Transcript Moving Towards an Open Defecation Free Status: Initiatives by

Open Defecation Free Tamil Nadu by 2014:
Vision, Challenges and Way Forward
January 27, 2012, Consultative Workshop on Sanitation Policy, CMA, Chennai
Somya Sethuraman: Researcher, Institute for Financial Management and Research, Chennai
Table of Contents
 Urbanization in Tamil Nadu
 Sanitation Statistics
 National Urban Sanitation Policy
 Proposed Funding Requirements (2011-2015)
 Challenges
 Way Forward
1. Urbanization in Tamil Nadu
Urbanization in Tamil Nadu
 City Municipal Corporations : 10
 Municipalities
: 125
 Town Panchayats
: 529
 Tamil Nadu - one of the most urbanized states in India
 TN Population : 72 million (2011)
 Urban population : 35 million (48%)
Service Gaps continue to grow with greater urbanization
Rural population
Urbanization ratio (RHS)
80
50
70
45
60
35
50
19
16
40
30
35
13
7
9
30
20
10
28
40
23
25
29
33
37
35
37
-
25
20
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001
Source: Census of India, Secondary Research
Projected urban population in 2026: 69.1%
Projected Slum Population in 2017: 1 crore
2011
(% of Urban population)
( in millions)
Urban population
Popuation growth, % (2001-2011)
Extended areas of Urban Agglomerations witnessing rapid growth
180%
City
160%
Ext. Areas
160%
UA
140%
120%
103%
100%
80%
75%
71%
59%
60%
47%
32%
40%
20%
53%
11%
15%
22%
10%
13%
18%
27%
0%
Chennai
Coimbatore
Madurai
Source: Census 2001, 2011 (Provisional), Secondary Research
Trichy
Tiruppur
2. Sanitation Statistics
Tiruchirapalli
Chennai
Alandur
Thanjavur
Neyveli
Tirunelveli
Pallavaram
Tambaram
Nagercoil
Erode
Tiruppur
Tiruvannamalai
Coimbatore
Madurai
Kumbakonam
Pudukottai
Salem
Avadi
Vellore
Kancheepuram
Rajapalayam
Ambattur
Cuddalore
Tiruvottiyur
Dindigul
Thoothukkudi
Scores out of 100
All districts need considerable improvement (NUSP, MoUD:2009-10)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Source: NUSP, MoUD, Secondary Research
Tamil Nadu: Sanitation Statistics
 57% of households in Tamil Nadu do not have a toilet facility
- (NFHS-3)
Out of 5.9 million (2001) urban households in TN-



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35.7% of urban households do not have access to toilets
7.7% of urban households use the community toilets
30 % of households do not have access to drainage networks
35 % of households are connected to open drains
- Census 2001
Municipal Corporations: 10
Municipal Corporations: UGSS
Name of Corporation
Chennai
Coimbatore
Erode
Madurai
Salem
Thoothukudi
Tiruchirapalli
Tirunelveli
Tiruppur
Vellore
Actuals (Yes/No)
N.A.
Yes
Scheme in execution
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Norm
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Percentage of Population Covered by UGS
NORM = 60%
Percentage of Population covered by UGS
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Coimbatore
Erode
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Madurai
Salem
Thoothukudi Tiruchirapalli Tirunelveli
Tiruppur
Vellore
Percentage of Roads Length Covered
NORM = 80%
Percentage of Road length covered
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Coimbatore
Erode
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Madurai
Salem
Thoothukudi Tiruchirapalli Tirunelveli
Tiruppur
Vellore
Slum Population per seat of Public Convenience
NORM = 60 Persons
Slum Population per seat of Public Convenience
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Coimbatore
Erode
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Madurai
Salem
Thoothukudi Tiruchirapalli Tirunelveli
Tiruppur
Vellore
Municipalities: 125
PRESENCE OF UGS
No
Yes
In Progress
9.3%
15.3%
75.3%
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Percentage of Municipalities that Satisfy Norms for Population Coverage
(Norm = 60%)
Does not Satisfy Norm
Satisfies Norm
35.5%
64.5%
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Percentage of Municipalities that Satisfy Norm for Road Length Coverage
(Norm = 80%)
Does not Satisfy Norm
Satisfies Norm
46.9%
53.1%
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Percentage of Municipalities which satisfy the norm for Slum Population per seat of Public Convenience
(Norm: 60 persons)
Satisfies Norm
Does not Satisfy Norm
67.4%
32.6%
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Dindigul
Komarapalayam
Sankarankovil
Manali
Poonamallee
Thiruthuraipoondi
Virudhachalam
Karaikudi
Thanthoni
Panruti
Nagapattinam
Theni - Allinagaram
Inamkarur
Mettur
Aranthangi
Jayankondam
Tiruvallur
Anaiyur
Kodaikkanal
Idappadi
Cumbum
Vandavasi
Gudiyatham
Dharmapuri
Tiruttani
Aruppukottai
Devakottai
Pattukottai
Virudhunagar
Chinnamanur
Kadayanallur
Tenkasi
Thuraiyur
Villupuram
Rajapalayam
Pallavaram
Pernampet
Cuddalore
Municipalities which far exceed the 60 persons norm for Slum Population per seat of Public Convenience
600
500
Score
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Norm = 60
400
300
200
100
0
3. The National Urban Sanitation Policy
Vision
All Indian cities and towns become totally sanitized, healthy
and liveable and ensure and sustain good public health and
environmental outcomes for all their citizens with a special
focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the
urban poor and women.
Policy Goal
The overall goal of this policy is to transform Urban India
into community-driven, totally sanitized, healthy and
liveable cities and towns.
A Specific Goal
B. Achieving Open Defecation Free Cities
All urban dwellers will have access to and use safe and hygienic
sanitation facilities and arrangements so that no one defecates in the
open. In order to achieve this goal, the following activities shall be
undertaken:
 Promoting access to households with safe sanitation facilities
(including proper disposal arrangements);
 Promoting community-planned and managed toilets wherever
necessary, for groups of households who have constraints of space,
tenure or economic constraints in gaining access to individual
facilities;
 Adequate availability and 100 % upkeep and management of Public
Sanitation facilities in all Urban Areas, to rid them of open
defecation and environmental hazards;
4. PROPOSED FUNDING (2011-2015)
Allocation of Funds for Individual Toilets*
Regions
Corporations
60
Rs crores
50
40
30
20
10
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
New individual toilets
* All figures subject to confirmation
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
2014-15
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Improvement of existing individual toilets
Allocation of Funds for Common Toilets*
Regions
Corporations
30
Rs crores
25
20
15
10
5
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
New common toilets
* All figures subject to confirmation
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
2014-15
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
Improvement of existing common toilets
Fund allocation by type of toilet and implementing body
(2011-15) *
Corporations,
58%
New individual toilets
New common toilets
Regions, 27%
Regions, 73%
Corporations,
42%
* All figures subject to confirmation
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Funds allocated for New Individual Toilets
80
Regions (2011-15)
70
Rs crores
60
50
40
30
20
10
Chengalpet
Tiruppur
7
Tirunelveli
Salem
Vellore
Thanjavur
Madurai
Corporations (2011-15)
6
Rs crores
5
4
3
2
1
0
Madurai
Tiruchy
Tiruppur
Tirunelveli
Thoothukudi
Salem
Source: CMA, Secondary Research * All figures subject to confirmation
Coimbatore
Erode
Vellore
Funds allocated for New Common Toilets
16
Regions (2011-15)
14
Rs crores
12
10
8
6
4
2
Tirunelveli
Madurai
8
Tiruppur
Chengalpet
Thanjavur
Vellore
Salem
Corporations (2011-15)
7
Rs crores
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Tirunelveli
Salem
Thoothukudi
Madurai
Tiruchy
Erode
Source: CMA, Secondary Research * All figures subject to confirmation
Tiruppur
Coimbatore
Vellore
5. CHALLENGES
-
Source: CMA, Secondary Research
Tiruchirapalli
Chennai
Alandur
Thanjavur
Neyveli
Tirunelveli
Pallavaram
Process related indicators
Tambaram
Nagercoil
Erode
Tiruppur
Tiruvannam…
Coimbatore
Madurai
Kumbakonam
Pudukottai
Outcome related indicators
Salem
Avadi
Vellore
Kancheepur…
Rajapalayam
Ambattur
Cuddalore
Tiruvottiyur
Dindigul
Thoothukkudi
Rescaled Score
Ranking of Districts on Sanitation Indicators: Key Gaps
Output related indicators
300
250
200
150
100
50
KEY ISSUES
 Social and Occupational aspects of Sanitation
 Awareness Generation
 Institutional Roles and Responsibilities
 Choice of Technology
 Reaching the un-served and the Poor
 Demand Generation
Our biggest concern:
Projected Slum Population in 2017 is 1 crore
Tamil Nadu has more than a quarter of its urban population in slums,
and a large number of urban poor. We need a clear plan to address the
sanitation issues in these poor colonies.
The proportion of notified and non-notified slums with no latrine
facility is significantly higher for Tamil Nadu; 27 per cent and 40 per
cent respectively
Our inability to regularly recognize or “declare” slums has led to an
absence of comprehensive data about informal settlements, because of
which the poor continue to live without basic infrastructure and civic
amenities
Focusing on pro-poor solutions: Chennai Case Study
Services do not reach the poor due to lack of usable data
Chennai Map :
Slums Layer overlaid on Toilets Layer (2011), along with administrative boundaries
Toilets not in area of apparent need
Clusters of Slums and Zero Toilets
6. Way Forward
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Baseline data collection - GIS
Awareness Generation: Behavioural change
Integrated City-Wide Sanitation
Safe Disposal of waste
Upkeep of Sanitary Installations
Implementation Support Strategy
State Government Support: CSP, DPR, PPP, Funding, Capacity Bldg, Awards
Legal Regulations: Acts, Rules, byelaws
Communication Strategy
 Target Audience: Households – women and children
 Key Messages
 Hygiene Education as an integral component of the school syllabus
 Elected Representatives in Management Role
 Partnerships with NGOs, CBOs, and resource institutions
 Women’s Self Help Groups
Integrated city wide
sanitation plans
Data collection - GIS
OPEN DEFECATION FREE TAMIL NADU
Implementation and
monitoring – Elected
representatives, NGOs,
CBOs, Women Self Help
Groups
State government support
and Legislations
Perceptions Layer
Perceptions Layer
Thank you
THANK YOU
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