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Transcript File - Airport Ground Transportation Association
Car-Sharing and Ride-Booking
An Introduction to the Services, Relevant Regulations, and
their Associated Challenges for Airports
Stephanie Box, Senior Consultant
Airport Ground Transportation Association Spring Meeting
April 28, 2014
Agenda
Overview of Car-Sharing and Ride-Booking Services
Regulations: State and City
Airport Challenges and Responses
Conclusions
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsharing
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Car-Sharing and Ride-Booking Services: What are they?
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Car sharing services compete with existing rental car companies
Company Owned Vehicles
Company-owned vehicle
fleets
Access to any vehicle in
fleet using key fob, access
card, or phone application
Started as short-term
(hourly) rentals
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Car sharing services compete with existing rental car companies
Company Owned Vehicles
Peer-to-Peer
Personal vehicles rented
to others
Often free airport parking
for owner
Price typically set by
vehicle owner
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Car-Sharing and Ride-Booking
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Car sharing services compete with existing rental car companies
Company Owned Vehicles
Peer-to-Peer
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Ride booking services compete with taxicabs and limousines
Company Owned Vehicles
Smartphone application
hails licensed taxicab or
limousine
Alternative to phoning a
taxicab or limousine
company
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Ride booking services compete with taxicabs and limousines
Company Owned Vehicles
Peer-to-Peer
Smartphone application
connects customer to
driver using a personal
vehicle
Often called
Transportation Network
Companies (TNCs)
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Ride booking services compete with taxicabs and limousines
Company Owned Vehicles
Peer-to-Peer
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Why are customers demanding these services?
Convenience
― One-touch bookings
― One-stop car rentals
Reliability
― Driver/vehicle displayed
― GPS tracking of approaching vehicle
― Automatic payment by credit card
Cost
― Peer-to-peer services typically cost less
― Others similarly priced to traditional services
Accountability
― Two-way reviews promote high quality service
passengers
renters
rate
drivers
owners
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Car-Sharing and Ride-Sharing Services are Expanding to Airports
Previously
Primary markets:
— Universities
— Downtown urban
areas
Customers became
accustomed to using
these services for local
travel
Currently
Customers wish to use
these services for travel
to/from their local and
destination airports
Companies are
responding by expanding
services to airports
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In Future
More companies will seek
to expand to airports
around the country
Airports must be prepared
for their arrival: ensure
customer service, safety,
and financial goals
continue to be met
Car-Sharing and Ride-Booking
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Regulations:
State and Cities
Regulators have typically taken one of three approaches
Unaware
Supportive
Restrictive
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California PUC created a new category for TNCs, September 2013
Transportation Network Company (TNC) – An
organization that provides prearranged transportation
services for compensation using an online-enabled
application (app) or platform to connect passengers with
drivers using their personal vehicles.
Supportive
Established 28 rules and regulations, including:
CPUC license to operate in California
Criminal background checks for drivers
Driver training program established
Zero-tolerance drug and alcohol policy
19-point inspection of all vehicles
Picture of driver and vehicle displayed through application
Minimum commercial liability insurance coverage of $1 million per incident
Cannot operate at any airport unless authorized by the airport authority
Source: California Public Utilities Commission website, accessed October 2013.
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Some authorities are limiting ride-booking services
Restrictive
City of Seattle
Cap on active drivers per TNC
suspended by petition
Illinois
• Rates limited to taxi
maximum rates
• Chauffeur permit
City of Austin
• Advanced reservation
• Chauffeur permit
• High minimum fare
City of Portland
Advanced
reservation
WASHINGTON
MONTANA
Nevada
High minimum
hourly rates
NORTH
DAKOTA
MAINE
MINNESOTA
VT
OREGON
NH
WISCONSIN
SOUTH
DAKOTA
IDAHO
MICHIGAN
WYOMING
RI
CONN
IOWA
PENN
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
OHIO
UTAH
ILLINOIS
MARYLAND
WV
KANSAS
VIRGINIA
MISSOURI
KENTUCKY
CALIFORNIA
OKLAHOMA
NORTH
CAROLINA
TENNESSEE
ARKANSAS
SOUTH
CAROLINA
NEW MEXICO
MISS
NEW JERSEY
DELAWARE
INDIANA
COLORADO
ARIZONA
MASS
NEW YORK
Miami
• Advanced
reservation
• High minimum
hourly rates
GEORGIA
ALABAMA
TEXAS
LOUISIANA
FLORIDA
ALASKA
HAWAII
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Airport Challenges and Responses
Accommodating new services while maintaining airport goals
Assure safe, secure transportation
Offer transportation that is available at a range of costs and service levels
Maintain efficient landside operations
Preserve airport revenues
Provide opportunities for new businesses while recognizing existing
agreements
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DriveNow
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SFO is one of the first airports at which services began operating
2012 and
Earlier
The Industry Develops
Many ride-sharing
companies founded in
the San Francisco Bay
Area
SFO staff begin to
receive requests from
companies to operate
on-Airport
Early
2013
March
2013
Services Begin at SFO
ZipCar begins
operations at SFO
through Avis
FlightCar begins
advertising free offAirport parking and
peer-to-peer car
rentals
Enforcement
Cease and desist
letters to six
companies
Regulation
CPUC adopts TNC
regulations
Drivers of unlicensed
vehicles begin to be
cited and arrested
RelayRides agrees to
pay fees and follow
SFO rules and
regulations
SFO sues FlightCar for
non-compliance with
regulations
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Fall
2013
Uber agrees to create
a geofence around
the airport
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SFO has implemented a TNC permit pilot program
Today
2014
TNC Permit Pilot Program
Drop-off only
Valid until May 31, 2015
Must have CPUC permit
Provide TNC driver list
Vehicle tracking on-Airport
Per trip fees and monthly permit fees
Cease & desist enforced for TNCs not
authorized by airport
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Other airports have taken a similar approach
Oakland International
Boston Logan International
TNCs:
TNCs:
― Sheriff department incorporating
No regulations in place
TNCs into training program
― Citations given to drivers waiting
in commercial vehicle hold area
Car-sharing:
Avis pays fees on all ZipCar rentals
plus additional subtenant rent
Los Angeles International
Phoenix International
TNCs:
TNCs and UberBlack, UberSUV:
― Reached out to companies, sent
Ticketed if identified at the airport;
some vehicles impounded
rules and regulations, categorized
them as pre-arranged
― Uber implementing geofence
― Designated hold lot for waiting
vehicles; citations issued to those
in other locations
Peer-to-Peer Rentals:
RelayRides and FlightCar use offairport parking operator spaces and
buses; no agreements in place
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Summary
Conclusions
Many companies with varying business models and markets
Companies are becoming increasingly common
Each type of service presents unique challenges for airports
Airports need to be proactive in determining how to best accommodate
these businesses
www.facebook.com/lyft/photos_stream
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Stephanie Box
[email protected]
www.leighfisher.com