Transcript Institutions

Institutional Analysis and MAS
Amineh Ghorbani
Delft
University of
Technology
Challenge the future
Outline
• Introduction
• What are institutions?
• What is institutional analysis?
• The IAD framework
• Common pool resource management
• How we are using all this?
• Current Work
Titel van de presentatie
2
Institutions… Definitions….
• Definition used in AI:
• An institution is any structure or mechanism of social
order and cooperation governing the behavior of a set
of individuals within a given human community.
• Humanly devised constraints that structure political, economic and
social interactions.
• Institutionalized electronic organization
• An institutional economic definition:
• The set of rules actually used by a set of individuals to
organize repetitive activities that produce outcomes affecting
those individuals and potentially affecting others.
Titel van de presentatie
3
Institutional Analysis
• To (re)design institutions
• We need to understand the system
• Insitutional Analysis frameworks designed for this purpose.
• Insitutional Analysis and Design framework (IAD)
• Williamson’s four layer model
Titel van de presentatie
4
Common Pool Resource (CPR)
• A type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource
system (also commons)
• Problem of congestion or overuse (misuse?), subtractable.
• Consists of
• Stock variable (e.g. water, fish, air, internet, information…)
• Flow variable (fringe unit, can be consumed)
• CPR only exists if there are institutional arrangements, otherwise
they are just open access resources.
Titel van de presentatie
5
Common Pool Resource (CPR) &
Institutions
•Ostrom many common pool resources
observations:
• Contradict claims that CPR should be privatized or else
face destruction.
• Tragedy of the commons
• Should forget about their own economical benefits
• Almost every problem is formed around a common…
Titel van de presentatie
6
Institutional Analysis and Development
Framework (IAD)
Physical world
Community
Rules
1. Participants
Action Arena
2. Positions
Operational
1.1. Position
rules Rules
3. Actions
Collective
Choice
Action2.2.
Patterns
of
Boundary
rules
• Difference
• Physical in
and
Material
4.
Potential
Rules
Situation
interaction
3. Authority
rules
preferences
conditions
and
inequal
outcomes
4.3. Aggregation
rules resources
assets
•Constitutional
Mostly about
5. Functions that
Rules
5.• Scope
rules
Accepted
• Size
Evaluation
map actions
6. Information
rulesinto outcomes
Criteria
behavior(culture)
• Mobility
Participants
7.• Payoff
rules
Information
The• level
Availibility
of6.common
7. Cost and
understanding
• …
benefits
Outcomes
Resources, preferences, information
and selection criteria
Titel van de presentatie
7
ADICO Institutional Statements
• This decomposition for
• summarizing and analyzing institutional statements
• distinguishing between the different types
• understanding the formation and evolution of these statements.
Titel van de presentatie
8
ADICO Institutional Statements
1. Attributes: positions, roles
2. Deontic Type: obligation, prohibition, permission
3. Aim (action)
4. Condition
5. Or else
Students can use computers if they are registered in the university.
Attribute
deontic
action
condition
Titel van de presentatie
9
ADICO Institutional Statements
A student can take the X course if he has passed the exam for Y course
Attribute deontic
action
condition
or else he must register for the y course again.
Or else
Attribute
deontic
action
Or else……
Titel van de presentatie
10
ADICO Institutional Statements
Three different types of institutional statements:
1.
Regulatory Rules A D I C O
People younger than 18 are not allowed to buy cigarettes
Rules
or else they will be fined.
Shared Strategies
Norms
Titel van de presentatie
11
ADICO Institutional Statements
Three different types of institutional statements:
2. Shared Strategies
A D I C O
The person who places a phone call,
calls back when the call gets disconnected.
Shared Strategies
Rules
Norms
Titel van de presentatie
12
ADICO Institutional Statements
Three different types of institutional statements:
3. Norms
A D I C O
If you use a microwave, you must
Attribute + condition
Deontic
Norms
Clean up your own mess.
Action
Rules
Shared Strategies
Titel van de presentatie
13