Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Pertemuan 2

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Transcript Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Pertemuan 2

James A. Senn’s Information Technology, 3 rd Edition

Chapter 2

Essentials of Computing

Objectives •

Mengidentifikasi 5 komponen sistem komputer.

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Menerangkan 4 kategori hardware dan fungsi fungsinya.

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Mendiskusikan hubungan antara hardware dan software.

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Membedakan antara sistem operasi dan program aplikasi.

Objectives (Continued) •

Mengidentifikasi 10 tipe paket software.

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Menerangkan 4 komponen informasi.

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Mengerti perbedaan antara pengguna teknologi informasi dan profesi teknologi informsi.

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Menentukan 4 tipa prosedur dalam sistem komputer.

Objectives (Continued) •

Menerangkan perbedaan antara sistem single user dan multi user.

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Daftar dari 13 informasi-pemrosesan aktivitas yang digabungkan dengan 5 fungsi penanganan informasi dari teknologi informasi.

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Definition

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Computer: Sistem elektronik yang dapat diinstruksikan untuk menerima, proses, penyimpanan dan memberikan informasi.

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Computer System: Komputer dan semua hardware yang terhubung dengannya.

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Hardware Programs

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Information People Procedures

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Definition (Continued)

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Hardware

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Hardware (computer hardware or devices): Komputer dan kumpulan peralatannya.

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Input devices Processors

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Output devices Secondary storage devices

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Hardware (Continued)

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Hardware (Continued)

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Input Devices

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Input: Data atau informasi yang dimasukkan kedalam komputer atau proses memasukkan data atau informasi kedalam komputer untuk proses, penyimpanan dan pengambilan atau transmisi.

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Keyboards Point-of-sale terminals Mouse Image scanners

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Bar code scanners and wands Microphones Prerecorded sources

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Input Devices (Continued)

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Bar Code: Kode yang dapat dibaca komputer yang berisi batang-batang atau baris-baris yang bervariasi lebar dan panjangnya.

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Wand: Peralatan input yang digunakan untuk membaca bar code dan memasukkan informasi ini secara langsung kedalam komputer.

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Multimedia: Sistem yang berisi tambahan-tambahan PC standard tetapi juga mempunyak kemampuan untuk menangani audio, video, animasi dan grafik.

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

The Processor

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Processor/Central Processing Unit (CPU):

Kumpulan sirkuit elektronik yang membentuk tindakan proses komputer.

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Microprocessor: Tipe terkecil prosesor, dimana semua kemampuan proses control unit dan ALU diletakkan pada single chip.

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Chip: Kumpulan komponen elektronik yang sangat kecil,

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

The Processor (Continued)

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System Board (Mother Board): Sistem unit dalam microcomputer, diletakkan pada dasar basis komputer.

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Primary Storage (Main Memory): Penyimpanan dalam komputernya sendiri. Primary memory menyimpan data hanya sementara, sebagai instruksi yang dieksekusi.

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Output Devices

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Output: Hasil input dan pemrosesan data dan informasi yang dikembalikan oleh komputer, secara langsung ke orang yang menggunakan sistem atau ke secondary storage.

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Control a printer Direct a display

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Control another device Generate sounds Initiate transmission of information

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Secondary Storage Devices

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Secondary Storage (Auxiliary Storage): Media penyimpanan yang berada diluar komputer, tetapi dapat dibaca oleh komputer.

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Diskettes Zip Disks

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Hard Disks Optical Disks Magnetic Tape

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Secondary Storage Devices (Continued)

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Magnetic Disks: Umumnya terdiri 2 tipe disk penyimpanan: flexible/floppy disk dan hard disk.

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Zip Disks: Serupa dengan disket, tetapi dibungkus dalam tempat plastik keras. Disk ini dapat disimpan 70 s/d 175 kali dan dapat disimpan dan mengambil data lebih cepat dari disket.

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Read Only: Tipe disk yang informasi dapat dibaca dari tetapi tidak ditulis. A

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Secondary Storage Devices (Continued)

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CD-ROM disk:

Short for “compact disk – read only memory,” an optical storage medium that permits storage of large amounts of information. CD-ROM disks can only be written to and cannot be erased.

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Drive: The device containing a secondary storage medium’s read/write unit.

Hardware: Computing, Storing and Communication

Peripheral Equipment

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Peripheral Equipment: A general term used for any device that is attached to a computer system.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Definition

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Software: The general term for a set of instructions that controls a computer or a communications network.

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Program: A set of instructions that directs a computer to perform certain tasks and produce certain results.

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Communication Program: A program that manages the interaction between a computer system and a communications network and the transmission of data, programs, and information over the network.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Definition (Continued)

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Operating System: A combination of programs that coordinates the actions of a computer, including its peripheral devices and memory. For example, DOS (Disk Operating System), and Windows.

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Graphic User Interface (GUI): A link to an operating system that allows users to use icons rather than command words to start processing.

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Interface: The means by which a person interacts with a computer.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Packages

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Software Package: An application that focuses on a particular subject, such as word processing, and is sold to businesses and the general public.

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Documentation: An instruction manual that accompanies software. Also, a technical, detailed written description of the specific facts of a program.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Packages (Continued)

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Spreadsheet: A table of columns and rows used by people responsible for tracking revenues, expenses, profits, and losses.

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Word-processing (WP) Program: A program that allows the user to enter, change (edit), move, store, and print text information.

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Desktop Publishing (DTP) Program: A program that combines text and image-handling features with document-design capabilities.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Packages

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Graphics Presentation Program: A program that translates data into visual representations using charts, graphs, and map.

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Photo Editing Program: A program used to touch up, remove, or add features to a digital version of photographs.

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Illustration Program: A program in which the computer screen becomes a drawing board on which artists translate their ideas into visual form.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Packages (Continued)

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Database Management Program: A program that makes it possible for users to manage the data in ways that increase accessibility and productivity.

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Database: A collection of data and information describing items of interest to an organization.

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Browser: Client computer program designed to locate and display information on the World Wide Web.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Packages (Continued)

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Information System or Management Information System

(MIS): A business information system designed to produce the information needed for successful management of a structured problem, process, department, or business.

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Transaction Processing: A shared business information system that uses a combination of information technology and manual procedures to process data and information and to manage transactions.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Packages (Continued)

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Computer Programming Language: A series of commands or codes that a computer can translate into the electronic pulses that underlie all computing activities.

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Utility Program (Utilities): Special programs used to perform tasks that occur repeatedly using processing.

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Custom Software: Software written specially for a particular business.

Programs: In Charge of the Hardware

Software Trends

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Software Trends

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Greater use of prewritten software packages.

Greater user of prewritten components.

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Object-oriented Programming: Software development combining data and procedures into a single object.

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Object: A component that contains data about itself and how it is to be processed.

Information: The Reason for Using Information Technology

Definition

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Information: An organized, meaningful, and useful interpretation of data.

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Data Text

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Sound Images

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Data: Raw facts, figures, and details.

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Spoken Information: Information that is conveyed by sound.

Information: The Reason for Using Information Technology

Definition (Continued)

People: Users and Creators of IT Applications

Users

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User (End User): The people who uses IT in their jobs or personal lives.

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Hands-on users Indirect end users

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User managers Senior managers

• People: Users and Creators of IT Applications

Information Technology Professionals

Information Technology Professional: A person who is responsible for acquiring, developing, maintaining, or operating the hardware associated with computers and communications networks.

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Programmers Systems Analysts

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System Designers Web Designers Project Managers

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Network Specialists Trainers Computer Operators

People: Users and Creators of IT Applications

Information Technology Professionals (Continued)

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Programmer/Analyst: A person who has joint responsibility for determining system requirements and developing and implementing the systems.

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Data Center (Computer Center): A facility at which large and midrange computer systems are located. These systems are shared by many users who are interconnected with the system through communications links.

People: Users and Creators of IT Applications

Information Technology Professionals (Continued)

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Computer Engineer: An IT professional who designs, develops, and oversees the manufacturing of computer equipment.

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Systems Engineer: An IT professional who installs and maintains hardware.

Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT

Procedures

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Procedure: A step-by-step process or a set of instructions for accomplishing specific results.

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Operations Backup and Recovery

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Security Development

Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT

Procedures (Continued)

Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT

Procedures (Continued)

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Operations Procedure: A procedure that describes how a computer system or application is used, how often it can be used, who is authorized to use it, and where the results of processing should go.

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Backup Procedure: A procedure that describes how and when to make extra copies of information or software to protect against losses.

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Recovery Procedure: An action taken when information or software must be restored.

Procedures: Processes to Use and Maintain IT

Procedures (Continued)

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Security Procedure: A procedure designed to safeguard data centers, communications networks, computers, and other IT components from accidental intrusion or intentional damage.

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Security Software: Software that is designed to protect systems and data.

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Development Procedure: A procedure that explains how IT professionals should describe user needs and develop applications to meet those needs.

An Introduction to Systems

Definition

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System: A set of components that interact to accomplish a purpose.

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Single-User System (Personal Computer): An IT system used by only one person. A system that stands alone and is not interconnected with other companies or shared by other people.

An Introduction to Systems

Definition (Continued)

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Multi-user System: A communication system in which more than one user share hardware, programs, information, people, and procedures.

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To share a computer To share hardware

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To share software To share information To share communications

Information Processing

Information Processing Activities Associated with Information-handling Functions

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Capture

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Input

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Upload/Download

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Uploading: The process by which information is sent from a PC to a mainframe.

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Downloading: The transfer of information from a central system to a desktop computer.

Information Processing

Information Processing Activities Associated with Information-handling Functions (Continued)

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Processing

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Compute Update

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Batch Processing: The grouping and processing of all transactions at one time.

Real-time Processing: The processing of each transaction as it occurs.

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Classify Sort Summarize

Information Processing

Information Processing Activities Associated with Information-handling Functions (Continued)

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Generate

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Output

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Issue

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Storage and Retrieval

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Inquire

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Store Retrieve

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Transmit