Chapter 12: Digital Society, Ethics and Globalization Succeeding with Technology: Second Edition

Objectives

 Describe how technology is affecting the definition of community, and list some physical and mental health dangers associated with excessive computer use  Describe the negative and positive impact of technology on freedom of speech, and list forms of speech and expression that are censored on the Web Succeeding with Technology 2

Objectives (continued)

 Explain the ways in which technology is used to invade personal privacy, and provide examples of laws that protect citizens from privacy invasion  List ethical issues related to digital technology that confront individuals in personal and professional life, businesses, and governments  Explain what globalization is, what forces are behind it, and how it is affecting the United States and other nations Succeeding with Technology 3

Living Online

  Virtual space  An environment that exists in the mind rather than in physical space People find virtual space  In a daydream  In a book  In a movie  On a cell phone  On the Internet Succeeding with Technology 4

Computers and Community

 Flash mob  Group of people who assemble suddenly in a public place, do something unusual, and then disperse  Participants  Given precise instructions on where to meet, how to act, and what to say if questioned Succeeding with Technology 5

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Health Issues: Keeping a Balance

  Repetitive stress injury (RSI)  Injury such as tendonitis and tennis elbow, caused by a repetitive motion Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)  Aggravation of the pathway for nerves that travel through the wrist (the carpal tunnel)  Typically caused by long hours at the computer keyboard Succeeding with Technology 8

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Health Issues: Keeping a Balance (continued)

Internet addiction  May exist if people are online for long periods of time  Cannot control their online usage   Jeopardize their career or family life from excessive Internet usage Lie to family, friends, and coworkers about excessive Internet usage Ergonomics  Designing and positioning work environment and computer equipment in a healthy manner Succeeding with Technology 10

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Freedom of Speech

   First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution  Guarantees citizens the right to free speech Internet  Used to espouse the views and beliefs of every religious and political group Web sites  May include points of view that many find offensive and even dangerous Succeeding with Technology 12

Challenging the Establishment and Traditional Institutions

   Bloggers  Are becoming an increasingly important component in journalism Proliferation of digital cameras and camera phones  Has led to many amateur photographers having their photos published Consumer-generated media (CGM)  Role of the public in capturing and reporting news Succeeding with Technology 13

Laws and Censorship

   Libel  The deliberate act of defamation of character by making false statements of fact Censorship  Occurs when a government or authority controls speech and other forms of expression Content-filtering software  Works with Web browser to check each Web site for indecent materials Succeeding with Technology 14

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Privacy Issues

 Being free from intrusion  The right to be left alone  Freedom from surveillance  Control over the information collected and kept about one’s self Succeeding with Technology 16

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Personal Information Privacy

   Much of the information gathered about individuals  Done without their knowledge Internet  Acts as a supercharged tool for invisible information gathering ChoicePoint collects and combines information from  The three big credit bureaus   Public records of numerous local, state, and federal government agencies Telephone records; liens; deeds; and other sources Succeeding with Technology 18

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Privacy and Government

  Privacy Act of 1974  Primary law controlling what many government agencies can and cannot do with information they hold PATRIOT Act  Gave federal government certain liberties regarding access to private information and the treatment of suspected terrorists Succeeding with Technology 20

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Surveillance Technologies

   Surveillance  The close monitoring of behavior Wiretap requests  Increased by 85 percent in the three years following the September 11 attacks FBI surveillance  Grew from telephone networks to broadband cable networks in 2004  Extended to VoIP communications in 2005 Succeeding with Technology 23

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Video and Audio Surveillance

   Video cameras in public places  Are assisting in capturing criminals who may otherwise escape Chicago  Has the most advanced video surveillance system High-resolution cameras attached to satellites and trained on the earth  Are providing us with amazing new mapping technologies Succeeding with Technology 25

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GPS and RFID Surveillance

   Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)  Are useful, but can be used to invade privacy  Are being used to track ex-cons US privacy laws control who can be monitored  Lack of funding limits ability to monitor Three scenarios  Full privacy  Full trust  Full transparency Succeeding with Technology 28

Ethics and Social Responsibility

  Ethics  Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong Computer ethics  Issues that deal with computer use Succeeding with Technology 29

Personal Ethical Considerations

   Personal computer ethics  The responsible use of computers outside of professional environments Feeling of social responsibility  May guide a computer user to treat others online with respect A person’s own sense of morality  May keep him/her from becoming involved with Web content that has a negative impact Succeeding with Technology 30

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Professional Ethical Considerations

 Associations that have developed a code of ethical conduct  Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR)  Association of Information Technology Professionals (AITP)  The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)  The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  The British Computer Society (BCS) Succeeding with Technology 32

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Governmental Ethical Considerations

   The digital divide  The social and economic gap between those who have access to computers and the Internet and those who do not Economic digital divide in the United States  Has been shrinking since the turn of the millennium Global digital divide  Provides a greater social and ethical challenge Succeeding with Technology 34

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Globalization

  Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange Largest contributors to globalization  Computers  A global telecommunication infrastructure  The Internet Succeeding with Technology 37

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Outsourcing

  Use of an outside company to take over portions of the business workload Bangalore  Has become known as the Silicon Valley of India  Major presence  Microsoft, IBM, Texas Instruments, HP, GE, and many others Succeeding with Technology 39

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Offshoring

   Business practice that relocates an entire production line to another location, typically in another country, Beijing (China)  The global center of offshoring When China joined the World Trade Organization and agreed to follow international trade laws  It opened a floodgate for trade and innovation Succeeding with Technology 41

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Business Challenges in Globalization

 Culture      Language Time and distance Infrastructure Currency State, regional, and national laws Succeeding with Technology 43

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Conclusion

  Positive effects of technology on society  Finding cures for deadly diseases  Eroding the power of totalitarian governments and dictators  Developing alternate environmentally friendly energy source Widespread access to information  Is building a more transparent society Succeeding with Technology 45

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Summary

   The Internet  Provides an entire virtual world of information, people, and groups in which you can literally lose yourself The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution  Guarantees citizens the right to free speech Libel and direct, specific threats  Not protected under the First Amendment Succeeding with Technology 47

Summary (continued)

   Privacy issues that concern most people  Being free from intrusion Computer profiling  Primary service provided by private information service companies such as ChoicePoint The field of ethics  Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong Succeeding with Technology 48

Summary (continued)

  Professional computer ethics  Involve the ethical issues faced by professionals in their use of computer systems as part of their jobs Globalization  Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange Succeeding with Technology 49