Transcript Kolli Hills
Traditions and Local Rights over Genetic resources in the context of Community Biodiversity Management Malayali E.D.Israel Oliver King and Saujanendra Swain M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation Context • Role of Communities in conserving Plant genetic resources • Customary practices and local rights of Farmers • Drivers of change and its effect over PGR • Dynamic Community Biodiversity Management and process of Empowerment Kolli Hills Tribal Settlement Malayali Tribe Terraced Fields Paddy field Hut Folk lore, Folk Songs and Life of the Tribal Communities Kummipadal Parambupadal Odukkai padal Kuravan Kurathi padal Thirumanapadal Attukattupadal Komalipadal Servai padal Andikolam padal Sacred Forests Ancestral Worship Ayyanappattan, Panguliappattan Goddesses Worship Sanskritzed Traditions Kongayi, Pidari, Ettukkai,Kannimar, Rathathamman, Kollippavai Perumansolai and Masiperiasamisolai Traditional Farming Mixed Farming Back yard poultry Upland Paddy Threshing Yard Stall Feeding Customary Practices Quality Seed Selection Community Seed Bank Manual Dehusking Seed Exchange Interaspecific Millet Diversity in Kolli Hills • • • • Little millet Italian millet Common millet Kodo millet (Samai) (Thinai) (Panivaragu) (Varagu) Panicum sumatrance Setaria italica Panicum miliaceum Paspalum scrobiculatum Plant Genetic Resources o Secondary centre of Origin of Rice (1750 landraces) (24 aromatic, 27 flood resistant, 2 deep water and 10 drought resistant and some others are insect/ pest resistant, puffing quality, etc.) o o o o o 8 species of minor millets, 9 species of pulses, 5 species of oil seeds, 3 species of fibrous plants, 7 species of vegetables Some valuable rice landraces preserved by tribal farmers for religious function Rice variety Predominant quality Festivals Time of maturity (Month) Kalakrishna Scented All festivals January Tulsi Scented Chaitra Parva Machhakanta White slender short grins, Manabasa and good taste Lakshmi Puja November Mer Black grains with medicinal properties Annual ceremony of forefathers November * Kalajeera Scented Temple deities November Haladichudi White slender long grains, Shakti puja good taste December Deulabhoga Bold and short grains, Temple deities reddish tinge on cooking with mild scent preferred during worship at temples December April Factors responsible for Erosion of crops and Dwindling Customary Practices Factors Intensity (* - less, ** strong and ***- very strong influence) Introduction of commercial crops like tapioca, coffee, pepper etc with good market linkages and promotion by govt.policies *** Access to PDS *** Rainfall variability especially onset ** Conversion of land to agro forestry * Lack of market channels *** Drudgery in processing ** Culinary esteem of alternate crops * Land fragmentation * Peer group pressure and other constraints * Limited availability of farmyard manure * Shift from Subsistence Economy to Cash Economy In the Changing Socio cultural Context Will communities sustain with their Customary management practices of Biodiversity ? Integrated Approaches in CBM – Formal Grass root institution building Seed multiplication & distribution Technology appraisal Skill enhancement Processing & Value Addition Marketing Linkage System management Role Change Participatory Research Conservation Seed Multiplication Seed Storage – Thombai Seed exchange Cultivation Seed Distribution Cultivation Traditional method of cultivation Between Row spacing 20 cm Between Plant spacing 10 cm Participatory Plant Improvement to achieve higher productivity Modified method of Cultivation Drudgery Reduction and Consumption Drudgery in Pounding rpWjhdpak; muit ,ae;jpuk; fy; ePf;fp ,ae;jpuk; ckp ePf;fp ,ae;jpuk; FINGER MILLET khT ,ae;jpuk; ney; miuf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; LITTLE MILLET ITALAN MILLET Mapy; Nkhl;lh; Traditional Recipes of Millet Foods Value addition Training Capacity Building on Processing Millets VALUE ADDED RECIPES OF SAMAI (Little Millet) & THINAI (Italian Millet) Samai Rice Samai Sweet Puttu Samai Kara Paniyaram Thinai Rice Thinai Sweet Puttu Thinai Kara Paniyaram Samai Wheat Flour Dosai Thinai Wheat Flour Dosai Thinai Pakoda Samai Thinai Ribbon Pakoda Samai Uppuma Samai Sweet Pongal Samai Payasam Samai Kara Pongal Samai Thinai Omapodi Thinai Uppuma Thinai Sweet Pongal Thinai Payasam Thinai Kara Pongal Samai Thinai Adai Samai Poorna Kozhukkatai Samai Sweet Idiappam Samai Idli Samai Thinai Keera Roti Samai Thinai Vadai Samai Kara Kozhukkatai Thinai Poorna Kozhukkatai Thinai Kara Kozhukkatai Samai Thinai Kara Idiappam Thinai Idli Samai Bonda Samai Thinai Murukku Thinai Sweet Idiappam Samai Thinai Sweet Paniyaram Samai Dosai Thinai Dosai Samai Pakoda Thinai Bonda Thinai Adhirasam Samai Thinai Kachayam (Photograph: Dr. E. D. Israel Oliver King) Campaign for Conservation and Promotion of millets Folk Theatre Road Show Exhibitions Niche Market Linkages City Market Chennai (2) Coimbatore (3) Madurai (1) Local Market Kolli Hills (2) Ooty (1) Trichy (1) Peri Urban Market Namakkal (5) Tiruvannamalai (2) Tanjavur (1) Infrastructure Development of Millet Processing Mills Sale Deed Dhan Settlement Legal Processes of Empowerment • • • • • MOU with the Block development Office Partnership deed for Nanbargal SHG Tax Payer’s Identification Number certificate (TIN) Sales Tax Certificate (CTC) Small scale industry certificate (SSI) Sales Deed Partnership Deed TIN Cert Sales Tax Cert SSIC Cert KHABCOFED (Kolli Hills Agro biodiversity Conservers federation) in the Empowerment process • • • • • • • • Tribal Farmer collectives Access to information Access to Credits Increased mobility Public participation Governorship over common property resources Collective Decision Making processes Awareness about the PGR and policy related issues Kalajeera (An aromatic Rice for Promotion) • Formation of Kalinga Kalajeera Rice Growers Cooperative Society (KKRGCS) • 500 acres , involving more than 700 farm families • Procurement by NAFED • One & half times more price than other rice • GI trial of Kalajeera in 5district Community Recognition & Reward Krishi Bisharad Sanman ICAR, New Delhi, 2002 Equator Initiative Award UNDP, Johansburg, 2002 Genome Savior Award PPV&FR Authority, Govt. of India, 2006 Felicitation by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Orissa, 2004 Thank You