Transcript Identifying landslide triggers and delineating inundation zones

Identifying landslide triggers and
estimating inundation zones in the
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Applications of Spatial Analysis tools and
ArcInfo Workstation software
ATS 515 – Advanced Topics in GIS
Robert Griffin, Instructor
28 February 2012
Eric R. Anderson
University of Alabama in Huntsville
Department of Atmospheric Science
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Lesson Outline
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Overall goals and specific objectives
Context and important concepts
Pinpoint landslide triggers
Simulate rock avalanche inundation zones
Visualize results (time permitting)
Discuss the methods and results
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Overall goals and specific objectives
• Pinpoint locations most prone to slope failure
• Delineate rock fall inundation hazard zones
1.
Perform basic surface and hydrology analyses of high resolution
digital terrain model (DTM)
2.
Predict the locations of unstable conditions as a function of slope
and upslope contributing area
3.
Simulate rock avalanches to estimate inundation hazard areas
4.
(time permitting) Visualize results in ArcScene.
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Context and important concepts
• Annual losses attributed to landslides are greater
than any other natural disaster except hurricanes
(Lee 2009)
– $3 billion + annually in the US (USGS 2006)
– $10 billion + annually worldwide (Lee 2009)
• Where they happen
• Types of landslides
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Landslide potential in the U.S.
Red – very high
Yellow – high
green – moderate
(Abbott 2012)
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Classification of Mass Movements
• Speed and water content
(Abbott 2012)
Insert Table 15.2
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Classification of Mass Movements
• Downward – falling or
subsiding
• Downward and
outward – sliding and
flowing
(Abbott 2012)
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Falls
• Elevated rock mass separates along joint, bedding or
weakness and falls downward through air in free fall until
hitting the ground, bouncing and rolling
Yosemite National Park, California, 1996
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162,000 ton granite mass slid and
launched into air, fell 500 m before
hitting valley floor
Blast knocked down 1,000 trees
50 acres covered with inch-thick layer of
dust
One person killed by tree
(Abbott 2012)
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Flows
La Conchita, CA, Slump, Debris Flows, 1995, 2005
• Cliff behind La Conchita is ancient landslide
• 1995: two slow landslides destroyed 14 houses, no deaths
• 2005: 15% of 1995 slide mass remobilized into highly fluid debris flow, at
10 m/sec, went over retaining wall, destroyed 13 houses, damaged 23
others, killed 10 people
(Abbott 2012)
1995
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
2005
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Landslide
Susceptibility in
Alabama
(extract of Madison County)
• Moderate to Very
High susceptibility
throughout Monte
Sano State Park and
the Land Trust
By: Sandy M. Ebersole,
Steven Driskell and
Anthony M. Tavis. Geologic
Mapping and Hazards
Section, Geological Survey
of Alabama, December
2011.
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Landslide triggers
• Converging upslope contributing areas
• Failure slope threshold
• Regions of continuous steep slopes
(Montgomery and Dietrich 1994; Dietrich et al
1998; in Griswold 2012)
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Inundation hazard zones
• LAHARZ software
• For a given volume, V, Objectively delineates
hazard zones based on elevation
– Cross-sectional inundation area, A
– Planimetric inundation area, B
• Iverson et al 1998
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Inundation hazard zones
(Iverson, USGS)
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Exercises
• Part I – identify trigger cells in ArcGIS Desktop
• Part II – delineate hazard zones using LAHARZ
in Arc Workstation
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Field observations
• Environment of trigger points
• Evidence of past landslides
• Evidence of slumping
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Visualize the results
• Open the following in ArcScene:
– Original DEM
– Hillshade
– Triggers shapefile
– LAHARZ outputs
• For all layers, set Base Heights to DEM
– Right click on layer/Properties/Base Heights/
Floating on Custom Surface
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Discussion
1. What were our inputs for a) trigger and
b) inundation estimates?
2. What are the assumptions?
3. What are the uncertainties, and how do we
deal with these?
4. How can we improve these models?
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve
Acknowledgements
• Julia Griswold, Steve Schilling, Jon Major, USGS
• Sundar Christopher, Robert Griffin, Tom Sever, Kevin
Knupp, Stephanie Mullins, Africa Flores, UAHuntsville
• Daniel Irwin, Jason Kessler, Gwen Artis, Ashutosh Limaye,
Francisco Delgado, Burgess Howell, Karthik Srinivasan,
NASA/SERVIR
• Carrie Stokes, Michelle Jennings, Orlando Altamirano,
Ruben Aleman, USAID
• Emilio Sempris, Emil Cherrington, Antonio Clemente,
Alejandro del Castillo, CATHALAC
• Manuel Diaz, Giovanni Tobar, Karla Marroquín, Luis
Mixco, SNET/MARN (El Salvador)
Eric R. Anderson, M.S. Candidate
Graduate Research Assistant (SERVIR)
Landslide triggers and inundation zones in
Monte Sano Nature Preserve