Transcript The role of Ukraine in world trade fleet officer supply

THE ROLE OF UKRAINE
IN WORLD TRADE FLEET OFFICER SUPPLY
Prof. Dr. Mykhaylo V. Miyusov
Rector of Odessa National Maritime Academy, Odessa, Ukraine
The International Forum on Seafarer’s Education, Training and Crewing
24-25th April 2013
Odessa, Ukraine
Growth of seaborne shipments worldwide in 2010-2011
Around 80 per cent of global trade by volume and over 70 per cent by value
is carried by sea and is handled by ports worldwide. In tandem with
developments in the world economy and global merchandise trade,
international seaborne shipments continued to grow in 2011, although at a
slower rate than in 2010. Fuelled by strong growth in container and dry bulk
trades, world seaborne trade grew by 4 per cent in 2011, taking the total
volume of goods loaded worldwide to 8.7 billion tons. World container port
capacity increased by an estimated 5.9 per cent to 572.8 million 20-feet
equivalent units (TEUs) in 2011, its highest level ever. This increase was less
than the 14.5 per cent increase of 2010 that sharply rebounded from the slump
of 2009.
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Table 1. Development in international seaborne trade, selected years
(Millions of tons loaded)
Year
Oil and gas
Main bulks*
Other dry cargo
Total
(all cargoes)
1970
1 440
448
717
2 605
1980
1 871
608
1 225
3 704
1990
1 755
988
1 265
4 008
2000
2 163
1 295
2 526
5 984
2005
2 422
1 709
2 978
7 109
2006
2 698
1 814
3 188
7 700
2007
2 747
1 953
3 334
8 034
2008
2 742
2 065
3 422
8 229
2009
2 642
2 085
3 131
7 858
2010
2 772
2 335
3 302
8 409
2011
2 796
2 477
3 475
8 748
* Iron ore, grain, coal, bauxite/alumina and phosphate.
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World Marine Fleet
+20%
+2%
4
World Marine Fleet
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World Marine Fleet
Practically half of the world tonnage (49.7 per cent) is owned by shipping
companies from just four countries – Greece, Japan, Germany and China. The year
2011 saw a further increase in the use of open registries. Among the tonnage delivered
in 2011, an estimated 83 per cent was registered abroad, and an estimated 71.5 per
cent of the world tonnage is now registered under a foreign flag. Among the top 30
flags of registration, three serve exclusively for foreign-owned tonnage, notably
Liberia, the Marshall Islands, and Antigua and Barbuda. The flags of Panama, Malta,
the Bahamas and the Isle of Man are also used by a small number of national
shipowners, although the majority of users of these flags are foreign.
One of the motivations for shipowners to use a foreign flag is an opportunity of
foreign seafarers’ recruitment. It is especially attractive for the companies situated in
the countries with high pay rates. That is why foreign flags are often called
convenient.
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Officers
According to the latter the total
amount of officers of seagoing
vessels in 2010 was estimated as
532000, which is 32 per cent
more than in 1990, and 14 per
cent more than in 2005. And the
shortage is 29800 (5.6 per cent).
According to the forecast the
number of officers must increase
up to 607000 people in 2014 (14
per cent more compared with
2010). Shortage is anticipated to
halve till 14300 (2.4 per cent).
Over the period since 1990 the
countries of Eastern Europe
have shown the biggest relative
growth in the number of
officers.
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Table 2. The number of Ukrainian Seafarers on the World Labour
Market according to years
(according to Drewry Publishing information )
Year
1995
2000
2005
2010
Officers
14000
14000
28908
35400
Ratings
24000
23000
36119
40000
Position
According to the information since 1995 to 2010 the number of Ukrainian officers has
become 2.5 times as big on the world labour market.
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Table 3. Average Pay Rates in 2005 and 2010 on the International Labour
Market at the Tanker Fleet for Masters from different countries in US Dollars
(according to Drewry Publishing information)
Country-Supplier of Crew
India
China
Ukraine
Philippines
Croatia
2005
7500
4100
5750
5500
8200
2010
13500
10500
13750
11250
15750
Table 4. Number of Seafarers on the International Labour Market in 2010
(according to Drewry Publishing information)
Country-Supplier of Crew
Philippines
China
Ukraine
India
Russia
…
Total in the world
Officers
Ratings
Total
66000
51800
35400
31200
22700
…
532400
80000
104200
40000
56000
34500
…
758400
146000
156000
75400
87200
57200
…
1290800
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Table 5. Number of Seafarers on the International Labour Market in 2010
(according to BIMCO/ISF information )
Pos.
Country-Supplier of Crew
Officers
Ratings
Total
1
Philippines
57688
23492
81188
2
China
51511
90296
141807
3
India
46497
16176
62673
4
Turkey
36734
51009
87743
5
Ukraine
27172
11000
38172
6
Russia
25000
40000
65000
7
USA
21810
16644
38454
8
Japan
21297
7308
28605
9
Romania
18575
5768
24343
10
Poland
17923
4746
22669
…
Total in the world
…
…
…
624062
692542
1316604
In BIMCO/ISF report indices differ significantly from the data given in the work,
especially as for ratings.
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Index of countries' population involvement in
the relevant global market
Table 6. Information about the Number of Valid Certificates of
Competency of Officers of Seagoing Vessels in Ukraine
Officer's Rank
Number of Certificates issued
Deep-Sea Master
Deep-Sea Navigator
Navigator
Total Masters and Navigators
Chief Engineer
Second Engineer
Third Engineer
Total Engineers
First Electrical Engineer
Second Electrical Engineer
Third Electrical Engineer
Total Electrical Engineers
Total Engineers and Electrical
Engineers
Total Officers
8531
8800
18172
35503
8825
9933
17887
36645
2632
1651
3281
7564
44209
79712
Table 7. Information about the Number of Valid Certificates of
Ratings on Seagoing Vessels issued in Ukraine
Certificate of Ratings
Number of Certificates issued
Seaman
Motorman
Electrician
Total Certificates of Ratings
69075
37599
4304
110978
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Researches and Investigations
Although Eastern Europe has been
assuming even greater importance due
to increase of the number of officers over
the recent years, countries of
Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) remain an
important source for officers.
Recent research [3] confirms the former
tendencies: shift in the balance of
number of seafarers from OECD
countries to the Far East, Southeastern
Asia and Eastern Europe; increase in
general demand for seafarers with a
particular problem for some groups of
specialists and types of vessels; “aging” of
senior officers from OECD countries and
personnel shortage for their substitution;
necessity of increase in training and
recruitment of seafarers as well as
reduction of their outflow.
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
The investigations held by JITI and
Nippon Foundation showed that due to
tendencies of development of the world
trade and shipbuilding, additional
necessity in seafarers in comparison with
2010 would be 3.5 per cent in 2015 (23
thousand ratings and 15.8 thousand
officers), and 7.2 per cent in 2020 (46.9
thousand ratings and 32.2 thousand
officers). The research considers only
ships of more than 2000 gross tonnage
in order to analyze only international
shipping and there has been adopted an
assumption that the number of vessels
will annually be increasing by 0.7 per
cent till 2010. These two facts do not
allow comparing these data with the
results of the research.
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Recommendations to concerned parties for supplying
necessary number of seafarers “of high quality”
These recommendations can be generalized as the following:

to form a national policy in the sphere of shipping due to the development of
world economy and expected demand of seafarers on world labour market and
inform the society about it;

to contribute to maintenance of prestige, importance and seafarers job appeal and
shipping industry among young people since their childhood and primary school;

to improve Shipping image in the society, avoid unjustified dissemination of
negative information, for instance about accidents, piracy and spread positive
information about labour and rest conditions and social programs for seafarers;

to facilitate cadets' obtaining on-board training by financing training vessels and
expanding cadet programs;

to contribute to development of material basis of maritime universities
(academies, institutes) by supplying them with modern laboratory and training
equipment;

to contribute to recruitment of teaching staff of maritime universities (academies,
institutes) and personnel with sufficient sea service;

to ensure favorable labour and rest conditions for seafarers (pay rate, intensity of
work, period of contract/voyage, food quality, possibility of sports activities,
insurance against accidents policy, health insurance of a crewman and his family
members, etc.);

to facilitate wider recruitment of women on sea-going vessels.
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The number of Ukrainian Seafarers on the
World Labour Market according to years
Diagram shows that the increase in the number of Ukrainian marine officers
on world labour market began in 2000 and made up 153 per cent (2.5 times
as big) over the last 10 years. It should be noted that the total number of
officers in the world has increased only by 34 per cent
within a period from 1995 till 2010.
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Ukrainian higher maritime educational
institutions (and their branches)
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Odessa National Maritime Academy (ONMA) which comprises Azov Maritime
Institute (in Mariupol), Izmail Faculty, Seafaring College of Technical Fleet and
Maritime College after A.I. Marinesko in Odessa;
Kherson State Maritime Academy (KSMA), which comprises Maritime College;
Kyiv State Academy of Water Transport named after Hetman Petro KonashevychSagaidachnyi (KSAWT), which comprises branches in Izmail, Nikolaiev,
Sevastopol;
Sevastopol National Technical University (SevNTU), Faculty of Marine
Technologies and Navigation;
Odessa Maritime College of Fishing Industry (OMC FI);
Nakhimov Naval Academy (NNA), Sevastopol, Navigation and Ship Power
Faculty;
Kerch State Maritime Technological University (KSMTU);
Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding (NUS), Nikolaiev, The
Mechanical Engineering Institute (Marine Engineering Specialty only);
Ukraine Maritime Institute (UMI), Sevastopol;
Odessa National Maritime University (ONMU), Marine Engineering Faculty
(Marine Engineering Speciality only);
Kherson Maritime College of Fishing Industry (KMC FI).
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Table 8. Number of Students and Graduates of Maritime Educational
Institutions in Ukraine who obtained Diplomas of Higher Education in 2012
enabling them to obtain the Certificate of Competency for Officers
Pos.
Name of
Academic
Institution
1
ONMA
2
KSMA
3
KSMAWT
4
SevNTU
5
OMC FI
6
KSMTU
7
NNA
8
KMC FI
9
UMI
10
ONMU
11
NUS
Total in Ukraine
Graduation according to Educational Levels
Junior
Specialist
674
418
98
375
345
1910
Bachelor
of
Sciences
Specialist
1539
491
300
457
276
229
192
62
3546
647
250
186
261
149
174
21
38
118
1844
Master of
Sciences
88
21
13
31
153
Total
Graduates
2948
1180
597
749
375
425
403
345
213
100
118
7453
Total
Students
10987
4541
2607
1931
2326
1106
1188
1473
848
640
123
27770
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Table 9. Number of Graduates of Maritime Educational Institutions in Ukraine
having obtained a Diploma of Higher Education enabling them to obtain the
Certificate of Competency for an Officer on Seagoing Vessels in 2003-2012
Pos
Name of
Academic
Institution
General Number of issued Diplomas of Higher Education in Seagoing Specialties
according to years
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
1
ONMA
1320
1305
1824
1779
2250
2261
2434
2448
2809
2948
21378
2
KSMA
631
827
706
999
905
842
1070
878
1083
1180
9121
3
KSMAWT
208
424
51
639
690
988
1099
970
973
597
6639
4
SevNTU
356
382
402
492
556
599
700
697
742
749
5675
5
OMC FI
318
384
471
457
505
468
469
507
505
375
4459
6
KSMTU
209
184
194
216
233
217
192
307
410
425
2587
7
NNA
-
-
45
72
156
216
305
348
409
403
1954
8
KMC FI
-
90
112
131
140
119
117
130
113
345
1297
9
UMI
49
42
59
73
123
83
130
177
182
100
1018
10
ONMU
11
12
11
10
7
11
28
74
127
118
409
11
NUS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
104
213
343
3102
3650
3875
4868
5565
5804
6544
6562
7457
7453
54880
Total in Ukraine
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Maritime education in Ukraine
The system of ship's crew training in Ukraine preserves and develops the best
traditions of maritime higher education in the USSR:

competitive selection of university entrants having complete secondary education;

the term of training of a specialist with complete higher education is 5.5 years;
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facilitating sea-going service on board vessels for at least 8-12 months during
studies (depending on the specialty);

good basic and general technical training;

a high level of the training facilities (laboratory, simulation basis, training fleet)

a high potential of academic teaching staff (academic degrees and titles, diplomas
and certificates, which enable them to hold officer positions on vessels);

consolidation of cadets’ academic and research work, development of creative
skills;

arrangement of cadets’ education and campus life under conditions that are
similar to ship’s (daily routine, discipline, uniform, self-service, duty service);

meeting the requirements of international conventions;

the system of life-long postgraduate education of marine officers for keeping a
high level of competency, mastery of new technique and new methods of
operation.
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THE SCHEME
of Education in Ukraine
THE SCHEME
of obtaining the Certificates of Competency
without limitations
ONMA – Odesa National Maritime Academy, KSMA – Kiev State
Maritime Academy, ONMU – Odesa National Maritime University, SCAC
– State Competency Assessment Commission, OOW – Officer in charge of
a Watch, COC – Certificate of Competency, TRB – Training Record Book.
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ONMA activity
ONMA
Quality Management System Certified
by Russian and Ukrainian Registers
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ONMA and NI
ONMA and IAMU
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ONMA and
IMarEST
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ONMA and IMO
Teachers and scientists of the Academy actively participate in
the following IMO meetings:
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Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watchkeeping
(STW);
Sub-Committee on Radiocommunications and Search and
Rescue (COMSAR);
Maritime Safety Committee (MSC);
Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation (NAV);
Legal Committee;
Council.
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Manning Business in Ukraine
Ukraine is a democratic state, which ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
the European Social Charter. The Constitution of Ukraine gives citizens extensive rights to
choose the place of their employment abroad freely, including foreign shipping companies.
According to the data of the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine of 11.03.2012 in Ukraine 771
business entities are licensed to mediation in employment abroad, including 259 ones in
Odessa region. A considerable part of them located in port cities (Odessa, Sevastopol, Izmail,
Kherson, Nikolaev, Mariupol, Kerch) directly deal with seafarer's employment. It should be
noted that on 2.06.2011 Ukraine had 1106 companies and entrepreneurs with the relevant
licenses, thus the number of them decreased by 30 per cent within 18 months. After coming
into force of the International Maritime Labour Convention 2006, which considerably
toughens the requirements for maritime crew agencies, the number of them is expected to
plummet in Ukraine. Most of leading shipping and management companies have already had
their representative offices (recruiting agencies, crewing companies) in Ukraine, especially in
Odessa. Many foreign companies with long-term programs for Ukrainian seafarers on board
their vessels invest significant funds into personnel training with the help of their own “cadets
programs”, sponsoring maritime training institutions, creating their own training centers. In
the framework of cadets programs together with training institutions they select cadets in
compliance with the company's requirements (knowledge of English, professional training,
necessary certificates), organize planning and control over complying with on-board training
programs. Companies cover all expenses connected with on-board training.
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The most active companies
on the Ukrainian market
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V.Ships
MSC
Bernard Schulte Shipmanagement Ltd.
Peter Döehle Schiffahrts – KG
Marlow Navigation
Blue Star Holding
Claus-Peter Offen
Oskar Wehr KG GmbH
Alpha Shipmanagement GmbH & Co.
KG
Danaos Shipping Co. Ltd
Epsilon Hellas
Anthony Veder Rederijzaken B.V.
Royal Boskalis Westminster B.V.
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Global Crewmanagement
MOL Ship Management Co
BW Gas ASA
OSM Crew Management AS
Wilhelmsen Ship Management
Stolt-Nielsen Transportation Group BV
Maersk Ship Management (A.P. Møller A/S)
CMA CGM Group
ASP Ship Management Group
Anglo-Eastern Ship Management
Columbia Ship Management
Zodiac Maritime Agencies Ltd., etc.
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Recognition of Ukraine
Today Ukraine is in “the White List” of International Maritime
Organization among countries, in which requirements of STCW
Convention and Code are adhered to full extent. As of March 2012
Memoranda on Recognition of Ukrainian Seafarer’s Certificates were
signed with 53 member-states of International Maritime
Organization in compliance with Regulation I/10 of STCW
Convention. Besides, the system of training and certification of
seafarers in Ukraine has been approved by the European
Commission on the ground of regular inspections carried out by the
European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) for compliance with the
requirements of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the
European Union Council.
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Conclusion
Ukraine as a maritime state has potential
for further increasing of the amount of
maritime specialists' training and good
prospects for successful competition on
the world labour market under the
conditions of increasing demand for
qualified maritime professionals in global
maritime shipping.
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Thank you !
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