Transcript L001CopyrightInternetTeachingOnline

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Copyright, the Internet and
teaching online
Centre for Learning Technology
March 2011
Introduction to session
• Aimed at staff using Moodle
• An introduction to copyright law and
licensing schemes
• Copyright and the Internet
• Digitising text
• Linking to e-journals
• Images and multimedia
• Conclusions and any questions
What the session does not
cover….
• Publishing contracts for LSE staff
– For more information contact Academic
Publications Unit (Beverly Friedgood)
• Other intellectual property rights e.g
trademarks, patents etc.
Before you upload content think
COPYRIGHT!
©
Before you design a course,
think COPYRIGHT!
What is copying?
What copying is permitted
for education?
Discuss in pairs…..
What does copying mean?
•
•
•
•
•
Photocopying
Scanning / digitising
Taking photographs
Printing copies
Downloading and re-distributing material
via e-mail or via a network
• Infringing copyright in an electronic
environment is very easy
What copying is not
• Showing a video / website in class
• Linking to resources on the web
• Linking to e-journal resources
• Redrawing a diagram yourself
Scenarios & discussion
Lecturer A wants to upload a chapter
from a book he has written to Moodle
for use by his class – can he do this?
Lecturer B wants to scan a chapter from a
book and make it available to students on her
course via Moodle… can she do this?
Lecturer C has downloaded an article from an
e-journal and would like to upload it to Moodle
so his class can read it – he has a personal
subscription to the journal, but would it matter
if the Library had a subscription?
What is copyright?
• For a work to be subject to copyright it must:
– be original
– be fixed (important in electronic environment)
– the author must be a qualified national (from a country
that recognises copyright law)
• Copyright covers literary works, dramatic works,
artistic works, photos, maps, works of
architecture, musical works, broadcasts,
typography, films, websites, even e-mail
messages
Works do not have to be registered by © but it
helps. Copyright does not cover ideas but the
way they are expressed
UK Copyright Law
Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988
Full text available: http://www.hmso.gov.uk/
Amended by
a number of
statutory
instruments
EU Directive implemented
October 2003 to harmonize
copyright law:
Commercial copying not covered by
fair dealing
Gowers Review of IPR may lead to
changes in UK law…..
Who owns copyright?
• The primary author usually owns
copyright in a work
– However, copyright can be bought,
sold, leased etc.
– Also depends on format of material
– The author is not necessarily a person,
but might be an organisation
?
Who owns copyright in a
literary work?
Usually person who
creates work but rights
may be transferred to a
publisher
?
Who owns copyright in a
sound recording?
Usually the producer, but
copyright will exist in the
music score, the song lyrics
and the performance of a work
?
Who owns copyright in a
film?
The producer and the
principal director, but
copyright also exists in
the screenplay & and
soundtrack
Copyright and Higher
Education
• Works created as part of your
employment are owned by your employer
• Grey area with teaching materials but LSE
has no formal statement
• Research can be owned by funding body
and if public money might insist on open
access
• But students own copyright in all their
work unless there is a written agreement
to transfer rights.
Limitations to copyright
• Quantity
– Copyright protects substantial part of
work, therefore using insubstantial
part is not infringing
– Substantial is not defined in law
– Definition could vary depending on
format and type of material copied
• Duration - copyright is not forever!
Duration of copyright quiz
Literary / artistic works
p 70 years
p 90 year
p 100 years from
death of author
If author unknown
p 70 years
p 90 year
p 100 years from
when created or
published
Sound recordings
p 30 years
p 50 years
p 70 years from year
made
Films
p 30 years
p 50 years
p 70 years
from death of the last of
the director, screenplay
author, composer etc
Duration of copyright quiz
Literary / artistic works
u 70 years
p 90 year
p 100 years from
death of author
If author unknown
u 70 years
p 90 year
p 100 years from
when created or
published
Sound recordings
p 30 years
u 50 years
p 70 years from year
made
Films
p 30 years
p 50 years
u 70 years
from death of the last of
the director, screenplay
author, composer etc
‘Fair Dealing’ or the
Permitted Acts
• The permitted acts are defences in a court of
law they are not rights
• ‘Fair dealing’ permits copying:
– for ‘research and private study’ (must be
non-commercial research)
– for criticism and review
– for reporting of current events
• Fair dealing is not the same as Fair Use in the US
– copying for educational purposes is allowed
only by non-mechanical means (i.e. not by a
photocopier)
• Now read more in Moodle course
The Copyright Licensing Agency
(CLA) Higher Education Licence
• Covers multiple copying of most UK and
some international publications
(excluded list for works not covered)
• 5% of a work, 1 chapter, 1 journal article
• Includes copying for paper course packs
• Digital copying is different though!
• More information on CLA website
http://www.cla.co.uk
Digitisation of readings
• Most UK publications are now covered by the
CLA Scanning Licence
• All requests must go to the Library as scanning
carried out centrally as records must be kept
• Not all publishers grant digital rights
• Cost can be based on length of article and
number of students
• Material is licensed each year and needs to be
renewed
• Further details from [email protected]
The Educational Recording
Agency (ERA) Licence
• The Licence permits staff to record for
educational purposes any radio or television
broadcast output of ERA's Members
• Includes BBC channels ,Channel 4, Channel 5,
ITV channels
• Items must be labelled correctly
• Copying can take place at home or place of work
• Cable and satellite not covered but free to air
can be recorded under the Copyright Act
• Digital or analogue recording covered
• More information on ERA website
http://www.era.org.uk/
Multimedia resources
• CLT have experience of clearing rights for audio
and video for inclusion in Moodle
• Broadcasts can be digitised under the ERA
Licence and streamed via Moodle (considered
classroom use)
• Videos and DVDs purchased for home use
cannot be copied without permission from the
publishers
• Can be difficult and expensive to clear rights for
film unless it has been broadcast
• Educational videos and small production
companies may be more receptive
Copyright and the
Internet
• Information on the internet is subject to copyright
like any other information – free to view, not copy!
• Websites can be copied in accordance with fair
dealing unless there is a explicit licence or
conditions
• If websites have licence or terms and conditions –
read these
• Example from The National Archives
– Crown Copyright
– Images cannot be copied without permission
– Encourages linking to their website
Crown Copyright websites
• Crown copyright material subject to a waiver –
so can be copied without infringing
• ‘Unrestricted copying’ of certain categories of
material permitted
• Most material on UK central government
websites can be used for educational purposes
without permission
• Some operate a ‘click and use’ licence but no fee
• For more details see Office of Public Sector
Information copyright guidance
Linking to other websites
• Linking obviously fundamental part of the web
but there are good practice guidelines
• Different types of links: surface links, deep
links, frame links
• Ensure links to external sites open in new
windows to avoid ‘passing off’ site as your own
• Will need to request permission unless terms
and conditions specifically allow downloading /
multiple copying
• Example of the Guardian Terms and Conditions
Using Electronic Journals
• Thousands of titles subscribed to by LSE – first
need to identify which e-journals are available
• Should link rather than download articles
• Can link to:
– Journal titles to allow browsing
– Journal articles to provide access to core
readings
• Often need a stable /persistent link or Digital
Object Identifier (DOI)
• Should ensure readings open in new window
Linking to a journal article

Instructions vary depending on database
provider e.g. JSTOR make it clear which links are
stable

Authentication: e-journals will require LSE
username and password to access off-campus.
Also need to add Library proxy server
Training available for staff and Moodle editors


More help at:
http://clt.lse.ac.uk/library-resources/E-journals/index.php
Using Images: in Moodle, in
PowerPoint
• Images are subject to copyright and belong to
the person who created them
• Photographs belong to person who took photo
• Photographs of other people (e.g. students) may
be subject to Data Protection Act
• Increasingly organisations are watermarking
images to protect their digital rights
• Many websites have free images
• Collections of images also available for
educational use
• If in doubt should ask permission first!
The Education Image
Gallery
• Collection of images copyright cleared for
teaching and research from Hulton Getty
archives
• 55,000 images including major social and
political events of 20th century
• Some images selected by academics and
organised by themes
• Available from the Electronic Library or from
http://www.edina.ac.uk/eig/
• Requires LSE username / password but can use
images in Moodle, in PowerPoint and in
handouts – not on the web
Creative Commons
• Concept of ‘some rights reserved’
• Licences which permit material to be used for
non-commercial purposes
• Can licence your own materials for re-use
• Several different licenses – for commercial / noncommercial, attribution, share alike etc.
• Can search for creative commons licensed
materials for example images
• Excellent source of images for use in teaching
Linking to a website /
downloading
• Example of linking to / downloading from the
British Library website
• Read BL copyright statement
http://www.bl.uk/copyrightstatement.html
• Linking to items on the website would not be
infringing (open in new window – ideally not
deep links)
• The site can be “accessed, printed and
downloaded in an unaltered form, with
copyright acknowledged, on a temporary basis
for personal study and non-commercial use.”
Conclusions and general
advice
• Think about copyright issues before you create
your teaching materials
• Be wary of relying on sources that you do not
own the rights as you will need permission
• You can legally use a variety of resources in elearning, but if in doubt ask CLT for specific
advice
• Do not upload material to Moodle without
appropriate copyright clearance
• If you infringe copyright law LSE is liable
Where to go for more
information
Online course in Moodle:
http://moodle.lse.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=662
Websites
Patent Office website
http://www.patent.gov.uk/copy/
World Intellectual Property Organization
http://www.wipo.org/
The Copyright Circle
http://www.copyrightcircle.co.uk/