Transcript THE OPTION OF TRANSPLANTATION
THE OPTION OF TRANSPLANTATION
LILLY BARBA, M.D.
MEDICAL DIRECTOR RENAL TRANSPLANT PROGRAM HARBOR-UCLA MEDICAL CENTER
OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF END STAGE RENAL DISEASE
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HEMODIALYSIS PERITONEAL DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
THE OPTION OF TRANSPLANTATION
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BEST OPTION TO RESTORE FEELING OF WELL BEING LIBERALIZATION OF FLUID AND DIETARY RESTRICTION ABILITY TO TRAVEL INCREASE IN LIFE SPAN AS COMPARED TO REMAINING ON DIALYSIS
RISKS OF TRANSPLANTATION
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MAJOR SURGICAL PROCEDURE WITH POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS INCLUDING: BLEEDING INFECTION REJECTION ANESTHESIA RISK DEATH
OPTION OF TRANSPLANTATION
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CHOSING THE OPTION OF TRANSPLANTATION SHOULD BE TAKEN WITH CAUTION IN GENERAL, HOWEVER, TRANSPLANTATION IS THE BEST OPTION FOR TREATING PEOPLE WITH KIDNEY DISEASE
PURSUING THE OPTION OF TRANSPLANTATION
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PATIENTS MAY BE REFERRED BY THEIR NEPHROLOGIST WHEN THE SERUM CREATININE IS 3.5 MG/DL OR ESTIMATED GFR < 20 CC/MIN THE REASON FOR EARLY REFERRAL IS TO ESTABLISH WAITING TIME OR READY FOR A PRE EMPTIVE TRANSPLANT
WAITING TIME
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UNOS (UNITED NETWORK FOR ORGAN SHARING) IS THE ORGANIZATION THAT OVERSEES ALL TRANSPLANT PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES TOLL FREE NUMBER 1-888-894-6361 INFORMATION LINE FOR TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES, RECIPIENTS AND FAMILY MEMBERS
UNOS
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UNOS ALSO MAINTAINS A WEB SITE, TRANSPLANT LIVING, WHICH CONTAINS INFORMATION FOR TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES AND RECIPIENTS AND FAMILY MEMBERS ADDRESS: WWW.TRANSPLANTLIVING.ORG
BENEFITS OF PRE EMPTIVE TRANSPLANTATION
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NO NEED TO START DIALYSIS: NO COMORBITIDIES ASSOCIATED WITH DIALYSIS BETTER QUALITY OF LIFE HIGHER EMPLOYMENT RATES POST TRANSPLANT NO NEED FOR AV GRAFT OR FISTULA PLACEMENT
BENEFITS OF PRE EMPTIVE TRANSPLANTATION
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DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT YEARS FOR A DECEASED DONOR PATIENTS WHO RECEIVE PRE EMPTIVE TRANSPLANTS HAVE BETTER OUTCOMES COSTS FOR MAINTAINING A TRANSPLANT PATIENT ARE LESS
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BARRIERS TO PRE EMPTIVE TRANSPLANTATION 2005 USRDS : INCIDENCE OF PRE EMPTIVE TRANSPLANTATION WAS 2.5% NKF CONSENSUS CITED REASONS: EARLY EDUCATION NEEDED TIMELY TRANSPLANT REFERRAL NEEDED IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL LIVING DONOR REFERRAL WHEN PATIENT IS REFERRED FOR AV ACCESS
CANDIDATES FOR TRANSPLANTATION
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THOSE PATIENTS WITH: PATIENTS WITH IRREVERSIBLE LOSS OF RENAL FUNCTION THOSE WITH CREATININE > 3.5 MG/DL AGE IS A RELATIVE FACTOR IN DETERMINING CANDIDACY
WHO IS NOT A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE ?
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THOSE PATIENTS WITH: ACTIVE INFECTION CANCER OR CANCER RECENTLY TREATED UNCORRECTABLE HEART PROBLEMS ADVANCED LUNG DISEASE
WHO IS NOT A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE ?
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THOSE PATIENTS WITH: ACTIVE STOMACH ULCERS CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER NO ELIGIBILITY FOR INSURANCE OR NO MEDICAL INSURANCE LACK OF A FAMILY/SOCIAL SUPPORT SYSTEM ONGOING KIDNEY DISEASE: VASCULITIS
WHO IS NOT A POTENTIAL CANDIDATE ?
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THOSE PATIENTS WITH: MORBID OBESITY SEVERE PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS NOT WELL CONTROLLED CONTINUED ALCOHOL, TOBACCO OR ILLICIT DRUG ABUSE AGE GREATER THAN 70 WITHOUT THE POTENTIAL FOR A LIVING DONOR
THOSE PATIENTS WITH PCKD
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OVERALL, PATIENTS WITH PCKD DO WELL PRE TRANSPLANT CLEARANCE MAY INCLUDE: CT SCAN OF THE ABDOMEN CT SCAN OF THE BRAIN ECHOCARDIOGRAM SURGICAL REMOVAL OF NATIVE KIDNEYS
THE TRANSPLANT SURGICAL PROCEDURE
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WHAT YOU SHOULD EXPECT FOLLOWING TRANSPLANT SURGERY SURGERY IS 3 – 5 HOURS UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA HOSPITAL STAY 5 – 7 DAYS AFTER SURGERY:
– FOLEY CATHETER – JACKSON PRATT DRAINAGE BULB (JP) – CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE LINE (CVP) – STAPLES HOLDING WOUND TOGETHER – POD # 1 : BEDREST POD # 2: START EATING – POD # 3: WALKING AS TOLERATED
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE MEDICATIONS
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CNI (TACROLIMUS OR CYCLOSPORINE) STEROID (PREDNISONE) ANTI-METABOLITE (CELLCEPT OR AZATHIOPRINE)
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MEDICATIONS CAN HAVE SIDE EFFECTS: COMMON SIDE EFFECTS TACROLIMUS/CYCLOSPORINE : TREMORS, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, HAIR GROWTH WITH CYCLOSPORINE, POSSIBLE DIABETES PREDNISONE: GASTRITIS, WEIGHT GAIN SECONDARY TO INCREASE APPETITE, DIFFICULT TO CONTROL DIABETES, ACNE, EASY BRUISING, INCREASE SENSITIVITY TO THE SUN
MEDICATIONS CAN HAVE SIDE EFFECTS: COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
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CELLCEPT: GAS, DIARRHEA, LOW WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT
TRANSPLANTATION OPTIONS
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PRE-EMPTIVE TRANSPLANTATION LIVING DONOR TRANSPLANTATION DECEASED DONOR TRANSPLANTATION: STANDARD CRITERIA EXTENDED CRITERIA DONOR AFTER CARDIAC DEATH
LIVING DONORS
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ANY PERSON WHO IS HEALTHY CAN BE EVALUATED FOR A TRANSPLANT CANNOT HAVE DIABETES, HYPERTENSION, KIDNEY DISEASE OR ACTIVE DRUG USE EACH TRANSPLANT PROGRAM SETS CRITERIA FOR DONOR
LIVING DONORS DO WELL
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SURGERY IS USUALLY DONE LAPARASCOPICALLY HOSPITAL STAY IS 3 DAYS MAXIMUM PAIN CONTROLLED WITH NARCOTICS RESUMPTION OF DAILY ACTIVITES IN 4 TO 8 WEEKS
LIVING DONORS DO WELL
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RESUMPTION OF NORMAL DAILY ACTIVITIES WITH 4 TO 8 WEEKS
LIVING DONORS DO WELL
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RISKS LOW: MORTALITY 0.03 %, SURGICAL RISKS ABOUT 3 % LONG TERM RISKS: HAVE TO BE EVALUATED IN CONTEXT OF PRE EXISITING PROBLEMS, DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL PROBLEMS AFTER DONATION AND GENERAL POPULATION RISKS OF DEVELOPING KIDNEY DISEASE WHICH IS APPROXIMATELY 2 % FOR CAUCASIANS AND 7.5 % FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS
LIVING RELATED DONATION IN PKD FAMILIES
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OWING TO THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN EXCLUDING PKD IN RELATED POTENTIAL DONORS, PATIENTS WITH PKD RECEIVE FEWER LIVING RELATED KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS
LIVING RELATED DONATION IN PKD FAMILIES
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ULTRASOUND IS INSUFFICIENTLY INSENSITIVE TO EXCLUDE DISEASE BEFORE THE AGE OF 30 YEARS GENETIC TESTING CAN BE USED THROUGH ANALYSIS OF LINKED FLANKING POLYMORPHIC GENETIC MARKERS OR THE USE OF DIRECT MUTATION ANALYSIS
DECEASED DONORS
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DIFFERENCE IN ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL DECEASED DONOR HALF-LIFE 7 TO 12 YEARS LIVING DONOR HALF-LIFE IS 20 YEARS RISK OF REJECTION MAY BE HIGHER ESPECIALLY IS DONOR IS NOT RELATED TO RECIPIENT
WAITING TIME FOR A DECEASED DONOR
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BLOOD GROUPS ARE O, A, AB, B AVERAGE WAITING TIME FOR AN O KIDNEY IS THE GREATER LA AREA IS 7 TO 10 YEARS B PATIENTS WAIT GREATER THAN 5 YEARS
DISCUSSION WITH TRANSPLANT CENTER
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WHICH IS THE BEST OPTION FOR ME?
EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL DONORS COMPLETION OF WORK-UP IN A TIMELY BASIS HEAR ALL THE OPTIONS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
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TRANSPLANTATION IS THE BEST OPTION FOR PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASE COMPLICATIONS ARE POSSIBLE LIVING DONATION IS ENCOURAGED ESPECIALLY TO EXPEDITE TRANSPLANTATION, FOR LONG TERM SUCCESS