Transcript Biology 210
BIO 210
Chapter 10 Part 2
Important Skeletal Muscles
Warm Up
Define & give an example of each of the
following.
Prime mover
Synergist
Antagonist
Fixator muscles
Name the muscles of the Quadriceps Group
Name the muscles of Hamstring Group
Warm Up
Define & give an example of a muscle that does
each of the following.
Prime mover-provides most of the force for a
movement, forearm flexion, biceps brachii.
Synergist-assists, i.e.contract at same time as prime
movers, and move the joint the same direction.
Brachialis.
Antagonist-muscle that extends the prime mover.
Triceps brachii is antagonist for biceps.
Fixator muscles-stabilize a joint. Deltoid.
Name
Group
the muscles of the Quadriceps
Rectus
femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Name
the muscles of Hamstring Group
Semitendenosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps
femoris
Important Skeletal Muscles
When we talk about muscle actions of
the following muscles, we are referring to
the action of the prime mover.
Remember that muscles work together.
Prime mover
Synergist
Antagonist
Fixator muscles
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
ORBICULARIS OCULI
ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR
ORBICULARIS ORIS
BUCCINATOR
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Closes Eyes
(Blinking)
ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR: Pulls Corners of Mouth
Upward (Laughing)
ORBICULARIS ORIS:
Puckers Mouth (Kissing)
BUCCINATOR: Presses Lips and Cheeks
Against Teeth (Blowing, Whistling)
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
TEMPORALIS: Same as Masseter
MASSETER Elevates Mandible (Closes Jaw)
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
Flexes Head ("Prayer Muscle") (When Both Contract)
Turns Head to Side (When Each Contracts Alone)
TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE THORAX
NOTE: All of These Muscles Play an Important Role in Respiration.
EXTERNAL
INTERCOSTALS
INTERNAL
INTERCOSTALS
Elevates Ribs
Depresses Ribs
DIAPHRAGM
Enlarges Thorax
(Causes
Inspiration)
TRUNK MUSCLES - MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
TRANSVERSUS
ABDOMINUS
RECTUS ABDOMINUS
CAT ABS!
EXTERNAL
OBLIQUE
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
TRANSVERSUS
ABDOMINUS
RECTUS
ABDOMINUS
Functions of Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
All Four of These Muscles Have the Following
Functions:
Compress (Tighten) Abdomen
Rotate Trunk Laterally
Abdominal muscles play important roles in posture; they pull
pelvis upward which flattens lumbar curve of the spine.
They also aid in defecation, forced expiration, childbirth, etc.
Rectus abdominus flexes the trunk of the body.
UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE
SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior
TRAPEZIUS
Raises and Lowers
Shoulders (Shrugs
Shoulders)
CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC.
1. External oblique
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Spinotrapezius
4. Acromiotrapezius
5. Clavotrapezius
6. Levator scapulae ventralis
7. Spinodeltoid
8. Acromiodeltoid
9. Clavodeltoid
10. Triceps brachii (lateral
head)
11. Triceps brachii (long head)
UPPER LIMB MUSCLES –MUSCLES ACTING ON THE
SHOULDER GIRDLE: Trapezius & Serratus anterior
SERRATUS
ANTERIOR
•Pulls Shoulder
Forward and
Upward (Punching
Movements)
CAT-SERRATUS ANTERIOR
UPPER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE UPPER ARM
Pectoralis
major
Latissimus dorsi
Deltoid
PECTORALIS MAJOR
Flexes Upper Arm
Adducts Upper Arm Anteriorly
(Draws It Across Chest)
CAT PECS
Clavodeltoid
Pectoantebrachialis
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Xiphihumeralis
LATISSIMUS DORSI
Extends Upper Arm
Adducts Upper Arm
Posteriorly (Draws It Across Back)
CAT-LATISSIMUS DORSI
DELTOID
Assists with Flexion and Extension of Upper Arm
Abducts Upper Arm
CAT TRAPEZIUS, DELTOID, ETC.
1. External oblique
2. Latissimus dorsi
3. Spinotrapezius
4. Acromiotrapezius
5. Clavotrapezius
6. Levator scapulae ventralis
7. Spinodeltoid
8. Acromiodeltoid
9. Clavodeltoid
10. Triceps brachii (lateral
head)
11. Triceps brachii (long head)
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
BICEPS BRACHII
Supinates Forearm and
Hand
Flexes Supinated
Forearm
BRACHIALIS
Flexes Pronated
Forearm
&
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
BRACHIORADIALIS
Supinates Forearm
and Hand
Flexes Forearm
(Semipronated or
Semisupinated)
TRICEPS BRACHII
Extends Forearm
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST,
HAND, AND FINGERS
SUPERFICIAL
FLEXORS
FLEXOR CARPI
RADIALIS
Flexes Hand
PALMARIS LONGUS
Flexes Hand
FLEXOR CARPI
ULNARIS
Flexes Hand
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST,
HAND, AND FINGERS
FLEXOR
DIGITORUM
(SUPERFICIALIS)
Flexes Fingers
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND,
AND FINGERS
EXTENSOR CARPI
RADIALIS
Extends Hand
Abducts Hand (Moves
Toward Thumb Side
When Hand Supinated)
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST,
HAND, AND FINGERS:
EXTENSOR CARPI
ULNARIS
•Extends Hand
•Adducts Hand (Moves
Toward Little Finger
Side When Hand
Supinated)
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM
• Extends Fingers
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND,
AND FINGERS
OPPONENS POLLICIS
Opposes Thumb to Fingers
LOWER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH:
ILIOPSOAS
Flexes Thigh Flexes
Trunk
LOWER LIMB MUSCLES
THAT MOVE THE THIGH:
RECTUS FEMORIS
Flexes Thigh
Extends Lower Leg
LOWER LIMB MUSCLES
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH:
GLUTEAL GROUP
MAXIMUS
MEDIUS
Extends Thigh
Abducts Thigh
MINIMUS
Abducts Thigh
Lower Limb Muscles continued…
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
PECTINEUS
Adducts Thigh
Flexes Thigh
ADDUCTOR GROUP
Abducts Thigh
BREVIS
LONGUS
MAGNUS
ALL of These Muscles Adduct the
Thigh.
GRACILIS
Adducts Thigh
Flexes Lower leg
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE
Abducts Thigh
1. Sartorius 2. Tensor fasciae latae
3. Gluteus maximus 4. Gluteus
medius 5. Caudofemoralis
6. Vastus lateralis
7. Biceps femoris
8. Gastrocnemius
9. Soleus
TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE-CAT
Abducts Thigh
1. Sartorius
2. Tensor fasciae latae
3. Gluteus maximus
4. Gluteus medius
5. Caudofemoralis
6. Vastus lateralis
7. Biceps femoris
8. Gastrocnemius
9. Soleus
PECTINEUS
Adducts Thigh
Flexes Thigh
PECTINEUS-CAT
ADDUCTOR GROUP
ALL of These Muscles Adduct the Thigh.
BREVIS
LONGUS
MAGNUS
ADDUCTOR GROUP-CAT
NOTE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAT AND HUMAN BEING
ADDUCTOR LONGUS
ADDUCTOR FEMORIS
GRACILIS
Adducts Thigh Flexes Lower leg
GRACILIS-CAT
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG
QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS GROUP
RECTUS FEMORIS
Extends Lower leg
Flexes Thigh
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS
INTERMEDIUS
ALL Muscles in the
Vastus Group Extend
Lower Leg
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GROUP
RECTUS FEMORIS
Extends Lower leg
Flexes Thigh
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS
INTERMEDIUS
deep to rectus femoris
ALL Muscles in the
Vastus Group Extend
Lower Leg
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS
GROUP
VASTUS
INTERMEDIUS
deep to rectus femoris
ALL Muscles in the
Vastus Group Extend
Lower Leg
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS
GROUP-CAT
VASTUS LATERALIS
RECTUS FEMORIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG
SARTORIUS
Flexes Lower Leg
Permits Sitting
in Tailor Fashion
HAMSTRING GROUP
BICEPS FEMORIS
Flexes Lower Leg
Extends Thigh
SEMITENDINOSUS
Extends Thigh
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
Extends Thigh
SARTORIUS-Flexes Lower Leg
SARTORIUS
Permits Sitting in Tailor Fashion
HAMSTRING GROUP
BICEPS FEMORIS
Flexes Lower Leg
Extends Thigh
SEMITENDINOSUS
Extends Thigh
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
Extends Thigh
HAMSTRING GROUP-CAT
BICEPS FEMORIS
SEMITENDINOSUS
REFLECTED IN THIS PIC
Flexes Lower Leg
Extends Thigh
Extends Thigh
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS
Extends Thigh
http://www.mhhe.com/
biosci/ap/cat_dissect/c
at_demo/muscular_sy
stem/Biceps_femoris_
reflected/Biceps_femo
ris_reflectedindex.html
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
Flexes Foot (Dorsiflexion)
Inverts Foot (Inversion)
GASTROCNEMIUS
Extends Foot (Plantar Flexion)
Flexes Lower Leg
SOLEUS
Extends Foot
TIBIALIS
ANTERIOR
Flexes Foot
(Dorsiflexion)
Inverts Foot
(Inversion)
GASTROCNEMIUS
Extends Foot
(Plantar
Flexion)
Flexes Lower
Leg
SOLEUS Extends Foot
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT-CAT
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
GASTROCNEMIUS
SOLEUS