipitation level
The atmospheric condition at a
particular location moment in time
is called
• Climate
• Weather
• Average temperature
• Average precipitation level
In general, warm days are
associated with
• Summer storms
• Low surface pressure
• High surface pressure
• Negative change in pressure gradient
In general, warm days are
associated with
• Summer storms
• Low surface pressure
• High surface pressure
• Negative change in pressure gradient
All of the Earth’s weather occurs in
the
• Lower levels of the atmosphere
• Troposphere
• Troposphere and stratosphere
• Tropopause
All of the Earth’s weather occurs in
the
• Lower levels of the atmosphere
• Troposphere
• Troposphere and stratosphere
• Tropopause
Which of the following has the
greatest impact on generating
waves in the ocean
• The movement of sea life causes
disturbances in the water
• The density differences of the water due
to the ocean’s salinity
• Magma at ocean ridges causing the warm
water to rise and cool water to sink
• Friction with the wind at the surface of the
ocean
Which of the following has the
greatest impact on generating
waves in the ocean
• The movement of sea life causes
disturbances in the water
• The density differences of the water due
to the ocean’s salinity
• Magma at ocean ridges causing the warm
water to rise and cool water to sink
• Friction with the wind at the surface of the
ocean