Transcript Validation of Cocoa Soil Diagnosis method in Ghana

SYMPHOS 2013
6-10 May, 2013 – Agadir, Kingdom of Morocco
Teractiv Cacao as a new fertilizer based Reactive
Phosphate Rock for cocoa productivity in Côte d’Ivoire:
A participatory approach to update fertilization
recommendation
Dr Louis KOKO
Norman E. Borlaug Alumni
CNRA, Cocoa Program
[email protected]
I. Cocoa is a strategic product for Cote d’Ivoire
 World leading producer : over 1,300,000 ton per year (40% volume in the world)
 2,176,000 ha of cocoa farms (6% of country area)
 1,000,000 cocoa farmers
 30 % of export earnings giving 15% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Performance….But New challenge
Cocoa growing systems in Cote d’Ivoire is
faced to :
 The aging of cocoa farms after longterm cultivation
 The depletion of cocoa soil fertility
(soil acidity and P-fixing).
 In this context, farmers are face with
many constraints to improve cocoa
yields
Is the old fertilizer formula adapted to the soil fertility and the needs of cocoa ?
 Fertilizer is used since 1990 as a Bulk-blending :
0 N. 23 P2O5.19 K2O +10CaO +4S + 4MgO+ 0,9Zn +0,25B2O3
Phosphoric Acid Unit (P2O5) coming from Triple Super
Phosphate (TSP) :
 Non-adapted to acid soil (pH < 6) because the
temporary extra soluble P is react with free iron and
free aluminium as soils are acidic and becoming more
and more acidic : Al, Fe ions and soluble P combine
in insoluble forms
 The solubilisation of P is too quick versus the
sustainable availability of the crop for uptake all along
the year
 Low level of Ca as amendment fertilizer (About 1.5
P2O5 for 1 CaO … so not enough CaO to compensate
the natural soil acidification under coca field)
Methodology to adress soil fertility in new cocoa growing systems
 Need to update the fertilizer formula according to
current soil fertility and cocoa needs :
1. The Soil Diagnosis method to calculate new formula
2. Pre-extension of the new formula: A participatory
approach with farmers
3. A research partnership OCP-CNRA. A scientific
approach to validate the new formula
FIRST STEP :
The Soil Diagnosis method to calculate
new formula
I. The Soil Diagnosis method to calculate new formula
And click on the “Diagnosis of this soil” button
To proceed with the diagnosis of a specific soil,
Select it
And he chooses the right type of fertilizers.
The software gives him the quantity of each fertilizer needed
for soil correction and losses by yield exportations
Cocoa fertilizer requirement
Soil samples were taken in
cocoa plantations located in
some specific types of soil and
climatic conditions.
• Chemical analyses
were performed.
• Then, the results were
added into the
Database.
Sample of output from the software
• Soil sample with low Base Saturation. Ca is the limiting nutrient.
• Acid soil (pH < 6 and Al toxicity). Need Ca for soil amendment.
• P is very low or not available. Need P fertilizer according to soil pH.
• Teractiv formula with Soil Diagnosis method :
(N 1% maximum) . 14-17 . 13-15 + 22-28 CaO + 2-6 S + 2,5-3 MgO + 0,9 Zn + 0,25 B2O3
1 Unités d'Azote (N) MAXIMUM – pour des formules utilisant un Reactive
Phosphate RocK granulés utilisant un peu d’engrais azoté pour leur process de
granulation
14 - 17 Unités d'Acide Phosphorique (P2O5) provenant de phosphate naturel tri-calcique
tendre (Reactive Rock Phosphate) avec une solubilité dans l’acide formique à 2%
(selon la methode d’analyse CEE 3.1.2.) supérieure à 40 %
0-1
Form
And
Content
level
13 - 15 Unités de Potasse (K2O), soluble dans l'eau à 100 %. Provenant en totalité du
Chlorure de Potassium est accepté. Des options améliorées avec une part (ou la
totalité) du K2O sous forme de sulfate de Potassium sont bien sûr acceptées.
22 - 28 Unités d’oxyde de Calcium (CaO) provenant du Reactive Phosphate Rock ou du
Sulfate Calcium (à l’exclusion de toute forme de Carbonate de Calcium insoluble
sous forme de calcaire ou de dolomie)
02 - 06. Unités de Soufre (S) à 100 % sous forme de Sulfate provenant du Sulfate
Magnésium, à et pouvant aussi provenir du Sulfate de Potassium et du Sulfate de
Calcium (l’exclusion de soufre fleur trop acidifiant).
2,5 - 3 Unités d'Oxyde de Magnésium (MgO) à 100% sous forme de Sulfate de Magnésium
soluble dans l'eau provenant de la kieserite, et pouvant aussi provenir Sulfate de
Potassium/Magnésium (à l’exclusion de carbonate de Magnésium insoluble)
0,9
Unités de Zinc (Zn), sous forme de sulfate de zinc ou d’oxyde micronisé.
0,25
Unités d’oxyde de bore (B2O3), sous forme tetraborate de sodium soluble eau (à
l’exclusion de borate de Calcium insoluble)
• Teractiv® cocoa as a new and inovative fertilizer :
(0 N. 15 P2O5. 15 K2O + 27 CaO + 5.5 S + 2,5 MgO + 0,9 Zn + 0,25 B2O3
Main Advantage of the new formula :
 RPR = Reactive Phosphate Rock = straight from
the mine = Chemically TRI
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (ratio: not as oxide but in
fact with 3 Ca for 2 P as elements)
Instead of
 TSP = Triple Super Phosphate = from chemical
factory = Chemically MONO
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE (ratio: not as oxide but in
fact with 1 Ca for 2 P for as elements)
 Micro nutrient (Zinc against photo-oxidative
stresses, Boron for the development of pollen
tube and synergy with calcium for cell wall solidity)
2. Pre-extension of Teractiv cocoa:
A participatory approach with farmers
II. Pre-extension of Teractiv : A participatory approach
Projet : Introduction of 60 tons of Teractiv Cocoa in the District of Soubré
Objective:
Check the interest of producers to try
Teractiv cocoa as a new fertilizer :
District: Soubré
Number of producers covered : 300
Number of locations: 20
Approach:
1.Sensitization
2. Training
3. Teractiv use
4. Monitoring and impact evaluation
II. Pre-extension of Teractiv : A participatory approach
1. Sensitization and training
Use Farm School to train cocoa producers
I. Pre-extension of Teractiv : A participatory approach
1. Sensitization and training
To Inform cocoa producers about the quality of Teractiv for acid soils
I. Pre-extension of Teractiv : A participatory approach
1. Sensitization and training in local language…
I. Pre-extension of Teractiv : A participatory approach
1. Sensitization and training
To train how farmers must applied Teractiv…
…about dose, timing of application.
I. Pre-extension of Teractiv : A participatory approach
Teractiv use
Survey (100 farmers) :
Teractiv adopted by 98 % of
farmers
•Increase of cocoa yield from
325 to 545 kg/ha (+ 67 %)
•Target : to reach 1 000 kg/ha
in farmer’s growing systems
Cocoa farm after use of Teractiv
III. Partnership OCP-CNRA : 2013 – 2018
III. Partnership OCP-CNRA for cocoa development (2013 – 2018)
To study the effectiveness of Teractiv cocoa on cocoa productivity
• Start in 2013
• 2 research stations : Divo (Central West) and Abengourou (East)
• In farmer’s field in Soubré
(Southwest)
• Duration : 5 years
III. Partnership OCP-CNRA for cocoa development (2013 – 2018)
To improve the establishment of young cocoa trees with Teractiv
Soubré site to test young cocoa with Teractiv since April 2013
III. Partnership OCP-CNRA for cocoa development (2013 – 2018)
Research tests to be continued…
 At the end of the project, we could evaluate :
 Long term effect of Teractiv on the cocoa yield
 Soil fertility and P availability
 Economic profitability of Teractiv application for farmers
THANK YOU