Transcript Soyuz at the CSG: a focus on the manned flight option

Soyuz at the CSG: 2011, year of
the launch
ESA | Directorate of Launchers
AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA
2011
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Introduction
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 2
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Introduction
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European launcher strategy is founded on the principle of a guaranteed access to space.
Soyuz, a medium-class launcher whose performance perfectly complements that of
ESA’s developed launchers, Ariane 5 and Vega, shall contribute to the competitiveness
and flexibility of the exploitation of the launchers operated by Arianespace from the
CSG, Europe’s spaceport.
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From the international cooperation perspective, Soyuz at the CSG constitutes a
milestone in the strengthening of the long-term partnership between Europe and the
Federation of Russia in the field of launchers.
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The Soyuz at the CSG programme covers the construction of the Soyuz launch complex
at the CSG and the adaptation of the Soyuz launcher for its exploitation from the CSG.
In addition, the programme covers activities related to the development of a new
version of the Soyuz launcher, the Soyuz 2-1b.
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To ensure that Soyuz would be able to carry out manned missions from CSG, a detailed
study was performed and the new launch complex infrastructure was designed so that it
can be smoothly adapted for human spaceflight, as and when such decision is taken.
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Soyuz at the CSG is implemented in the form of an ESA optional programme. The overall
cost of the execution, amounting to €467.9 million at 2002 e.c., is shared between 7
ESA Participating States (€341.9 million), Arianespace (€121 million) and the European
Union that contributes the remaining part.
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Programme organisation
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Programme organisation
During the development phase:
– ESA, as procuring entity for which the Soyuz at the CSG launch system (i.e. an
adapted launcher and the related launch complex) is developed, leads such system
development and concludes with the prime contractor the development contract.
– CNES, the French Space Agency, is the system architect and prime contractor. As
system architect, CNES is responsible for ensuring the overall coherence of the design
requirements with regard to the CSG launch range. In addition, CNES is also the entity
entrusted by the French Government with a safety and security mission consisting in
the control of the technical risks associated with the preparations for and the conduct
of launches from the CSG.
– Arianespace, under CNES contract, is responsible for the procurement of all Russian
activities through the Russian Federal Space Agency, which acts as prime supplier.
– Roscosmos, the Russian Federal Space Agency, is responsible for all Russian activities
and is the qualification authority for the launcher system. The main Russian industrial
partners include: TsSKB, Soyuz general designer; NPO Lavotchkine, Fregat upper
stage designer; and TsENKI-NIISK, ground segment general designer.
During the exploitation phase:
– Arianespace, in his role of launch service provider, is the entity responsible for the
exploitation of launchers operated from the CSG, under terms and conditions defined
in specific arrangements concluded with ESA.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 5
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CSG, Europe’s spaceport
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CSG, Europe’s spaceport
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European launchers lift off from the CSG, Kourou, in French Guiana. The CSG origins
date back to the 1960s. In 1964 the French Government chose Kourou, out of 14 other
sites, as a base from which to launch its satellites. The CSG is operational since 1968.
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When ESA came into being in 1975, the French Government offered to share the CSG
with ESA. For its part, ESA approved funding to prepare the spaceport for the Ariane
launchers under development. Since then, ESA has continued to support the
investments required to maintain the top level services provided by the spaceport and to
finance new facilities. ESA owns the infrastructure for the Ariane 5, Vega and Soyuz
launches. The Ariane 5 launch complex is operational since 1996.
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The CSG lies at latitude 5°3', just over 500 km north of the equator, and it offers a
launch angle of 102°, thus enabling a wide range of missions from east to north.
Furthermore, there is no significant risk of cyclones or earthquakes. Because of its ideal
situation, it allows to carry out all possible missions.
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Due to the geographic location, Soyuz from the CSG will have improved performance
(+50%) and will be able to place up to 3 tonnes into geostationary transfer orbit, when
compared to the 2 tonnes that can be launched from Baikonur in Kazakhstan.
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Launcher adaptation
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Launcher adaptation
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Two different versions of the upgraded Soyuz-ST launcher shall be operated
by Arianespace from the CSG: the Soyuz-2-1a and the Soyuz-2-1b. Both
versions are fitted with a restartable Fregat upper stage and an enlarged ST
fairing (4.1-m diameter and 11.4-m length) thus offering improved mission
flexibility. On top of that, the Soyuz-2-1b configuration introduces an
upgraded third stage engine, which significantly increases (+12%) the
launcher’s overall performance.
The adaptation of the Soyuz launcher for its exploitation at the CSG includes
measures to preserve the overall coherence within the launch range, to
conform to the safeguard regulations in force and to accommodate to French
Guiana environmental conditions.
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S-band antennas and receivers so as to adapt to the telemetry
wavebands already used for Ariane 5.
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A European Safeguard Kit (KSE) that implements the European
neutralization chain, in coherence with that used for Ariane 5.
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The boosters are adapted to sink after separation and splash-down
in the ocean, as opposed to launches from Plesetsk in Russia or
Baikonur in Kazakhstan.
The first two Soyuz-2-1a launchers and the first two Soyuz-2-1b launchers
arrived in French Guiana in November 2009 and in June 2011, respectively.
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Soyuz launch complex
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 10
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Soyuz launch complex
The decision on the location took into consideration a
number of parameters (among which the availability of
a homogeneous granitic ground) as well as operational,
flight safeguard and security considerations. 13 km NW
of the Ariane 5 launch complex, the ELS comprises:
1.The launch zone, with its 5-level launch platform, is
almost identical to the other Soyuz launch sites in
Plesetsk or Baikonur. The most visible difference is a
mobile gantry (as opposed to a fix tower), which
provides a protected environment as at CSG payloads
are installed on the launcher vertically.
2.The preparation and integration building (MIK),
where all stages are prepared and Soyuz is assembled
horizontally. The MIK and the launch zone are linked by
a railway allowing the transfer of the launcher to its
launch pad.
3.The launch control centre (CDL), which houses the
European and Russian monitoring and remote control
systems as well as the teams in charge of the final
operations before the launch.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 11
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Soyuz launch complex
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 12
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Soyuz launch complex
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ELS foundation stone was laid in February 2007,
although preliminary civil works had started in
2004. With the acceptance review of the European
infrastructure in October 2008, the assets were
formally delivered to ESA and subsequently handed
over to CNES for technical qualification.
The first Russian-built equipment and Russian staff
arrived in French Guiana in mid-2008 to undertake
the assembling of the launch table, mobile gantry,
fuelling systems and test benches. In that same
year, the manufacturing of the beams of the mobile
gantry’s metallic structure was initiated.
Technical and organizational issues delayed the
arrival in French Guiana of the first elements of the
mobile gantry’s structure until the last quarter of
2009 –with a significant impact in the programme
planning. After completion of the structure assembly
in the first half of 2010, integration of European
systems could finally start in June of the same year,
and provisional acceptance of the equipped mobile
gantry was pronounced in the end of March 2011.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 13
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Technical qualification
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Leaded by CNES, and performed along with its
European and Russian partners, the technical
qualification started in May 2010. It was
composed of a number of test campaigns,
which thoroughly covered all mechanical, fluid,
propellant, utility and mobile gantry systems,
in view of demonstrating their conformity to
the specified functionality.
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The acceptance review took place from 28 to
30 March 2011, and concluded with the
declaration by ESA, upon CNES proposal, of
the technical qualification of the ELS, by which
CNES formally delivered the facilities and the
qualification file to ESA.
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For its part, ESA formally handed the ELS over
to Arianespace on 31 March 2011, thus
marking the start of the operational
qualification phase.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 14
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Operational qualification
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Leaded by Arianespace, and performed along with
its European and Russian partners, the operational
qualification started in April 2010. A launch
rehearsal ensured that the launcher and the new
launch complex facilities worked together perfectly,
and trained the operational teams under realistic
launch campaign conditions, including:
the preparation of the launcher and Fregat stages in
the MIK
the integration of the upper composite in the S3B
preparation building
the launcher’s transfer to the launch zone, its erection
into the vertical position and its installation on the pad
the upper composite’s transfer to the launch zone, and
its hoisting onto the top of the launcher
the testing of ground and launcher interfaces, including
those in connection with the launch range and
downrange stations
The acceptance review took place on 15 and 16
June 2011.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 15
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Qualification of the launch system
and preparation of the first launch
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According to the rationale established by the programme management rules, the
qualification of the Soyuz at the CSG launch system is to be declared in two stages:
1. A first stage, before the first launch, by which it is authorized the transfer of the launcher
and upper composite to the launch zone to proceed to the final operations and launch.
Qualification Commission n. 1 is scheduled in the beginning of September 2011.
2. A second stage, after the first launch and the exploitation of the associated data, by which
it is authorized the final handover of the Soyuz launch complex to Arianespace, in his role
of launch service provider, thus marking the start of the exploitation phase.
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The launch campaign is scheduled to develop as of August 2011 for a first launch in the
third quarter of the year. The current target is to have a first launch on 20 October 2011
placing two IOV Galileo satellites on their operational orbit.
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A specific working group involving Russian party, Arianespace, CNES an ESA is performing
a complete final check-out of the last sensitive topics related to safeguard. Final
conclusions are expected to be delivered by the end of August 2011.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 16
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Conclusions
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Soyuz at the CSG constitutes a milestone in the strengthening of the longterm partnership between Europe and the Federation of Russia in the field of
launchers. Soyuz at the CSG perfectly complements the heavy-lift Ariane 5
launcher and the small Vega launcher, thus contributing to consolidate
Europe’s access to space for medium-size missions.
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Technical qualification of the Soyuz launch complex was declared on 31
March 2011.
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Operational qualification of the Soyuz launch complex included a launch
campaign rehearsal ensuring that the launcher and the new launch complex
facilities worked together perfectly and training the operational teams under
realistic conditions. The acceptance review took place on 15 and 16 June
2011.
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The Soyuz launch complex is now ready for the first launch campaign, in view
of a first flight scheduled in the third quarter of 2011.
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 17
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Thank you
Didier Coulon - Soyuz at the CSG Programme Manager
Maria Morodo Testa - Soyuz at the CSG Qualification System Engineer
Stephane Corvaja - Still Visual Producer
Soyuz at the CSG | ESA | Directorate of Launchers | AIAA STTC, San Diego, USA | 2011 | Slide 18
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