CARDIAC DRUG REVIEW
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Transcript CARDIAC DRUG REVIEW
CARDIAC DRUG REVIEW
WHAT DO YOU “SEE” WHEN
YOU STIMULATE BETA
VASODILATE
BRONCHODILATE
+CHRONOTROPE
+INOTROPE
EPI’S OTHER NAME?
ADRENALIN
WHAT DOES EPI DO THAT
NOREPI AND DOPAMINE DO
NOT DO?
BETA 2
BRONCHODILATOR
1:1000 MEANS?
1
GRAM/1000 ML
1MG/1ML
WHO IS THIS 1:1 GIVEN TO?
ALIVE
PATIENTS
ASTHMA/ALLERGIC
REACTION
SAFEST ROUTE
DOSE?
How
many mls is each dose?
HOW DO YOU MIX AN EPI
INFUSION?
1
MG /250 ML
RUN AT
?
Epi is given first line to what
pulseless rhythms?
V Fib
V Tach
Asystole
PEA
How
often?
What dilution?
Why is Epi given during a
resusucitation?
Alpha
action-vasoconstriction
throughout body
Perfuses the heart and brain
CPR directs perfusion to the
above
Use ANS terms to describe
Epinephrine.
Alpha
stimulating
Beta stimulating
Sympathomimetic
Adrenergic
Catecholamine
What are 4 generic rules for
ANS pressor agents?
Don’t
abruptly DC
infusion/taper
BP must be monitored
in Trauma-never first line
Tissue sloughing may
occur-watch site
What are 4 generic rules for
Catecholamines?
Bicarb
inactivates them
Assess if currently on a Symp
drug
if on Beta Blocker may need to
increase dose
Do not work if pH to acid (below
7.2)
Other names for Dopamine?
Intropin
Dopastat
How is Dopamine different
from the other alpha agents?
List FIVE
No
IV bolus
Infusion only
Dopaminergic-dilates
renal/mesenteric
Causes hypotension
Given based on weight
Mix a Dopamine drip?
400
mg/250 ml
The Dopaminergic effects
occur MAINLY at what rate?
1-4
mcg/kg/min
Describe what happens when
Dopamine is infused at 5-10
mcg/kg/min.
primarily
Beta
some
vasoconstriction,
more closer to 10
10-20 mcg/kg/min of
Dopamine results in
predominately
alpha
actions with
substantial
vasoconstriction
Finish thisat 10 mcg/kg/ min you run
Dopamine at
20
or 30 or 40
Your patient is in cardiac arrest.
What drugs could you administer
via the ETT?
Epinephrine
Vasopressin
Don’t really give these anymore-but OK ET
Lidocaine
Atropine
Indications for Vasopressin?
Cardiac
arrest
don’t worry about
hemodynamic support in vasodilatory shock
Dose of Vasopressin?
40
units
How many times can you repeat the
dose?
How is Vasopressin different
from the other pressors?
List Four
Not
alpha, ANS, sympathetic,
Beta, etc
Bolus only
“units”
not as bad at irritating/stimulating
the heart
long half life-10-20 minutes
What are the S&S of
Symptomatic Bradycardia?
List Five
hypotension
altered
LOC
signs of shock
ischemic chest discomfort
acute heart failure
First line drug for the treatment of
symptomatic bradycardia is
WHY?
ATROPINE
only
action is to increase
heart rate, no other
demand on the heart
What
is the first line NON drug for
the rx of symptomatic brady?
Describe Atropine using ANS
words.
List Four
Parasympatholytic
+
chronotrope
Anticholinergic
Parasympathetic blocking
Vagolytic
What is a non-cardiac use for
Atropine?
Describe
Organophosphate poisoning
Organophosphates
stimulate the
Parasympathetic nervous system.
Atropine blocks this.
What is the dose of Atropine?
0.5
mg IV bolus
What may happen if you give less than
that?
Total dose of Atropine?
Two answers!
3
mg
0.04 mg/kg
What side effect of Atropine
interferes with your assessment?
Dilates
pupils!
Atropine may not work in
symptomatic brady if the patient
is
WHY?
hypotensive
or has
myocardial hypoxia
can’t get to where it needs
to go
OR
heart cannot respond
Another + chronotrope you could
give AFTER Atropine, Dopamine,
Epi and a TCP is
ISUPREL!
Using ANS terms, describe
Isuprel
List Four
pure
Beta
+ chronotrope
+ inotrope
Sympathomimetic
Catecholamine
What would Isuprel do directly
to BP?
lower
What
it, cause hypotension
would it do indirectly to
the BP?
Your patient is in A Fib, HR of
220. You want to slow the rate
with a medication.
List two that would be
appropriate.
Verapamil
Diltiazem
What are the other names for the
above drugs?
What are the actions of these
two drugs?
List MAIN three
Negative
chronotrope (at AV)
Negative inotrope
Coronary and peripheral
vasodilation
Why might the CCB cause
CHF or make it worse?
Which one is worse at the
above?
They are both negative inotropes
Verapamil is the stronger inotrope, not a
big worry in Diltiazem
You would administer Dilt/Verap
to Narrow QRS tachy only in
what situation?
if
Adenosine had not worked
The CCB are contraindicated
in what TACHY rhythms?
Name TWO, be specific.
WPW
in A Fib
V tach
Any wide QRS tachy of unknown
origin
Also--
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Second/Third degree block
Your pt received ?? at the Urgent Care
for her Tachy.
You must not give the pt a CCB now.
What is the drug?
Beta
Blocker IV
Describe the
of Diltiazem.
Be specific
st
1
AND
nd
2
dose
0.25
mg/kg over 2 minutes
15-20 is reasonable first dose
In
15 minutes repeat dose is 0.35
mg/kg over 2 minutes
20-25 is a reasonable dose for
the average pt
Describe the first and second
dose of Verapamil
Be Specific
Initial
dose 5 mg IV bolus
Repeat dose 5-10 mg in 15-30
minutes if dysrhythmia persists
and no adverse response to first
dose
What may be tried prior to the
admin of CCB in a stable patient?
Vagal
maneuvers
Your pt is in A fib, hypotensive
and deteriorating rapidly you
should…
Cardiovert
If
patient is unstable in ANY
tachycardia, cardioversion
rules!
You have overdosed your
patient with Verapamil.
What drug could you give to
attempt to prevent toxic
effects?
Calcium
Chloride
What is the dose of Calcium?
500-1000
mg
10% solution
Administer with extreme caution
IF AT ALL to patients on
Digoxin,
May
Digitalis etc
precipitate what?
What is a non-overdose
indication of CA++?
How does Calcium help in this
setting?
Known or suspected hyperkalemia
helps stabilize the myocardial cell
membrane
What does Bicarb do?
Talk Chemistry!
decreases
acid by combining
with H+ and then with ventilation
eliminating CO2
What must the patient be
“doing” when giving Bicarb?
Breathing!
on
their own or via ETT
What is the dose of Bicarb?
1
mEq/kg
or
?
Never mix with…..
Name TWO
Calcium
Catecholamines
What overdose would you use
Bicarb for?
Cyclic
Antidepressant
What are the indications for
Mag Sulfate?
Name Three
Torsade
de Pointes
Eclampsia
Asthma
life threatening dysrhythmias due to dig
toxicity
What is the dose of Mag when
treating Torsade?
Both pulseless and with a pulse
1-2
grams diluted in 10 ml
D5W
pulseless
1-2 grams in 50-100 ml D5W
with a pulse
What are two actions of Mag that
would help treat Eclampsia?
Smooth
muscle relaxer
=vasodilation
CNS depressant
What are the two main actions
of Adenosine?
Negative
chronotrope
Weak bronchoconstrictor
so..cautious
patients?
with what
What are the top three side
effects of Adenosine?
They occur commonly.
Facial
Flushing
Dyspnea
Chest pressure/pain
Describe the dosing of
Adenosine, including max.
6
mg IV bolus over 1-3
seconds
repeat in 1-2 minutes 12 mg
may repeat a second 12 mg
total dose 30 mg
For Adenosine to be most
effective…
List four steps for
administration
Start
IV proximal, close to central
circ
Give as close to injection site as
possible
Inject rapidly
Administer a small bolus of fluid
(20ml) and elevate arm
Describe how Adenosine is
beneficial in A Fib/Flutter
May
help to diagnose but will
not treat
What are the Sympathetic NS
actions of Amiodarone?
Alpha blocker
Vasodilation
Beta blocker
negative chronotrope
negative inotrope
negative dromotrope
What “channels” does it
affect?
Na
K
Ca
Thus
-slows conduction through vents
-slows heart rate and ↑ AV node conduction
-increases refractory period (atria/vent)
What two PNB rhythms may
receive Amiodarone?
V
TACH
V FIB
Why would you never give this drug
to PEA or Asystole?
What are the side effects of
Amiodarone?
List two and describe why they
are side effects.
Hypotension
Brady
beta blocker
AV block
alpha blocker
beta block and calcium blocked
TDP
increase QT
Amiodarone dose in PNB is
300
mg IV/IO
second dose in 3-5 minutes
consider 150 mg
in practice most do not dilute
10-15
mls/20-30 mls D5W
Amiodarone dose in Tachy
WITH a pulse is
150
mg in 100 ml D5W over 10
minutes (15mg/min) no one uses this
May repeat every 10
minutes as needed
Rhythm
is WPW with A fib
The two drugs used to treat this
rhythm are?
Procainamide should be given
until
List all 4
dysrythmia
is suppressed
QRS duration increases by
> 50%
hypotension occurs
total dose of 17 mg/kg is
administered
Procainamide decreases
excitability in what part of the
heart?
Atria
Purkinje
fibers
Ventricles
Do not use Procainamide in
what ventricular rhythm?
Torsades
Why?
Do
not give with what
drug…because they both do
the same as above?
A patient is in Ventricular escape at a rate
of 40 with frequent PVCs. What would
happen to the rhythm if Lidocaine was
given?
Lidocaine
(or Pronestyl or
Cordarone) could eliminate all
ventricular response and
patient could go into Asystole.
What action does Lido have that
Amiodarone nor Procainamide
have?
It
helps decrease an elevation in
ICP
it is an anesthetic
Lidocaine, because it is an
anesthetic has CNS side effects.
List Four
Altered
LOC
Slurred speech
Visual disturbances
Muscle twitching
Seizures
The end…are you exhausted?