“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley  Shelley wrote this as a Romantic, English expatriate, living in Italy. He wanted to feel connected to the powerful social movement.  He belonged to a philosophical movement called neo-Platonism.

 Basically there is an ideal world existing.  There is an over soul, source of our being that we are all connected to.

Form: “Ode to the West Wind”

 Ode: lyrical stanza of praise  Terza Rima (like the Divine Comedy)  ABA BCB CDC DED EE  Generally iambic pentameter  This poem is also in poetic chapters, called Cantos (like DC)  Play on the sonnet form within cantos  14 lines  4 tercets and a couplet instead of 3 quatrains and a couplet

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

What poetic devices to you notice?

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I O wild West Wind

, thou breath of Autumn's being, Thou, from whose unseen

presence the leaves dead Are driven

,

like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing

,

Apostrophe, Personification , Enjambment , Simile What is the effect?

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I

O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn's being, Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing,

The West Wind has power: power to move.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes

: O thou, Who chariotest to their

dark wintry bed As the “breath of Autumn’s being” the WW moves the ominous dead leaves.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley The wingèd seeds, where they lie

cold and low

, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

Like “hectic red” in the previous stanza, “cold and low” has a musical sound due to assonance .

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley The wingèd seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow

The West Wind brings seeds to place, but they must be in the grave “like corpses” (simile) until azure Spring .

Note colors: Winter- yellow, black, hectic red. Spring- blue

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill:

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!

Spring will see a rejuvenation period.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill:

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!

This invocation to hear (apostrophe) calls WW “Destroyer and Preserver”. How does this work?

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odours plain and hill:

Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!

The WW banishes winter, but prepares for spring. How might this relate to Shelley?

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

II

Thou on whose stream, 'mid the steep sky's commotion, Loose clouds like Earth's decaying leaves are shed, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean,

The speaker compares the West Wind’s clouds to dead leaves in a stream.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine airy surge

, Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zenith's height, The locks of the approaching storm. Thou dirge

A storm is brewing…

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine airy surge,

Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zenith's height, The locks of the approaching storm

. Thou dirge

A Maenad is a mythical, wild haired participant in the cult of Dionysus. What is the effect of this simile?

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly Angels of rain and lightning: there are spread On the blue surface of thine airy surge,

Like the bright hair uplifted from the head Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge Of the horizon to the zenith's height, The locks of the approaching storm

.

Thou dirge The storm is wild and all encompassing with a center.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

Of the dying year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre Vaulted with all thy congregated might

Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: O hear!

The speaker calls the WW a dirge (funeral song) and says that the storm will be the tomb to the dying year (metaphor and imagery)

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly Of the dying year, to which this closing night Will be the dome of a vast sepulchre Vaulted with all thy congregated might

Of vapours, from whose solid atmosphere Black rain, and fire, and hail will burst: O hear!

Another invocation, this time associated with black rain and fire and hail.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

III

Thou who didst waken from his summer dreams The blue Mediterranean, where he lay, Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams, Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay, And saw in sleep old palaces and towers Quivering within the wave's intenser day,

WW also has power to wake the Mediterranean and Baisae’s bay who dream about the past (personification)

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly All overgrown with azure moss and flowers So sweet, the sense faints picturing them! Thou For whose path the

Atlantic's level powers Cleave themselves into chasms

, while far below The

sea-blooms and the oozy woods

which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean, know

WW even moves the Atlantic. Also, notice more assonance.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly Thy voice, and

suddenly grow grey with fear, And tremble and despoil themselves

: O hear!

Invocation of the WW who is so powerful that it frightens the ocean life who in turn hurt themselves trembling.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

IV If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee; A wave to pant beneath thy power, and share The speaker wishes to be a dead leaf or cloud so that the WW could move him.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

The impulse of thy strength, only less free Than thou, O Uncontrollable! If even I were as in my boyhood, and could be The comrade of thy wanderings over Heaven, As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speed Scarce seemed a vision

; I would ne'er have striven

He would settle for his boyhood belief that he could companion and outrun the WW

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.

Oh! lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!

I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!

A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.

Time has weighed him down and slowed him down, but not broken his spirit.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

V Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own!

The tumult of thy mighty harmonies Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, Sweet though in sadness

.

Be thou, Spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!

The speaker asks to be WW’s instrument (metaphor) or even come into the speaker entirely.

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like withered leaves to quicken a new birth!

And, by the incantation of this verse,

His thoughts may only be fertilizer or decomposing leaves (simile), but they can “quicken a new birth”

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly

Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!

Be through my lips to unawakened Earth

The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

I may be run down to “ashes and sparks” but they can still start a fire!

“Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelly Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!

Be through my lips to unawakened Earth

The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?

Change must be coming…

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

     Inspired by the ruins of a statue of Egyptian Pharaoh, Ramses II (AKA Ozymandias)  Ramses II challenged anyone to surpass him in greatness. Napoleon tried to get it in the 1790s, but it weighed too much (7.5 tons) The British museum acquired it in 1817 Shelley and a friend (Horace Smith) had a little sonnet competition with it as the subject. The poem looks at what happens to tyrants and despotic rulers.

“Ozymandias” by Percy B. Shelley

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley



Form: Modified Petrarchan Sonnet



14 lines



Octave-Sestet Structure



Variation comes in rhyme scheme and meter

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I met a traveller from an

antique land

, Who said—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand, Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;

Sets the scene that this statue is from antiquity.

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I met a traveller from an antique land, Who said

—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand, Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command

, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed;

All that is left of him now: legs and an eerily accurate facial expression.

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

I met a traveller from an antique land, Who said—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand, Half sunk a shattered visage lies

, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command

, Tell that

fed

;

its sculptor well those passions read

Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,

The hand that mocked them, and the heart that The sculptor may have been able to tell something about the Pharaoh that even he didn’t know.

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

And on the pedestal, these words appear:

My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!

Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.”

Inscription: Irony

“Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

And on the pedestal, these words appear: My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!

Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.” Not only has the statue decayed, there is also complete abandonment and isolation. (Alliteration adds to this effect)

Journal Prompt for Gilgamesh Reading Log

 How does the poem “Ozymandias” relate to Gilgamesh?

 How does this poem relate to Gilgamesh’s story?

 How is this poem a rebuttal of Gilgamesh’s speech at the end of The Epic of Gilgamesh?