Transcript The Rajasthan scenario : Mr.Hemant Joshi

“Decentralized Governance In Rural Water Sector:
The Rajasthan Scenario”
Presentation by
Hemant Joshi, Executive Director
Dr. Suneet Sethi, Consultant HRD
Communication & Capacity Development Unit (CCDU),
Water & Sanitation Support Organization (WSSO),
Public Health Engineering Department- Govt. of Rajasthan
RAJASTHAN–A PROFILE
Total Area
342,239 Sq km
Districts
33
Blocks
237
Panchayat Samities
249
Village Panchayats
9,168
Cities & Towns
222
Villages
41,353
Total Habitations
1,21,133
Population(2001)
56,507,188
Population(2011)
68,621,012
Urban
13,214,375
Rural
43,292,813
Decadal Growth Rate
21.44
Cattle Human Ratio
1.2:1
The state has more cattle population than human
Status of Water in Rajasthan:
• Rajasthan is the largest State of the country.
• The status of water in the State is most critical.
• Rajasthan with more than 10.4% of the country’s
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geographical area, supporting more than 5.5% of the
human population & 18.70% of the livestock has only
1.16 % of the total surface water available in the
country.
Out of the total 142 desert blocks in the country, 85
blocks are in the State of Rajasthan.
Out of 249 blocks in the state, only 30 blocks are in safe
category.
The average annual rainfall ranges from 100 mm in
Jaisalmer to 800 mm in Jhalawar. Average annual
rainfall of the State is 531mm.
The State has witnessed frequent drought and famine
conditions in the past fifty years.
The per capita annual water availability in the State is
about 780 cubic meter (Cum) against minimum
requirement of 1000 Cum. It is feared that the
availability would fall below 450 cum by the year 2050.
•
As per the international accepted norms,
availability of water below 500 cum is considered as
absolute water scarcity.
Rural Drinking Water Scenario in Rajasthan
Particulars
No. of Habitations with population
coverage (as on 20.2.2012)
Total
habitations
%
commissioned
habitations
>=0 and <
25%
>=25 and <
100%
100%
All
Habitations
32979
19188
68966
121133
57%
SC
dominated
habitations
4296
2091
8934
15321
58%
ST
dominated
habitations
2855
3578
16487
22920
72%
5093
1114
5483
11690
47%
Minority
dominated
habitations
121133
68966
54
Salinity
8
Iron
20258
Arsenic
Fluoride
Quality
affected
habitations
10724
1106
Nitrate
32150
Commissioned
Habitations
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Total
Habitations
No. of habitations
Quality affected Habitation contamination wise as on 01/04/2011
Out of total commissioned habitations 47% are quality affected
No. of benefitted villages &
habitations
No. of benefitted villages and habitations through various rural
water supply schemes
50000
44527
45000
40000
35000
30000
25000 19214
20000
11712
15000
4741
11510
10000
1438
3803
20751369 1711
5000
951
844
0
Handpump Regional Pump &
Piped
TSS
Diggi &
Tank
others
No. of main villages
No. of habitations
Type of scheme
65% habitations & 47% villages are commissioned with
hand pump scheme
No. of repaired handpumps during the handpump
repairing campaign (year 2001- 2011)
473632
no. of repaired hand pumps
500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
214635
183986
200000
150000
149932 149523
140163
167591
190954
151736
95853
100000
50000
0
27th
2001
28th
2002
29th
2003
30th
2004
31st
2005
32nd
2006
33rd
2007
34th
2008
35th
200911
36th
2011
handpump repairing campaign nos. with year
Hand pump repairing every year ranges from 38% to 72%
revenue
12
11
-
11
20
10
-
10
20
09
-
09
20
08
-
08
20
07
-
07
20
06
-
06
20
05
-
05
20
04
-
04
20
03
-
03
20
20
02
-
02
expenditure
01
-
•
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
20
•
Amount in carora Rs.
Economic calculation for maintainance of drinking
water schemes
year
The revenue is not even 20% of the expenditure
Decentralized Governance
• Decentralization is the policy of delegating decision
making authority down to the lower levels in a set up
relatively away from and lower in a central authority
• As per the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of
1992, it was decided to devolve powers to the PRIs.
• The state governments were authorized to devolve
these powers.
The History of Decentralized Governance in Rajasthan
• Rajasthan was one of the major states where the three tiers
Panchayati Raj System was introduced on the recommendations of
Balwant Raj Mehta Committee.
• This was inaugurated by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru on 2nd
October 1959 at Nagaur.
•
Chaudhari Kumbharam Arya (1914-1995) a famous freedom
fighter, famous Agrarian leader and parliamentarian was the
founder member of the Panchayat Raj system in Rajasthan.
Status of Decentralized Governance in Rajasthan
In keeping with the spirit of the 73rd amendment, the
Rajasthan Government has transferred the administrative
controls of five departments with funds, functions and
functionaries to Panchayati Raj Department on 2nd October
2010. The departments are:
•Primary Education
•Health
•Women and Child
•Social Welfare & Justice
• Agriculture
The Total Sanitation Campaign was also transferred to
Panchayat Raj Department.
Schemes handed over to PRIs
• Janta Jal Yojna - 5631 (No. of Schemes handed over to
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Gram Panchayats in the year 2011-12)
Repairing of hand pumps
All the 74 major projects i.e costing more than 25 crore
will be maintained by five member committee formed in
the gram sabha
Schemes still with PHED
• Pump & Tank
• Regional Water supply schemes
• Piped water supply
Management Devolution Index
Consolidated Position of the State (MDI)
S.No.
Indicator
1
Transfer of
Functions to PRIs
20
12.1
2
Availability/Trans
fer of funds to
PRIs
50
0
3
Functionaries
made available to
support PRIs
25
4.6
4
Good
Management
indicators
5
0.3
100
17
Total
Weightage Award Remarks
ed
points
There are some
indicators
which have not
been reported
correctly
on
the
national
web site of
DDWS due to
lack
of
reporting
or
wrong
reporting.
State Wise MDI Ranking
S. No.
Name of State
Score
1
Karnataka
46.4
2
Tamilnadu
41.7
3
Andhra Pradesh
31.8
4
Gujarat
28.1
5
Maharashtra
24.7
6
Uttar Pradesh
24
7
Punjab
23.8
8
Uttranchal
23
9
Kerala
22.1
10
Chhattisgarh
20.4
11
Jharkhand
18.7
12
Rajasthan
17
13
Sikkim
16.4
14
Himachal Pradesh
16.3
15
M.P
16.3
16
Tripura
15.3
17
West Bengal
13.2
18
Nagaland
12.8
19
Haryana
12.7
20
Mizoram
9.5
21
Bihar
9.4
22
Assam
9.1
23
Orissa
8.8
24
Arunachal Pradesh
8.2
25
Meghalaya
5.3
26
Goa
0
27
J&K
0
28
Manipur
0
MDI indicators not considered in Marking
•Whether untied grants from State Plan/non plan have been transferred to all
GPs in preceding financial year
Status: In year 2011-12, Rs. 45 crores has been transferred and in year
2012-13 Rs. 96 crore has been transferred.
•Whether untied grants from State Finance Commission have been transferred
to all GPs in preceding financial year
Status: In year 2011-12 RS.700 crores transferred
•Percentage of water charges demand collected by PRIs
Status: 100% in case of schemes covered under major projects.
•Proportion of blocks where block level Diploma/Graduate engineers are
available in PHED/PRED/ZP/BP @ one for 1 lakh rural population exclusively
for rural water supply and sanitation
Status: 1660 engineers are available. In every district 2-3 Executive
Engineers are looking after the work of rural water supply under them 10-15
A.Ens, 20-30 J.Ens are assisting in the work at block level.
MDI indicators not considered in marking contd..
Proportion of filled up BRC Coordinators positions
Status: In the state 249 block coordinators and 667 cluster coordinators
are to be appointed out of which till date 134 block coordinators and 338
cluster coordinators have been appointed. A total of 472 coordinators
have been appointed out of 916 i.e. 52%.
Proportion of VWSC members trained in RWS functions for at least two
days in the previous year.
Status: Total 63,500 VWSC members have been trained uptill now. The
target for VWSC training in AAP 12-13 is 15000 VWSC members
Proportion of NRDWP Support funds spent on IEC and HRD activities
Status: Rs. 3457.44 lacs has been spent on IEC & HRD under NRDWP
support fund out of 4000 lacs i.e . 86% utilization.
The Challenges in Rajasthan:
• Lack of confidence at the political level in terms of capacity of
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Panchayat Raj Institutions. With the transfer of five departments
to PRIs, the ice has been broken and there are chances that other
subjects in the 11th schedule may also be gradually given to
PRIs.
The mind set of PHED engineers.
The lack of capacity of PRIs in maintaining the WSS is also a
handicap.
Depleting potable ground water reserves and deteriorating
ground water quality.
overcoming conflict of interest of different regions and different
user categories
The state faces a major water crisis every third or fourth year due
to recurrent drought. Therefore the GOR is cautious and want to
move forward slowly and steadily because water is central to the
entire development programming in Rajasthan.
The Way Forward
• State Water Policy adopted. Decentralize
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Governance accepted as a policy by State
Cabinet.
Capacity Building of PRI already taken up
in coordination with SIRD.
Change Management Groups formed at
state as well as divisional levels for change
of mind set of PHED engineers. Shortly
district level Change Management Groups
will be set up.
A total of 7873 Rain Water Harvesting
Structures and Ground Water Recharging
being taken up through NRDWP funds.
Setting up of BRCs expedited to ensure
gram panchayt level empowerment of PRIs.
Communication Campaign launched
through electronic media for demand
management both for drinking &
farming sector.
The Way Forward Contd…
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Village health and sanitation committee (VHSC) have
been designated as Village Health Water & Sanitation
Committee (VHW & SC) to work as VWSC as per
NRDWP guidelines to reduce multiplicity of
committees.
Step by step transfer of funds, functionaries and
functions on Pilot basis starting from 2 districts i.e.
Alwar & Udaipur. (Cabinet approval given)
Shortly a state level workshop is going to be held to
discuss the transfer model with stakeholders & their
feedback will be considered for ensuring smooth
transition.
MGNREGS funds are also being used for rain water
harvesting & ground water recharge through
gram panchayats.
IWRM plans being prepared in 2798 GPs in 11
districts
with active involvement of local
panchayats.
THANKS