Clinical Leadership Skills - American Association of Critical
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Transcript Clinical Leadership Skills - American Association of Critical
Susan Pettorini-D’Amico, DNP, RN
There
is a shortage of nurses which has led to a
shortage of nurse leaders
There is also a lack of nurse leadership
development programs which affects
leadership succession
The Institute of Medicine report (2011) has
identified nurse leadership as important in
realizing health care reform and calls for nurse
leadership programs to be developed and
used
Nurse residency programs can be used to
develop clinical leadership skills
To
measure the ability of a residency
program to impart clinical leadership
skills to nurse residents
Nurse residents should have clinical
leadership skills taught to successfully
build the next generation of nurse
leaders
Clinical leadership skills can be further
developed into administrative leadership
skills thus addressing succession
Patricia
Benner’s Model of Novice to Expert
(1984)
Dreyfus model of skill acquisition
Five levels of skill attainment: novice,
advanced beginner, competent, proficient,
expert
Expertise develops as nurses progress through
these stages
Nurse residents can been seen as students
progressing through these same stages
The
nurse resident is an advanced beginner
Through
clinical rotations and classroom
content, the resident advances to a competent
practitioner
Measuring
acquisition of the leadership topics
can show that clinical leadership skills have
been taught
Theoretical Diagram
What
is the effect of a nurse residency
program on clinical leadership skills
acquisition in the new nurse resident?
Purpose
of the program: To aid the nurse
resident in completing the transition from an
advanced beginner to competent nurse
Goals include improving the resident’s ability
to think critically, manage patient outcomes
and provide clinical leadership at the point of
care
Curriculum focuses on three main topics:
Patient Outcomes, Professional Roles and
Leadership
Patient
Care Delivery and Resource
Management
Communication
Conflict
Resolution
Organization
of data
A non-equivalent comparison group
posttest research design was used to
examine the relationship between the
independent and dependant variable
Independent Variable: The UHC/AACN
Nurse Residency Program
Dependant Variable: Clinical leadership
skills acquisition in nurse residents
A
1500 bed tertiary medical center with
two campuses (one which used the
UHC/AACN residency program, one
which did not)
York Street campus: UHC/AACN
residency program used
Chapel Street campus: No formal
program used
Power
analysis: 102 subjects needed (power
0.80, effect size 0.5, alpha 0.05). Final sample:
40 (underpowered)
Inclusion criteria for York Street campus was
only those nurses who have completed the
UHC/AACN residency program.
Inclusion criteria for Chapel Street campus
was any nurse who completed one year as a
new nurse graduate in the hospital
Excluded from the study was any nurse
resident or graduate who did not complete one
year of employment at either institution
York Street: UHC/AACN Program
Year long program
Chapel Street: No formal program
Three months precepted clinical time
Nine months precepted clinical time
Three months independent clinical
practice
Monthly classroom content for one
year: Patient Outcomes, Professional
roles, Leadership
Evidenced-based research project
Monthly meeting for about 3 months
Peer to peer support
Clinical
Leadership Survey
Developed by Patrick, Laschinger, Wong
and Finegan (2011)
Measures for clinical leadership skills at
the point of care
Psychometric testing: Confirmatory
factor analysis on each item. Content
validity index of 85%. Reliability
coefficient equaled 0.86
Sacred
Heart IRB and Yale Human
Investigative Committee approval
Recruitment
via flyers in work areas and
at nursing leadership meetings
Survey
monkey site for survey access
Final
number of surveys in data set: 44
Number
York
used in data analysis: 40
Street: n=14
Chapel
Study
Street: n=26
underpowered
Characteristic
Frequency
Percentage
Gender
Female
Male
25
1
96.0
4.0
Ethnicity
Caucasian
Asian
Other
24
1
1
92.0
3.0
3.0
9
17
34.6
65.4
Nursing a second career
Yes
No
4
22
15.4
84.6
Age
< 25
> 25
16
10
61.5
38.5
Previous leadership
training
Yes
No
Characteristic
Frequency
Percentage
Gender
Female
Male
14
0
100.0
0.0
Ethnicity
Caucasian
Asian
Other
13
1
0
93.0
7.0
0.0
3
11
28.4
78.5
Nursing a second career
Yes
No
4
10
28.6
71.4
Age
< 25
> 25
9
5
64.2
35.7
Previous leadership
training
Yes
No
Chapel
Street Scores
Variable
Obs
Min
Max
Mean
SD
Average
26
3.647
5.000
4.468
0.330
York
Street Scores
Variable
Obs
Min
Max
Mean
SD
Average
14
3.765
5.000
4.311
0.423
.
Normal Distribution
of Chapel Street scores
Normal Distribution
of York Street scores
T-test for mean group scores
P= 0.200 (study underpowered)
Pearson’s Chi-square test
Independent Variable
P Value
Age < 25 or > 25
P =0.636
Nursing a second
career
p =0.664
Previous leadership
p =0.646
First
study to use the Clinical Leadership
Survey to attempt to measure this
concept in this population
Study not powered due to small size of
the sample
No statistical significance found between
the means of the two groups
Not possible to conclude the residency
program did not instill clinical leadership
skills
Recruitment
procedure a challenge
Homogenous nature of the sample
History, maturation and conflicting
organizational initiatives
Was leadership content of residency
program overshadowed by other
components?
Natural leadership tendency of nurses
who work at Level 1 trauma centers?
Nursing Practice: Further research to study
which residency programs are successful
in building nurse leaders in the clinical
arena
Nursing Education: Replicate study in a
broader scale to be able to inform
education about the need to build clinical
leadership skills in undergraduate
programs
Policy: Use this study as a guide to
research which residency programs are
successful in instilling clinical leadership
skills to be able to guide both practice
and education
Use
recruitment strategies to gain a larger
sample
Compare nurses at the beginning and the
end of the residency program (one group,
pre-test, post test)
Compare
Compare
different residency programs
groups of nurses without
residency programs to be able to learn best
practices
Questions and Answers