Transcript ppt
Robotics
Lego NXT Mindstorms
Created by Emily RCG Williams for the South Pasadena Education Foundation
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Robotics Introduction
What is a Robot?
What are examples of a robot?
What can robots do?
What can’t robots do?
How are robots used in our daily lives?
Created by Emily RCG Williams for the South Pasadena Education Foundation
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Introductions
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Write five interesting things about you.
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Introductions
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How is teamwork important in designing and building robots?
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Definition of a Robot
What is a Robot?
A robot is a device that is built to independently perform actions and interact with its surroundings.
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Watch Video Clips
After watching the video clips… Which of the clips showed actual “robots?” Explain the difference between a robot and a remote controlled machine/toy
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Day 1 - Agenda
Reflection discussion Complete Robot Educator – Common Palette Activity .01 & .02
Start building Tri-Bot Robot Educator – Common Palette Activity .03
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Day 2 - Reflection
How are robots used in our daily lives?
What is possible with a Robot?
What are some unexpected Robots?
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Day 2 - Agenda
Reflection discussion Come up with a team and bot name and make poster for team Finish building Tri-Bot Robot Educator – Common Palette Activity .03
Introduce basic programming Work on Programming Common Palette Activity .03 – Building Drive forward
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Day 2 – Drive Forward Challenge
Drive forward 17 cm.
2.
Drive forward for 2 rotations and record the distance traveled in your journal 3.
Drive forward in a straight line for 100 cm. turn 180 0 and drive forward in a straight line 100 cm.
4.
Drive in a square on the practice mat
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Day 3 - Reflection
In what ways do robots need to interact with their surroundings? Give specific examples of a robot and the type of movement or sensors it will need.
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Movement
Define Types of movement: Locomotion – The ability to move from place to place (move from place to place) Localization – To perform functions in a specific area (turn head) Manipulation – To touch or move by mechanical means (move other things around) Cooperation - To work together (two motors working together for movement) 12
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Day 3 - Agenda
Reflection discussion Definitions of types of movement Watch “Robo Cup Dog Soccer” identify each type of movement Finish Drive Forward Challenge Start Bump and Run Challenge
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Drive Forward Challenge
1.
Drive forward 17 cm.
2.
Drive forward for 2 rotations and record the distance traveled in your journal 3.
Drive forward in a straight line for 100 cm. turn 180 0 and drive forward in a straight line 100 cm.
4.
Drive in a square on the practice mat
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Bump and Run Challenge
Attach a touch sensor to your Bot (pgs 49-53 in large book) Program the touch sensor Write a program for ‘Bump and Run’ using the ‘Loop’ block, where robots must run down a corridor, bump into a wall, and return to the start. Bump & Run Races Have groups which complete this extend the program by putting a ‘Forever’ loop around the previous program to make the robot continuously go back and forth between two walls. 15
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Day 4 - Reflection
In real life why is it important to be specific when giving directions? Write down the step by step directions of how to fold a paper airplane.
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What do we need the robot to do?
Moving: The robot must be able to control some set of actuators to move how and when we want it to. We must be able to reliably place the robot anywhere we want.
Sensing: The robot must be able to perceive its environment through sensors locate obstacles to avoid, and objects of interest that we want it to interact with.
Plan/Act: The robot must be able to make decisions using its processor based on it’s sensors and feed them to it’s actuators to be able to move.
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What is a sensor?
Takes readings from physical environment and turns it into an electrical message/signal Sensors we will work with: Touch- hit something and it react Light- can sort by color or detect light from dark Sonar/ultrasonic- tells how far away things are Sound- tells how loud something is 18
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What is a processor?
It is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. A computer needs to be able to: Receive inputs from the sensors, and convert the sensor readings into perceptions Make decisions based on it’s perceptions
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What is a processor? Continued
Use these decisions to change its environment (or move itself in the environment) using its actuators. Each of the previous three things is programmed by the user using a programming language. Takes readings from physical environment and turns it into an electrical message/signal Touch- hit something and it react
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What is an actuator?
Takes electrical message and turns it into a physical action. For example: Electric motors receive electricity which makes their axles turn. These can be connected to wheels, which can make the robot move Pumps receive electricity which makes them compress liquid through tubes which can make a robotic arm move around. This arm can push, pull, and lift things in the world. 21
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Day 4 – Instruction
Understand loops exit with an “until” statement Understand programming of the touch sensor
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Day 4 - Agenda
Discussion/Reflection Giving clear directions – Paper Airplane Definitions of parts of a robot Programming with loops Bump and Run Challenge & Races
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Bump and Run Challenge
Attach a touch sensor to your Bot (pgs 49-53 in large book) Program the touch sensor Write a program for ‘Bump and Run’ using the ‘Loop’ block, where robots must run down a corridor, bump into a wall, and return to the start. Bump & Run Races Have groups which complete this extend the program by putting a ‘Forever’ loop around the previous program to make the robot continuously go back and forth between two walls. 25
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Detect and Run Challenge
Groups that finish the bump and run quickly can do a “Detect and Run” challenge Attach the ultra sonic sensor to your Bot Program the ultra sonic sensor Write a program for “Detect and Run” using the Loop block, where robots must run down a corridor, detect the wall, and return to the start. 26
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Day 5 - Reflection
Read the Time for Kids article – “Robots at Work” How are robots helping people?
How are robots entertaining people?
Which robot in the article would you like to have?
What kind of task would you like to see a robot created for?
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Day 5 - Agenda
Article Discussion/Reflection Finish Challenges Go Forward Bump and Run Detect and Run Begin building and programming for maze completion
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Ultra Sonic Sensor
Ultra Sonic sensor sends out a high frequency chirp from one circle and the sound wave bounces off an object and returns to the microphone in the other circle.
Because sound travels at a constant speed ~1,125 ft/s the processor can calculate the distance the sensor is from an object and respond based on the programming.
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Ultra Sonic Sensor
In what situations might an Ultra Sonic sensor fail?
Far away Angle Absorbency Multiple surfaces Multiple signals
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Writing a Program
In your journal write out the program directions for your Bot to make it through the maze using the touch sensor, the ultra sonic sensor and loops.
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Maze Completion Challenge
Look at the maze carefully and consider what sensors will help your bot complete the maze Design your bot for the maze challenge Program your bot for the maze challenge Your bot will be scored for accuracy and the amount of time it takes for your bot to complete the maze 32
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Day 6 - Reflection
What have you learned about the following things: What is a robot (in your own words) Building a robot Programming a robot What parts do robots need?
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Day 6 - Agenda
Discussion/Reflection Time Trials – Maze Challenge Adding Grabber Arms & Light/Dark Sensor Program Bot to follow a line and grab ball at the end of the line, turn right 90 degrees and drop the ball.
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Day 7 - Reflection
Read the article “Robots on the job:
List each robot in the article What is one capability of each robot?
What is one challenge for each robot Which of the robots do you feel would be most useful? Why?
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Day 7 - Agenda
Discussion/Reflection Finish Time Trials – Maze Challenge Adding Grabber Arms & Light/Dark Sensor Program Bot to follow a line and grab ball at the end of the line, turn right 90 degrees and drop the ball.
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Day 9 - Reflection
What is my team doing well?
What does my team need to work on?
How can I be a better teammate?
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Day 10 – Group Activity
Watch Search & Rescue Video Clip What do the robots need to be able to perform these functions?
Write directions for your teammates to perform a search and rescue mission of a treasure of your choice. Include sensors and loops: Use “until” Use touch sensors 38
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Search & Rescue Challenge
Build and Program a bot to move around the white mat randomly until an item is detected by the touch or ultra sonic sensor. Then the bot needs to pick up the item with the grabber arms and move it to “safety” off the white mat.
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Day 11 – Reflection
What has your team done well?
What does your team need to work on?
In what ways have you personally contributed to helping your team be successful?
What do you do that might get in the way of your team working together successfully?
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Day 11 – Reflection
What goals do you have for the remainder of the program?
What will you do to work better as a team?
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Search & Rescue Challenge
Build and Program a bot to move around the white mat randomly until an item is detected by the touch or ultra sonic sensor. Then the bot needs to pick up the item with the grabber arms and move it to “safety” off the white mat.
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Day 12 – Reflection
Should Robots look like humans or should they look like machines?
Why does it matter?
Read “Why, Robots?” What did you find interesting about the article?
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Day 13 – Reflection
What cool things do you think you could create with your LEGO NXT kit?
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Day 14 – Reflection
What recommendations do you have for building a bot that will do well in the Sumo Challenge?
What should be avoided?
What programming suggestions do you have?
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Sumo Challenge
Build and Program a bot to move around the competition area until it detects another bot. Then have your bot push, shove or tip over the other bot. The loser of the challenge is the first bot to be tipped over or moved outside competition arena.
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Sumo Challenge
What should the rules and expectations be for the Sumo Challenge?
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Sumo Challenge Rules and Expectations
Play fairly / good sportsmanship Be calm / no smack talk No death bots/no destructive bots Once the battle starts no additional changes/repairs No touching the other teams robots 20 lock = Draw If both bots move off the mat without contact = Draw Both robots move off mat at the same time = draw No more then 2 bots on the mat at a time No people on the mat during the battle Once there is a winner stop the battle Battle Limit = 2 minutes 48
Created by Emily RCG Williams for the South Pasadena Education Foundation
Day 15 – Reflection
Introduce Green City Challenge Parent Invitation to Robotics Showcase Wednesday, July 20 th @ 12:30
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Day 15 - Agenda
Discussion/Reflection Green City Challenge Design, Build and Program a bot to complete each of the green city challenges
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Day 16 – Reflection
Which of the Green City Challenges do you think will be the most challenging?
What do you think is more challenging? Completing the Green City Challenges or designing your own bot to complete a task Parent Invitation to Robotics Showcase Wednesday, July 20 th @ 12:30
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Day 16 - Agenda
Discussion/Reflection Plan for Green City Challenge/Final Projects Begin working
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Day 17 - Agenda
What is your plan for the final project?
What will you talk about to the observers?
Plan for Final Projects Begin working on Final Project
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Day 18 – Reflection
What is your Final Project designed to do?
How can you prove it is a Robot and not a remote controlled machine?
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Day 18 – Reflection
What challenges have we completed?
What did you learn from each challenge?
What have you learned about teamwork?
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Day 18 – Reflection
What is your Final Project designed to do?
How can you prove it is a Robot and not a remote controlled machine?
What have you learned in this class?
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Day 18 – Challenges
Go Forward – Specific Distance – Square
(CJ)
Bump and Run
(Michael)
Detect and Run
(Kevin)
Maze
(Callum)
Line Follow (ball detect pick up and drop)
(Kenny)
Search and Rescue
(Nicholas)
Sumo Challenge
(Omar)
Green City
(Jared)
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Created by Emily RCG Williams for the South Pasadena Education Foundation
Day 18 – Showcase
Welcome Guests
What a robot is, what a robot is not and what the parts of a robot are
(Max)
Challenge Explanations
(Students)
Final Projects
Learning Reflections
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Day 19 – Reflection
What have you learned about robots and programming?
What has been the biggest challenge for you? What has been the biggest challenge for your group?
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Day 20 - Agenda
Discussion/Reflection Inventory Watch Iron Giant
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