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 Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?

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Second Great Awakening:

religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation and the need for personal and social improvement was emphasized   Rejected the idea of predestination Promoted individualism and responsibility

 Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?

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Second Great Awakening:(cont.)

  Revivalism: emotional meetings designed to awaken religious faith through passionate preaching and prayer Ex: Charles Grandison Finney

 Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?

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Second Great Awakening:(cont.)

 Enslaved African American embrace Christianity   Baptist and Methodist churches were open to both blacks and whites Free African-Americans establish churches  Richard Allen-Bethel African Church in Philadelphia

 Aim: How did religion spark reform in American society?

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Reform of Asylums and Prisons:

 Dorothea Dix:  Reported on the inhumane conditions in prisons and asylums  Result:  1843-laws passed at improving conditions  1845-1852: Helped to set up hospitals for the mental ill  Focused on rehabilitation

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  Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?

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Rural Slavery:

    Large plantation lifestyle Endless labor Strict conditions Unskilled work

Urban Slavery:

 Growth of cotton industry created a demand for slaves  Skilled laborers

 Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?

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Nat Turner’s Rebellion:

 Preacher that spurred on rebellion   1831- Turner attacked four plantations with 80 men Result:  Rebellion put down by federal and state troops  Turner caught and put to death  Strengthened southern resolve to control their slaves

 Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?

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Abolitionist Movement:

 A call to outlaw slavery  William Lloyd Garrison:  Editor of The Liberator   Called for emancipation (free of the slaves with no payment to slaveholders) New England Anti Slavery Society  National Anti-Slavery Society

 Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?

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Abolitionist Movement: (cont.)

 David Walker 

Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World 1829

 Fight for freedom rather than waiting for slave owners to end slavery

 Aim: How did the abolitionist movement attempt to eliminate slavery?

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Abolitionist Movement: (cont.)

 Frederick Douglass:  Hoped political action could abolish slavery 

The North Star

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Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?

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Role of Women mid-1800’s:

 Cult of domesticity     Focus on home and family Activities restricted to housework and child care No right to vote No right to sit on a jury

 Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?

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Women and the reform movement:

 Sarah and Angelina Grimke-Abolitionists 

An Appeal to Christian Women of the South

  Raised money, literature, petitioned Congress Temperance Movement:  An effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol

 Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?

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Women and the reform movement: (cont.)

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Education:

 Emma Willard- Troy Female Seminary 1821   Mary Lyon-Mount Holyoke Female Seminary 1837

Health:

 Elizabeth Blackwell-New York Infirmary for Women and Children

Aim: What role did women play in reforming American society in the 1800’s?

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Women’s Rights Movement:

 Seneca Falls 1848:   Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Declaration of Sentiments statement of grievances  Modeled after the Declaration of Independence