Fourier transform
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Transcript Fourier transform
Dr. Abdul Basit Siddiqui
FUIEMS
Quiz
Time 30 min.
How the coefficents of Laplacian Filter are generated.
Show your complete work. Also discuss different
versions of Laplacian Filter.
Applay the 3x3 laplacian filter on the following piece of
an Image f(x,y). What will be its effect.
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Introduction
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Background (Fourier Series)
Any function that periodically repeats itself can be
expressed as the sum of sines and cosines of
different frequencies each multiplied by a different
coefficient
This sum is known as Fourier Series
It does not matter how complicated the function is;
as long as it is periodic and meet some mild
conditions it can be represented by such as a sum
It was a revolutionary discovery
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Introduction to DFT
• The Fourier Transform is an important image
processing tool which is used to decompose an
image into its sine and cosine components.
• The output of the transformation represents the
image in the Fourier or frequency domain, while
the input image is the spatial domain equivalent.
• In the Fourier domain image, each point represents
a particular frequency contained in the spatial
domain image.
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Introduction to DFT
• The Fourier Transform is used in a wide range of
applications, such as image analysis, image filtering, image
reconstruction and image compression.
• The DFT is the sampled Fourier Transform and therefore
does not contain all frequencies forming an image, but
only a set of samples which is large enough to fully
describe the spatial domain image
• The number of frequencies corresponds to the number of
pixels in the spatial domain image, i.e. the image in the
spatial and Fourier domain are of the same size.
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Background (Fourier Transform)
Even functions that are not periodic (but whose area under the
curve is finite) can be expressed as the integrals of sines and
cosines multiplied by a weighing function
This is known as Fourier Transform
A function expressed in either a Fourier Series or transform can be
reconstructed completely via an inverse process with no loss of
information
This is one of the important characteristics of these representations
because they allow us to work in the Fourier Domain and then
return to the original domain of the function
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Fourier Transform
• ‘Fourier Transform’ transforms one function into
another domain , which is called the frequency
domain representation of the original function
• The original function is often a function in the
Time domain
• In image Processing the original function is in the
Spatial Domain
• The term Fourier transform can refer to either the
Frequency domain representation of a function or
to the process/formula that "transforms" one
function into the other.
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Our Interest in Fourier Transform
• We will be dealing only with functions (images) of
finite duration so we will be interested only in Fourier
Transform
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Applications of Fourier Transforms
1-D Fourier transforms are used in Signal Processing
2-D Fourier transforms are used in Image Processing
3-D Fourier transforms are used in Computer Vision
Applications of Fourier transforms in Image processing: –
–
–
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Image enhancement,
Image restoration,
Image encoding / decoding,
Image description
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One Dimensional Fourier Transform
and its Inverse
The Fourier transform F (u) of a single variable, continuous
function f (x) is
Given F(u) we can obtain f (x) by means of the Inverse
Fourier Transform
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One Dimensional Fourier Transform
and its Inverse
The Fourier transform F (u) of a single variable, continuous
function f (x) is
Given F(u) we can obtain f (x) by means of the Inverse
Fourier Transform
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Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT)
1-D DFT for M samples is given as
The Inverse Fourier transform in 1-D is given as
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Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT)
1-D DFT for M samples is given as
The inverse Fourier transform in 1-D is given as
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Two Dimensional Fourier Transform
and its Inverse
The Fourier transform F (u,v) of a two variable, continuous
function f (x,y) is
Given F(u,v) we can obtain f (x,y) by means of the Inverse
Fourier Transform
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2-D DFT
where f(a,b) is the image in the spatial domain and the
exponential term is the basis function corresponding to each
point F(k,l) in the Fourier space
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Fourier Transform
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2-D DFT
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Image Restoration
• In many applications (e.g., satellite imaging, medical
imaging, astronomical imaging, poor-quality family
portraits) the imaging system introduces a slight
distortion
• Image Restoration attempts to reconstruct or recover
an image that has been degraded by using a priori
knowledge of the degradation phenomenon.
• Restoration techniques try to model the degradation
and then apply the inverse process in order to
recover the original image.
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Image Restoration
• Image restoration attempts to restore images that
have been degraded
– Identify the degradation process and attempt to reverse it
– Similar to image enhancement, but more objective
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A Model of the Image Degradation/
Restoration Process
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A Model of the Image Degradation/
Restoration Process
• The degradation process can be modeled as a degradation function
H that, together with an additive noise term η(x,y) operates on an
input image f(x,y) to produce a degraded image g(x,y)
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