HORTICULTURE STATISTICS

Arundhati Singh, Director(Horticulture) D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI

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OVERVIEW - HORTICULTURE

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A Prominent Segment under Agriculture Sector and the fastest growing sector Considerable attention in the 11 th Five Year Plan All States / UT covered under Two special Horticulture programmes of NHM and HMNEH Mission programme (NHM) in operation in 344 districts out of 476 districts of 18 States and UTs, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep (initially in 227 districts) Horticulture projects are capital intensive, have higher gestation period, need costly inputs including higher technology and efficient value change management.

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HORTICULTURE – ADVANTAGE INDIA

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India is endowed heterogeneous area characterized by a great diversity of agro climatic zones, allowing for production of a variety of horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantation crops, root and tuber crops, and medicinal and aromatic crops.

with a remarkably

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India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world.

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Horticulture exports has helped the country to earn Rs 14,000 crore in 2011-12.

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SNAPSHOT OF HORTICULTURE

• Horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural GDP from 8.5% of the cropped area.

• India’s major exports include onion, mango pulp, fresh mangoes, dried walnuts, fresh grapes.

• India’s biggest export markets are South Asian & Middle east Countries.

• India’s share in the global market is insignificant – it accounts for 1.7% of the global trade in vegetables and 0.5% in fruits

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HORTICULTURE STATISTICS

• WHY REQUIRED?

• WHAT IS THE PRESENT STATUS?

• WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?

• WAY FORWARD

D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI 5

HORTICULTURE DATA

• • • •

WHY REQUIRED?

To make correct assessment of growth in the horticulture sector.

To ensure effective monitoring and evaluation of the concerned development policies and programs.

To facilitate perspective planning and harnessing vast potential in the horticulture sector.

Analyze data to gain better knowledge and understanding of the situation for taking appropriate measures to promote systematic development of horticulture sector.

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PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA

• AREA,PRODUCTION,YIELD DATA • DATA ON COMMODITY PRICES, (MARKET ARRIVALS), STORAGES ETC.

• EXPORT/IMPORT DATA • DATA ON PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SCHEMES (NHM, HMNEH ETC.) (COMPONENT WISE) PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL ACHIEVEMENTS • SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (RESEARCH ETC.) SUPPLIES STUDIES

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PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA

• • • • • •

Multiple agencies compilation of data.

involved in collection/

D/o Agriculture & Cooperation through State Horticulture Departments State Directorates of Economics and Statistics (DES) through Crop Estimation Survey-Fruits and Vegetables (Plan Scheme) Export/Import data (DGCIS, APEDA, DGFT) Crop Boards (CASHEWNUT/COCONUT/ SPICES etc.) Market Intelligence data through NHB and DMI in M/o AGRICULTURE.

Research and Other Organizations (e.g. NHRDF, SFAC) D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI

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PRESENT STATUS OF HORTICULTURE DATA

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AREA,PRODUCTION, YIELD- CROP-WISE 22 TYPES OF FRUITS

(e.g. BANANA, MANGO, CITRUS, APPLE, GUAVA, GRAPES, PINEAPPLE, PAPAYA, POMEGRANATE ETC. )

20 TYPES OF VEGETABLES

(e.g. POTATO, BRINJAL, TOMATO, TAPIOCA, ONION, CABBAGE, CAULIFLOWER, OKRA ETC.)

FLOWERS

(LOOSE AND CUT)

PLANTATION CROPS

COCOA) (COCONUT, CASHEWNUT, ARECANUT,

SPICES

GINGER, (e.g. MUSTARD SEED, CHILLI, TURMERIC, GARLIC, TAMARIND, CORIANDER, CUMIN, PEPPER, FENUGREEK ETC.)

AROMATIC AND MEDICINAL PLANTS D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI 9

PRESENT SYSTEM OF DATA COLLECTION

• Fruits and Vegetables, Flowers, Nuts and Aromatic & Medicinal Plants, Coconut – State Departments of Horticulture and Agriculture • • Plantation crops (cashewnut, arecanut and cocoa) and spices – Directorate of Cocoa and Cashew nut Development (DCCD) – Directorate of Arecanut and Spices Development (DASD) NHB brings out an annual publication `Indian Horticulture Database’

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METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

Area Estimation:

• Girdawari • On the basis of input supplied etc.

Estimation of Production

: • Eye Estimation • Oral enquiry from farmers • Based on Productivity norms as calculated by GCES, CES-F&V • Some scientific methods for some crops.

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REVIEW COMMITTEE

• Horticulture data received from States / Boards/ Directorate are compiled by the Horticulture Division of DAC.

• Estimates are approved by a Review Committee under the Chairmanship of Principal Adviser, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation with following members – Economic and Statistical Adviser, DAC – Joint Secretary (NHM), DAC – Horticulture Commissioner, DAC – Managing Director, NHB – Adviser (Hort) DAC.

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SCHEDULE OF DATA APPROVAL BY REVIEW COMMITTEE

( Agriculture crop year: July –June) Estimates Date of finalization Date of receipt of data from States/UTs

1st Advance Estimates of the current year and Final Estimates of previous year 31st December 2nd Advance Estimates of Current Year 15th May 3rd Advance Estimates of Current year 31st August 10th December 1st May 10th August

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HORTI. DATA- WHAT DOES IT TELL ?

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ANDHRA PRADESH, W.BENGAL, HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION. ( UTTAR PRADESH, MAHARASHTRA, TAMIL NADU, BIHAR, GUJARAT, KARNATAKA, MADHYA PRADESH AND ODISHA ARE THE LEADING STATES IN contributing about 80% output first 6 States producing more than half the total output ).

• MAHARASHTRA, ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU, GUJARAT,

KARNATAKA AND U.P. ARE THE LEADING FRUIT PRODUCING STATES. ( nearly 60% output ).

• W BENGAL, U.P., BIHAR, ANDHRA PRADESH, MADHYA PRADESH,

GUJARAT AND ODISHA ARE THE LEADING VEGETABLE PRODUCERS. ( contributing over 60% output; first 4 States producing more than 40%).

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HORTI. DATA- WHAT DOES IT TELL ?

• TOTAL HORTICULTURE PRODUCTION IN THE COUNTRY

IS 257.3 MILLION TONNES IN 2011-12 ( 96.6 MILLION TONNES IN 1991-92). (FOODGRAIN PRODUCTION = 257 MILLION TONNES)

• TOTAL AREA UNDER HORTICULTURE CROPS IN 2011-12

IS 23.2 MILLION HA (12.8 MILLION HA IN 1991-92).

• MAJOR FRUITS- BANANA,MANGO AND CITRUS FRUITS;

(CONTRIBUTE ABOUT 70% PRODUCTION)

• MAJOR VEGETABLES- POTATO, TOMATO, ONION,

BRINJAL AND CABBAGE (CONTRIBUTE ABOUT 80% PRODUCTION) D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI 15

Trend of Horticulture Production

300 250 200 150 145,785 144,38 153,302 182,816 211,235 223,089 240,531 214,716 257,277 191,813 166,939 100 50 0 Production in million tonnes

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Annual Growth Rates in Horticulture Production

12,00% 10,00% 8,00% 6,00% 4,00% 2,00% 0,00% 2001-02 -2,00% 2003-04 -0,96% 8,90% 6,18% 9,51% 2005-06 4,92% 10,13% 2007-08 1,65% 3,90% 2009-10 7,82% 6,96% 2011-12

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PRODUCTION SHARE OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS

FLOWERS 0,64% PLANTATION CROPS 6,36% SPICES 2,31% AROMATIC PLANTS 0,22% FRUITS 29,70% VEGETABLES 60,76%

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Trends in Fruits and Vegetables Production

(Production in Million Tonnes)

250 200 150 88,6 84,8 88,3 101,2 111,4 115,0 128,4 129,1 133,7 146,6 156,3 100 50 43,0 45,2 45,9 50,9 55,4 59,6 65,6 68,5 71,5 74,9 76,4 0 VEGETABLES FRUITS

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WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?

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LIMITATIONS IN THE EXISTING DATA

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MULTIPLE AGENCIES COLLECTING AND COMPILING DATA DIFFERENT METHODOLOGY AND COVERAGE FREQUENT DATA REVISION TIME LAG IN DATA AVAILABILITY. STATES ARE NOT ADHERING TO TIME SCHEDULE FOR SENDING THE DATA DATA INCONSISTENCIES EVEN THE METHODOLOGY ADOPTED BY VARIOUS STATE HORTICULTURE DEPARTMENTS VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

DATA FOR CROPS EXCLUSIVELY GROWN IN A STATE, NOT BEING REPORTED BY THE STATE.

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WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?

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LACK OF EFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

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ABSENCE OF PROPER SYSTEMATIC UNITS COLLECTION / COMPILATION OF HORTICULTURE DATA FOR

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INEFFECTIVE DATA VALIDATION MECHANISM

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NODAL AGENCY NOT OVERSEEING THE ENTIRE SET OF HORTICULTURE CROPS AND ABSENCE OF COORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

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INADEQUATE USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TO PROCESS AND ORGANIZE DATA

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WHAT ARE THE CONSTRAINTS?

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DATA GAPS

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LACK OF AUTHENTIC BASE LINE DATA FOR ALL STATES (DISTRICT LEVEL).

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DATA ON EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL (DIRECT/INDIRECT).

PRODUCTIVITY PROFILE (CROP/REGION/DISTRICT WISE).

DATA ON COST OF CULTIVATION/ECONOMY OF FARMING OF DIFFERENT HORTICULTURAL CROPS.

PRODUCTION – HOW MUCH FLOW TO THE MARKET AND FARMER’S OWN CONSUMPTION SHARE .

POST HARVEST LOSSES AND WASTAGES IN THE TRANSIT NO OPERATIONAL MANUAL FOR FIELD STAFF

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WAY FORWARD AND PLAN OF ACTION

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COORDINATION BETWEEN STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE AND DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS NEED TO BE STRENGTHENED TO GENERATE RELIABLE HORTICULTURE STATISTICS.

2.

STRENGTHEN THE LOWEST FUNCTIONARY REPORTING HORTICULTURE DATA FROM THE SELECTED VILLAGES/ TEHSILS.

3.

DESIGNATE NODAL OFFICER IN EACH STATE TO VALIDATE, COORDINATE AND SUPPLY DATA. ENVISAGE DATA CONSORTIUM TO CHECK INTERNAL DATA VARIATION AND INCONSISTENCY.

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FOR FACILITATING SMOOTH COLLECTION, COORDINATION AND DISSEMINATION OF HORTICULTURE DATA FROM DISTRICT LEVEL TO CENTRE, STATE DEPARTMENTS NEED TO DEVELOP A STATE HORTICULTURE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS).

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WAY FORWARD AND PLAN OF ACTION

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BESIDES THE BASIC DATA FOR AREA AND PRODUCTION, THRUST SHOULD ALSO BE ON TIMELY AVAILABILITY OF THE RELATED DATA LIKE STORAGE, MARKET ARRIVALS, PRICES, EXPORTS ETC.

CONDUCT/ORGANIZE HORTICULTURE CREATE/UPDATE BASE-LINE (DISTRICT) DATA.

CENSUS TO EXTEND CROP CUTTING EXPERIMENTS TO COVER ALL IMPORTANT HORTICULTURE CROPS.

PREPARATION OF GUIDELINES / MANUALS FOR COLLECTION OF DATA FOR VARIOUS CROPS.

FOR COLLECTION METHODOLOGY/APPROACH HOMOGENEITY.

OF TO DATA, ADOPT ENSURE UNIFORM CONCEPTUAL 10. IN THIS CONNECTION, AN ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BY IASRI.

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Alternative Methodology

AN ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED BY IASRI TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INFORMATION FLOWING FROM ALL SOURCES INCLUDING MARKET ARRIVALS, EXPORTS AND GROWERS ASSOCIATIONS.

THE METHODOLOGY NEEDS TO BE PILOTED IN FIVE STATES NAMELY, ANDHRA PRADESH, MAHARASHTRA, HIMACHAL PRADESH, UTTAR PRADESH AND KARNATAKA BEFORE EXTENDING TO THE ENTIRE COUNTRY.

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THE BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY INCLUDED: TO TEST THE DEVELOPED ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION OF ACREAGE UNDER EACH MAJOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS TO TEST THE DEVELOPED ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATION OF YIELD RATES AND TOTAL PRODUCTION OF MAJOR FRUIT AND VEGETABLE CROPS GROWN IN THE STATE TO ESTIMATE AREA AND PRODUCTION VEGETABLES USING REMOTE SENSING OF MAJOR FRUITS –GIS AND FIELD SURVEY.

AND

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Alternative Methodology

THE IASRI PROPOSAL FOR THE ALTERNATIVE METHODOLOGY HAS FINANCIAL IMPLICATION OF RS.

6.50 CRORE.

FOR THE BETTERMENT OF HORTICULTURE STATISTICS, THIS IS AN OPPORTUNITY.

CAN THE STATES COME UP WITH SOME WAY OUT FOR FUNDING THIS ENDEAVOUR?

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