TACROM INTRODUCTION Gravel-Packs
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Transcript TACROM INTRODUCTION Gravel-Packs
TACROM INTRODUCTION
Company Structure
Parent Company: C.A.T. GmbH
TACROM INTRODUCTION
Company Presentation
June 2006-Tacrom Services was established in
Romania
Oct 2006-first frac campaign in Moinesti area
(10 wells)
Since then we performed 160 fracs on-shore
and off-shore of Romania, Azerbaijan and
Bulgaria
March 2008-we started to provide coil tubing
and nitrogen service (more than 100 jobs in
Romania)
June 2008-gravel-pack service was provided
(more than 45 jobs in Romania)
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Services Provided
Hydraulic Fracs
Acid Fracs
Frac-Packs
Acidizing
Gravel-Packs
Coil Tubing & Nitrogen Service
TACROM INTRODUCTION
Hydraulic Fracs
The objective of hydraulic fracturing is to
increase well productivity by creating a
highly conductive flow path some distance
away from the well bore
Using this technology we can increase
production rates as well as overall
recoverable hydrocarbons.
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Hydraulic Fracs
TACROM INTRODUCTION
Acid Fracs
Much of the theory of hydraulic (proppant)
fracturing is applicable to acid fracturing
especially regarding fracture initiation and
propagation. Leak-off and fracture
conductivity are however fundamentally
different
Acids create enhanced productivity by
dissolving acid-soluble rocks, such as
carbonates. The acid etches (dissolves) the
walls of the fracture. Alternatively, the acid
leaks off into the formation (accelerated by
wormhole formation)
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Acid Fracs
The most common acid system is
hydrochloric acid and this reacts effectively
with above mentioned rocks
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Frac-Packs
Frac-Packs are a combination of a hydraulic
fracturing and a gravel pack
This type of treatment is suitable for medium
permeability unconsolidated formations
Is reducing to 0 formation sand flow and is
creating a hi-permeability path for
hydrocarbons
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Acidizing
Apart from acid fracturing jobs, there are also two
categories of acid treatment:
- acid washing
- matrix acidizing
In acid washing, the objective is simply tubular and
wellbore cleaning. Treatment of the formation is not
intended.
For matrix acidizing, acids are used to create
enhanced productivity when the acid reacts with the
soluble substances in the formation matrix to enlarge
the pore spaces.
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is occasionally used in
sandstones for the removal of fines or clay minerals.
It is never used in carbonate reservoirs as it
produces an insoluble precipitate (calcium fluoride)
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Gravel-Packs
Gravel-packs are sand control
operations applicable to
unconsolidated hydrocarbons
reservoirs in terms of reducing
dramatically the sand flow, this way
extending the work over intervals and
life for bottomhole equipment
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Well Candidate Evaluation
Hydraulic fracturing is generally applicable in
reservoirs with low permeabilities (< 10 mD)
FracPacks (Sand Control) in moderately permeable
reservoirs
Well selection involves finding candidates that will
benifit from increasing payzone conductivity
All treatments require reservoir pressure for the drive
mechanism
The history of stimulation operations should be taken
into consideration
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Well Candidate Evaluation
The fracture must not propagate in water-saturated
zones
Wells with high skin factor
Wellbore integrity
Possibility of equipment emplacement at the wellsite
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Fracture Summary
TACROM INTRODUCTION
Statistics of Increased Production
M-710 Oil Production
Post Frac Oil Rate
Prefrac Oil Rate
Post Frac Cumulative Oil
50
Prefrac Cumulative Oil
2500
40
2000
35
30
1500
25
20
1000
15
10
500
5
0
0
50
100
Cumulative Days
150
0
200
Cumulative Oil (m³)
Oil Production Rate (m³/day)
45
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Operational Overview
All of the services provided by Tacrom
Services are done in a professional manner
Production gained after stimulation
average 2 to 4 times more.
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Fracturing Equipment
10 m3/min Blender. Fully process controled
Hydration Unit. On the fly mixing of polymer
2,250 HHP Pumptrucks.
State of the Art Data Acquisition Truck
Sandtruck - proppant handling
Efficient Rig Up/Down
Heating and filtering of frac fluid
Purpose built, stackable frac tanks
Providing underbalanced well cleanout after
the frac
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10 m3/min BLENDER
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10 m3/min BLENDER
Truck mounted hydraulically driven mixing
and blending unit
Fully computerized on the fly mixing
capability
2 each sand screws up to 6,0 tons / min
2 each dry additive feeders
2 each liquid additive feeders
450 HP available from truck engine
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Hydration Unit
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Hydration Unit
Mixing Unit for linear gel preparation
Hydraulically driven pumps. Installed Power 410 HP
Discharge rate: Up to 10 m3/minute
Chemical Feeders:
1 each dry chemical feeder for guar injection
3 each liquid chemical pumps with coreolis flow meters
26 m3 on board storage
3 magflow flow meters for mixing and transferring fluid
Total “mix on the fly” technology. No contamination of
water tanks. No wasted chemicals or mixing time
compared to batch mixing
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60 tonnes Proppant Truck
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60 tonnes Proppant Truck
Hydraulically operated Dumper
Fully enclosed, two compartment design
42 m3 storage capacity (60 ton maximum)
Roadweight 36 tons maximum
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2250 HHP Pump Unit
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2250 HHP Pump Unit
Truck mounted remote controlled pump
units
SPM Triplex Pump, 5“ Fluid End, Allison
Transmision, MTU Diesel Engine
Work Pressure: 1000 bar max.
Rate: 500 – 2200 l/min
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Data Acquisition Truck
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Data Acquisition Truck
Air Conditioned Design
Self Powered - 30 kW Generator
Remote Control Frac Equipment
Monitoring and Data Recording
Real time data transfer to customer
State of the Art Meyer‘s Software
MFrac – Treatment Design
MinFrac - Minifrac Analyses
MFrac & MView – Treatment Control
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Data Acquisition Truck
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3“ SPM 1502 Piping
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Combination heating/filtering unit
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Combination heating/filtering unit
Compact 4x4 chassis
Parallel, double pod design for efficient
operation
100 microns primary and 5 microns
secondary filters
90 m3/ hour filtering (with normal field water)
3.5 million BTU (1025 kW/hr) heater unit
45 m3/hour heating (from 20C to 200C.)
Heat alone,filter alone, or combination
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Filtering unit
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Filtering unit
Compact skid or design
Transport on trailer or flatbed truck
24 kW Hatz diesel motor
Parallel, double pod design for efficient
operation
100 micron primary and 5 micron secondary
filters
90 m3/ hour filtering (with normal field water)
Clean and filter simultaneously
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Intermediate, 2800m CTU
TACROM INTRODUCTION
Intermediate CTU
2800 meters of 1 ¼ tubing on the reel
Compact, efficient design. Crane included on unit.
18 scm/minute 210 bar air compressor included
Foamer pump included for foam cleanouts
All variables recorded during the operation
Full job report given to customer. Graphical and/or
tabular data offered
Optional pressure control equipment. Low cost 210
bar annular bag or 700 bar bop‘s. Double or triple
pressure control offered.
Optional nitrogen service for inert gas requirements
Extremely fast Rig up and rig down.
Fully trained, experienced crew.
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Flowback Trailer
10 m3 Flowback trailer delivered with CT unit.
Compact, efficient design.
Handles all wellbore debris
Degasser included.
No spills. No mess.
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Flameless Nitrogen Pumper
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Flameless Nitrogen Pumper
10-85 scm/minute pump rates possible
700 bar pressure limitation
Highly accurate Electromagnetic flowmeter
Flameless heating of nitrogen for safe
operation
Full recording of all pumping variables. All
data will be included in the customer report
10,000 liter on board storage tank. Most
jobs will not require additional product.
Customer charged only for nitrogen pumped
down the well.
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Mobile, versatile, purpose built
equipment
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Treatment Design
Well selection involves finding candidates
that will benifit from increasing payzone
conductivity. High pressure, low perm, high
skin wells are the most desired candidates.
Meyer‘s Frac Software
State of the Art Software Package
Continous Upgrading
MFrac – Treatment Design
Minfrac – Pressure Analyses
MView – Data Processing
MProd & MNPV - Economics
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Meyer‘s Software
Process Control
Frac Data Management
Frac Design
Frac Geometry Modelling
Matching Production to stimulation design
TACROM INTRODUCTION
DATA REQUIREMENTS
Reservoir Data
Geo-Mechanical Data
Frac Fluid Data
Proppant Data
DATA SOURCES
Well Logs
Core and Cuttings Analyses
Well Tests
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Rock Properties
MFRAC
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Fracture Geometry
MFRAC
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Minifrac
Step Rate Test
Fracture Extension Pressure
Step Down Test
Near Wellbore Friction
Perforation Friction
Pressure Decline Analysis
ISIP
Fluid Efficiency
kh, k, p*
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STEP RATE TEST
MinFRAC
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STEP DOWN TEST
MinFRAC
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Minifrac Analisys
MinFRAC
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MView / MFrac
Control Treatment Net Pressure
Early Detection of Screen Out
Displacement
MProd / MNpv
Production analysis and future
production estimation
Net present value
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Real time parameters
MView
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Prefrac Production Estimation
MProd
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Net Present Value
MNpv
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Fluid Systems & Chemicals
FRAC FLUIDS
Water Base
Oil Base
Foam Base
Acid Base
PROPPANT
Quartz Sand
Sintered Bauxite
Ceramics
Resin Coated
ADDITIVES
Biocides
Buffers
Polymers
Crosslinkers
Temperature Stabilizers
Breakers
Friction Reducers
Surfactants
Demulsifier
Foamer
Clay Stabilizer
Fluid Loss Additives
Diverters
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What can Tacrom do for you?
Assist in well selection
Assist in well preparation
Arrange subcontractors for logging, downhole
equipment and surface pressure equipment.
Supply engineering for frac design
Supply tanks, equipment and chemicals for
stimulation treatments
Perform well stimulation treatments with acid or
proppant fracs
Gravel-packs operations
Perform matrix acid treatments with or without
nitrogen, using conventional tubing or coil tubing
Post frac underbalanced cleanout using coil tubing
TACROM INTRODUCTION
THANK YOU
QUESTIONS