Transcript OCULAR ANATOMY

‫مقرر طب وجراحة العيون‬
‫الفصل الثاني – لعام ‪1428/1429‬هـ‬
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‫‪S.Khairallah, M.D.‬‬
‫‪Ocular Anatomy‬‬
OCULAR ANATOMY
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GLOBE (EYE BALL)
CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS
LACRIMAL SYSTEM
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
NERVES
ORBIT
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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL):
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TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM
LAYERS(COATES)
CHAMBERS
LENS & ZONULES
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THE EYEBALL,cont’d:
• TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM:
Axial length ..24 mm.
Equator ..16 mm.posterior to limbus
Diopteric power:
cornea … 40 D
lens … 20 D
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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL):
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•
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TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM
LAYERS(COATES)
CHAMBERS
LENS & ZONULES
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COATES OF EYE
OUTER
CORNEA
MIDDLE
“Uveal tract”
IRIS
INNER
RETINA
LIMBUS
CILIARY
BODY
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SCLERA
CHOROID
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OUTER COATE (LAYER):
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PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM
CORNEA
SCLERA
LIMBUS
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PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM:
• THREE LAYERS:
– Outer most : lipids …Meibomian , Zeiss
and Moll glands
– Middle : aqueous(watery) …Lacrimal and
accessory lacrimal glands
– Inner most : mucinous(mucoid) …Goblet
cells
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PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM:
• FUNCTIONS:
– Optical clarity
– Nutrition
– Defense mechanism
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OUTER COATE (LAYER):
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PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM
CORNEA
SCLERA
LIMBUS
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CORNEA :
• THREE LAYERS:
– Epithelium / Bowman’s membrane
– Stroma
– Endothelium / Descemete’s membrane
• DIAMETER : 12 mm.Horiz. / 11 mm.Vertic.
• NERVE : Trigeminal,nonmylinated
• BLOOD SUPPLY: NONE “AVASCULAR”
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OUTER COATE (LAYER):
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PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM
CORNEA
SCLERA
LIMBUS
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SCLERA :
• THREE LAYERS :
– Episclera
– Stroma
– Lamina fusca
• TWO OPPENINGS : anterior & posterior
• THICKEST ..1 mm. , THINNEST..0.3mm
• NERVES : anterior;long ciliary n.
posterior;short ciliary n.
both:sensory from trigeminal n.:
EXTREMELY PAINFULL WHEN INFLAMMED
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SCLERA,cont’d:
• BLOOD SUPPLY:
– Episclera & choroidal vesseles.
– Anterior to recti muscle’s insertion:• Anterior ciliary arteries  ciliary injection
– Posterior to recti muscle’s insertion:• Posterior ciliary arteries
• LYMPHATICS :
• None
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OUTER COATE (LAYER):
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PRECORNEAL TEAR FILM
CORNEA
SCLERA
LIMBUS
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LIMBUS:
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It is corneo-scleral junction
Covered by conj./Tenon’s capsule
Aqueous humor drainage system
Nerves:autonomic n.& sensory
from trigeminal n.
• Blood:ant.ciliary arteries&episcleral
vesseles
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COATES OF EYE
OUTER
CORNEA
MIDDLE
“Uveal tract”
IRIS
INNER
RETINA
LIMBUS
CILIARY
BODY
_____
SCLERA
CHOROID
_____
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MIDDLE COATE:
• =Uveal tract (uvea = grape ‫(عنب‬
• 3 parts :
ANTERIOR
INTERMEDIATE
POSTERIOR
IRIRS
CILIARY
BODY
CHOROID
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IRIS (‫(القزحية‬:
• It has a central hole (pupil) to control light
entering the eye ( ↓ glare)
• It’s thinnest at its insertion to Ciliary Body!
(traumatic iris dialysis)
• Two layers: anterior  stroma
posterior  epithelium
• Two muscles: sphincter pupillae m.(para.n.)
dilator pupillae m.(sym.n.)
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IRIS,cont’d:
• Blood : major arterial circle of iris
• Nerve : sensory,nasociliary n.(5th C.N.)
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CILIARY BODY:
• It’s a triangular organ,base forward
• Two portions: uveal & epithelial
– Uveal portion:3 muscles;longitudinal,radial
and circular
– Epithelial portion:pars plicata & pars plana
• Blood:majot arterial circle of iris
• Nerve:short ciliary nerves
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CHOROID:
• It’s posterior part of uveal tract
• It’s 3 vascular layers , inner most :
choriocapillaris
• Blood: anterior & post. Ciliary arteries ,
drainage via vortex veins
• Nerve : short ciliary nerves
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COATES OF EYE
OUTER
CORNEA
MIDDLE
“Uveal tract”
IRIS
INNER
RETINA
LIMBUS
CILIARY
BODY
_____
SCLERA
CHOROID
_____
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Eyeball,INNER COATE:
• RETINA :
– Two major layers:
• Retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE) .. Outermost
• Neuro-sensory retina .. Innermost :
– Subdivided into 10 layers :
» Photoreceptors (rods,cones) … outermost
» Nerve fiber layer … innermost
– Centrally : Macula , fovea , foveola
– Blood : choriocapillaris & central retinal artery
– Functions :
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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL):
•
•
•
•
TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM
LAYERS(COATES)
CHAMBERS
LENS & ZONULES
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Eye,CHAMBERS:
ANT.CHM. POS.CHM VIT.CAVIT
Iris
L.,zon.,CB
Anteriorly
Cornea
Ant vit face
Ret.,opt.n.
posteriorly
Iris,lens
Retina
Laterally
A/c angle Cil process
--Lens equato
--medially
0.20 ml
0.06 ml
4.50 ml
volume
Aqueous h. Aqueous h. Vitreous h.
Filled by
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Anterior chamber ANGLE:
• Between peripheral cornea & iris root
• ANGLE STRUCTURES: anterior to posterior
– Schwalbe’s line
– Trabecular meshwork  Schlemm’s canal
– Scleral spur
• FUNCTION : Drainage of aqueous humor
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THE GLOBE(EYEBALL):
•
•
•
•
TOPOGRAPHY & OPTICAL SYSTEM
LAYERS(COATES)
CHAMBERS
LENS & ZONULES
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Eyeball , LENS:
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Biconvex,transparent,colorless
No vesseles,no nerves
Held in position by zonules
10 mm.in diameter,4 mm.thick
Consist of :
– Lens capsule
– Anterior lens epithelium
– Lens substances: cortex(new f.)&nucleus(old f.)
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LENS ..cont’d:
• Lens suture lines:ant.”y”,post.inverted”y”
• Contains 65% water , 35% proteins ,
trace minerals ,↑ K+ ,ascorbic acid and
glutathione.
• AGING:
– Larger
– Harder(less elastic)
– Coloring: yellow  deep brown.why?
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ZONULE :
• = Zonule of Zinn , suspensory ligament
• Collagen fibrils
• Attach to nonpigmented epithelium of
ciliary body and either sides of lens
equator
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OCULAR ANATOMY
•
•
•
•
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GLOBE (EYE BALL)
CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS
LACRIMAL SYSTEM
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
NERVES
ORBIT
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OCULAR ANATOMY
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•
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•
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GLOBE (EYE BALL)
CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS
LACRIMAL SYSTEM
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
NERVES
ORBIT
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OCULAR ANATOMY
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GLOBE (EYE BALL)
CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS
LACRIMAL SYSTEM
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
NERVES
ORBIT
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OCULAR ANATOMY
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GLOBE (EYE BALL)
CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS
LACRIMAL SYSTEM
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
NERVES
ORBIT
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OCULAR ANATOMY
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GLOBE (EYE BALL)
CONJUNCTIVA & EYELIDS
LACRIMAL SYSTEM
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
NERVES
ORBIT
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‫سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك ‪..‬استغفرك اللهم و أتوب اليك‬
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‫‪S.Khairallah, M.D.‬‬
‫‪Ocular Anatomy‬‬