Transcript STANDARDIZATION OF GEOSYNTHETICS

STANDARDIZATION OF
GEOSYNTHETICS
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 GEO-TEXTILES ARE FABRICS (WOVEN, NON-WOVEN,
KNITTED OR COMPOSITES) USED IN, WITHIN OR
BENEATH THE SOIL.
 THESE CONSIST OF MAINLY THE TEXTILE MATERIALS
MADE OF POLYESTER, POLYPROPYLENE, GLASS
FIBRES, JUTE AND COIR.
 JUTE AND COIR GEO-TEXTILES HAVE ADDITIONAL
ADVANTAGE OF BEING ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY AND
BIODEGRADABLE WHICH ARE MAINLY USED FOR
PREVENTION OF SOIL EROSION THROUGH
VEGETATION.
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 GEO-TEXTILES HAVE A LARGE POTENTIAL FOR USE IN INDIA.

THE INDIAN RAILWAYS ALONE HAS IDENTIFIED ABOUT 20000
KM OF RAILWAY TRACK FOR STABILIZATION.
 THE NATIONAL INTEGRATESD HIGHWAY PROJECT LAUNCHED
BY THE PRIME MINISTER ENVISAGES ENORMOUS USE OF
GEO-SYNTHETICS.
 THESE PROJECTS HAVE LEAD TO HUGE DEMAND AND
CONSUMPTION OF GEO-TEXTILES IN THE COUNTRY.
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DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS
GEO-SYNTHETICS IN INDIA
ON
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COMPANY STANDARDS
 IN INDIA VARIOUS STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS WERE
EARLIER ATTEMPTED AND PREPARED BY THE USER
DEPARTMENTS TO A LIMITED EXTENT WHICH NORMALLY
COVERED ONLY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO
THEIR USE.
– FOR EXAMPLE, THE MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND
HIGHWAYS (MRT&H) AND INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS (IRC) HAVE
EVOLVED THE STANDARDS RELATED TO USE OF GEOSYNTHETICS FOR ROAD, ROAD PAVEMENT , BRIDGE WORKS
ETC.
– SIMILARLY RDSO HAS EVOLVED STANDARDS RELATED TO USE
OF GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR RAIL BED STABILIZATION.
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N ATIONAL STANDARDIZATION
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A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR STANDARDIZATION OF GEO-SYNTHETICS AT
NATIONAL LEVEL WAS FIRST ADOPTED BY BIS IN LATE 1980S THROUGH A
NETWORK OF TWO TECHNICAL COMMITTEES,
 GEO-TEXTILES AND INDUSTRIAL FABRICS SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, TX 30
AND

GEO-SYNTHETICS SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, WRD 25.
TX 30 IS LOOKING AFTER STANDARDIZATION WORK RELATED TO TESTING
AND SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR GEO-TEXTILES MADE OF
POLYESTER, POLYPROPYLENE, JUTE, COIR AND OTHER FIBRES HAVING
WOVEN/NON-WOVEN/KNITTED STRUCTURE WHILE
WRD 25 MAINLY COVERS GEO-MEMBRANES/GEO-GRIDS/GEO-COMPOSITES
AND ALLIED PRODUCTS (NATURAL AND POLYMERIC) FOR RIVER VALLEY
AND OTHER CIVIL ENGINEERING RELATED APPLICATIONS.
OF LATE WRD 25 HAS BEEN MERGED WITH TX 30
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 A PROPERLY DESIGNED GEO-SYNTHETIC MATERIAL
IS BELIEVED TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING
FUNCTIONS SEPARATELY OR IN CONJUNCTION, IN
DIFFERENT APPLICATION AREAS:
–
–
–
–
–
SEPARATION
FILTRATION AND DRAINAGE
INITIAL REINFORCEMENT
CONTROL OF SURFACE SOIL DETACHMENT
VEGETATION OR BIO-TECHNICAL SUPPORT
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NEED FOR TESTING
 PRODUCTS ARE TESTED FOR THE FOLLOWING
REASONS:
* QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL
* SETTING AND MAINTAINING PERFORMANCE
STANDARDS
* INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS
* PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS AND RESEARCH
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 THE FOLLOWING PROPERTIES OF GEOSYNTHETICS ARE IMPORTANT FROM
THE VIEWPOINT OF PERFORMANCE OF
GEO-TEXTILES DURING USE :
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APPARENT OPENING SIZE
WATER PERMITTIVITY
WATER TRANSMITTIVITY
CREEP BEHAVIOUR
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE
ABRASION RESISTANCE
THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES
MASS PER UNIT AREA
TENSILE PROPERTIES
TEAR STRENGTH
MICROBIAL RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE TO WEATHERING (UV LIGHT, WATER AND HEAT)
JOINT/SEAM STRENGTH,
THICKNESS ETC.
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 GEO-TEXTILES HAVE SPECIFIC CONSTRUCTIONS
AND WORK IN SPECIFIC SOIL CONDITIONS AND END
USES, THE TEST METHODS USED FOR ORDINARY
TEXTILES ARE NOT APPLICABLE TO THEM.
 THE DEGREE OF BENEFITS OFFERED BY GEOTEXTILE MATERIALS TO SOIL FABRIC AGGREGATE
SYSTEM DEPENDS TO A LARGE EXTENT ON THE
PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL AS WELL AS THE FABRIC
USED
 KEEPING THIS IN VIEW, BIS HAS PUBLISHED INDIAN
STANDARDS ON GEO-SYNTHETICS
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IS 13321(PT 1): 1992 GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR GEOSYNTHETICS, PART I TERMS USED IN MATERIALS AND
PROPERTIES
THIS STANDARD IS COMPILATION OF THE TERMS RELATING
TO MATERIAL AND PROPERTIES, LIKE ABSORPTION,
APPARENT OPENING SIZE, BIO-DEGRADABILITY, BONDING,
BREAKING LOAD, TOUGHNESS, CHEMICALLY BONDED
NON-WOVEN FABRIC, CLOGGING, COATED FABRICS,
COMPRESSED THICKNESS, DISCONTINUOUS FIBRE,
ELASTIC LIMIT, EXTRUDED MESH, EXTRUDER FABRIC,
COMPOSITE, FABRIC KNIT, FABRIC NON-WOVEN, BREAKING
LOAD, GEO-CELL, GEO-COMPOSITE, GEO-GRID, GEOMEMBRANE, INDEX TEST, INITIAL TENSILE MODULUS,
OFFSET, TENSILE MODULUS, STIFFNESS.
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IS 13326(PT 1): 1992 - METHOD OF TEST FOR THE
EVALUATION OF INTERFACE FRICTION BETWEEN GEOSYNTHETICS AND SOIL PART I MODIFIED DIRECT SHEAR
TECHNIQUE
THIS STANDARD PROVIDES DETAILS ON TEST METHODS
FOR DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENT OF INTERFACE
FRICTION BETWEEN A GIVEN SOIL (INCLUDING AGGREGATE
AND BALLAST) AND A GEO-SYNTHETIC USED FOR
REINFORCEMENT PURPOSES. THIS METHOD IS ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR ASSESSING THE FRICTION BETWEEN A
GEO-MEMBRANE AND THE NATURAL OR COMPACTED SOIL
IN ORDER TO ANALYZE THE STABILITY OF THE
CANAL/RESERVOIR LINING.
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IS 14986:2001 GUIDELINES FOR APPLICATION OF
JUTE GEO-TEXTILE FOR RAIN WATER EROSION
CONTROL IN ROAD AND RAILWAY EMBANKMENT
AND HILL SLOPES
THIS STANDARD HAS BEEN PREPARED BASED ON
THE DATA PROVIDED BY THE INDIGENOUS
MANUFACTURERS AND TAKING INTO
CONSIDERATION THE PRACTICE PREVALENT IN
INDIA. THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS,
SELECTION, INSTALLATION METHOD,
MONITORING AND REQUIREMENT OF PACKING
HAVE BEEN COVERED IN THIS STANDARD
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IS 13162(PT 2):1991 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF
TEST PART 2: DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE
TO EXPOSURE OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT AND
WATER (XENON ARC TYPE)
THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES A METHOD FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OF GEOTEXTILES TO THE EXPOSURE OF ULTRAVIOLET
LIGHT AND WATER. THE LIGHT AND WATER
EXPOSURE APPARATUS EMPLOYS A XENON-ARC
LIGHT SOURCE.
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 Geo-textiles are manufactured using a variety of processes
and formulations of polymers and each geo- textile varies
in its sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet radiation
from the sun varies with duration of exposure, angle of
inclination of the sun, atmospheric conditions, topography,
and geography. The Xenon-arc test cannot simulate all
these variables, so it is not likely that Xenon-arc test
results will relate directly to sunlight exposure test results
for a specific fabric at a given site.
 The method prescribed is suitable for comparative
evaluation of geotextiles and is not recommended for
acceptance testing of commercial shipments since
information on inter-laboratory precision is incomplete.
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IS 13162 (PT 3): 1992 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST
PART 3: DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED
PRESSURE
THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES TWO METHODS FOR
DETERMINATION OF THE THICKNESS OF GEO-TEXTILES AT
SPECIFIED PRESSURES AND DEFINES AT WHICH
PRESSURE THE NOMINAL THICKNESS IS DETERMINED.
METHOD A ( LOADING EACH SET OF SPECIMENS ) SHALL
BE USED WHEN USING AN APPARATUS THE
CONSTRUCTION OF WHICH CAUSES A HIGH DEGREE OF
TIME AND/OR LABOUR WHEN CHANGING THE PRESSURE,
OTHERWISE METHOD B (INCREMENTAL LOADING OF
INDIVIDUAL SPECIMENS ) SHALL BE USED. THE METHOD
IS APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF GEO-TEXTILES.
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 Since the geotextiles are compressible, the
thickness measure will depend upon the
pressure applied. For this reason it may be
desirable to measure thickness at a series
of pressures and to study the general
relationship between thickness and
pressure.
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IS 13162 (PT 4): 1992 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST
PART 4: DETERMINATION OF PUNCTURE RESISTANCE BY
FALLING CONE METHOD
Geotextiles used as separator and filter in earth
constructions are normally subjected to dynamic
impact. During the installation process, crushed rock or
boulders are dropped onto a fabric
supported by weak, water-saturated soil which may
penetrate and thus damage the geotextile. It is,
therefore, desirable that the geotextiles should resist
the sudden impact and penetration of
such particles.
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THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES A
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE
SIZE OF THE HOLE MADE BY
DROPPING A STANDARD BRASS CONE
ONTO A GEO-TEXTILE, SUPPORTED BY
WATER, AND TO PROVIDE AN
INDICATION OF THE ABILITY OF THAT
FABRIC TO RESIST A SUDDEN IMPACT.
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IS 13162 (PT 5): 1991 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST PART 5:
DETERMINATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES USING A WIDE WIDTH
STRIP
THIS STANDARD PRESCRIBES AN INDEX TEST METHOD FOR
DETERMINATION OF THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF GEO-TEXTILES
AND RELATED PRODUCTS USING A WIDE WIDTH STRIP. THE METHOD
IS APPLICABLE TO MOST GEO-TEXTILES INCLUDING WOVEN FABRICS,
NON-WOVENS, LAYERED FABRICS, KNITTED FABRICS AND FELTS. THE
METHOD IS APPLICABLE TO GEO-GRIDS BUT THE SPECIMEN
DIMENSIONS MAY NEED TO BE ALTERED. THIS METHOD COVERS THE
MEASUREMENT OF LOAD ELONGATION CHARACTERISTICS AND
INCLUDES PROCEDURES FOR CALCULATION OF SECANT STIFFNESS,
MAXIMUM-LOAD PER UNIT WIDTH, STRAIN AT MAXIMUM LOAD AND
EQUIVALENT STRAIN AT MAXIMUM LOAD. PROCEDURES FOR
MEASURING THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF BOTH CONDITIONED AND
WET SPECIMENS ARE INCLUDED. THE MEASURING DEVICE CAN BE
EITHER MECHANICAL, OPTICAL OR INFRA-RED.
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The basic distinction between this method and
other methods for measuring tensile properties of
fabrics, is the width of the specimen. This width by
contrast is greater than the length of the
specimen. Some geotextiles have a tendency to
contract ( neck down ) under load in the gauge
length area. The width of the specimen specified in
this method reduces the contraction effect of those
fabrics and provides a closer relationship to
expected fabric behaviour in the field and a
standard comparision of geotextiles.
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 IS 14293: 1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST FOR
TRAPEZOID TEARING STRENGTH
THIS TEST METHOD IS USED TO MEASURE THE TEARING
STRENGTH OF WOVEN OR NON-WOVEN GEO-TEXTILES BY THE
TRAPEZOID METHOD.
THIS TEST METHOD MAY BE USED WITH CONSTANT RATE OFTRAVERSE (CRT) OR CONSTANT-RATE-OF-EXTENSION (CRE)
TYPE TENSION MACHINES. HOWEVER, THERE MAY BE NO
OVERALL CORRELATION BETWEEN THE RESULTS OBTAINED
WITH THE CRT MACHINE AND THE CRE MACHINE.
CONSEQUENTLY, THESE TWO TENSION TESTERS CANNOT BE
USED INTERCHANGEABLY. IN CASE OF CONTROVERSY, THE
CRE MACHINE SHALL PREVAIL.
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IS 14294: 1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHOD
FOR DETERMINATION OF APPARENT
OPENING SIZE BY DRY SIEVING
TECHNIQUES
THIS INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFIES METHOD
TO DETERMINE APPARENT OPENING SIZE
(AOS) BY DRY SIEVING TECHNIQUE. THIS
METHOD IS SUITABLE FOR AOS 60 MICRONS
AND ABOVE.
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 IS 14324:1995 GEO-TEXTILES - METHODS OF TEST
FOR DETERMINATION OF WATER PERMEABILITYPERMITTIVITY
THIS INDIAN STANDARD SPECIFIES METHODS FOR
DETERMINING THE WATER PERMEABILITY OF GEOTEXTILES IN TERMS OF PERMITTIVITY UNDER
STANDARD TESTING CONDITIONS, IN THE
UNCOMPRESSED STATE. THE STANDARD COVERS
TWO PROCEDURES -THE CONSTANT HEAD METHOD
AND THE FALLING HEAD METHOD.
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 IS 14706:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - SAMPLING AND
PREPARATION OF TEST SPECIMEN
THIS INDIAN STANDARD PROVIDES GENERAL
PRINCIPLES FOR SAMPLING OF GEOTEXTILES AND PREPARATION OF TEST
SPECIMENS FROM THE SAMPLES. THE
PRINCIPLES ARE APPLICABLE TO ALL GEOTEXTILES SUPPLIED IN ROLLS.
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 IS 14714:1999 GEO-TEXTILES DETERMINATION OF ABRASION RESISTANCE
THIS TEST METHOD COVERS
DETERMINATION OF RESISTANCE OF GEOTEXTILES TO ABRASION USING AN ABRASION
TESTER. THE TEST METHOD IS APPLICABLE
TO ALL GEO-TEXTILES AND IS NOT SUITABLE
FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS.
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 IS 14715:2000 GEO-TEXTILES - GEO-JUTE FABRICS
(JUTE GEO-TEXTILES) WOVEN - SPECIFICATION
THE STANDARD PRESCRIBES CONSTRUCTIONAL
DETAILS AND OTHER DETAILS OF WOVEN JUTE GEOTEXTILES. WOVEN JUTE GEO-TEXTILES ARE USED
FOR STABILIZATION OF SOIL THROUGH VEGETATION
AGAINST EROSION OF LANDSCAPE AND SOIL
SLOPES AS WELL AS PROTECTION OF RIVER BANK
AGAINST EROSION AND SIMILAR APPLICATIONS
INVOLVING SEPARATION AND FILTRATION. THE
STANDARD IS BASED ON WORK DONE BY INDIAN
JUTE INDUSTRY’S RESEARCH ASSOCIATION,
CALCUTTA IN THIS FIELD.
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 IS 14716:1999 GEO-TEXTILES DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA
THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES A METHOD FOR
THE DETERMINATION OF THE MASS PER UNIT
AREA OF GEO-TEXTILES FOR IDENTIFICATION
PURPOSES AND FOR USE IN TECHNICAL DATA
SHEETS.
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 IS 14739:1999 GEO-TEXTILES - METHOD
FOR DETERMINATION OF CREEP
THIS STANDARD DESCRIBES A METHOD
FOR DETERMINING THE LOAD-STRAINTIME RELATIONSHIP OF GEO-TEXTILES
AT A GIVEN TEMPERATURE FROM A
SERIES OF CONSTANT LOAD TESTS.
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IS 15060:2001 GEO-TEXTILES - TENSILE TEST FOR JOINTS/SEAMS BY WIDE
WIDTH METHOD
THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES AN INDEX TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF
THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF JOINTS AND SEAMS IN GEO-TEXTILES AND
RELATED PRODUCTS, USING A WIDE-WIDTH STRIP. THE METHOD IS
APPLICABLE TO MOST GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS.
IT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO GEO-GRIDS, BUT THE SPECIMEN DIMENSIONS MAY
NEED TO BE ALTERED. PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING THE TENSILE
PROPERTIES OF BOTH CONDITIONED AND WET SPECIMENS ARE INCLUDED.
SOME MODIFICATION OF TECHNIQUES MAY BE NECESSARY FOR PARTICULAR
GEO-TEXTILES, E.G. STRONG GEO-TEXTILES, MESHES OR GEO-TEXTILES
MADE FROM GLASS FIBRE, TO PREVENT THEM FROM SLIPPING IN THE JAWS
OR BEING DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF BEING GRIPPED IN THE JAWS. THE
BASIC TEST FOR JOINTS OR SEAMS IN ALL KINDS OF GEO-TEXTILES OR
RELATED PRODUCTS USES TEST SPECIMENS OF 200 MM WIDTH, WITH THE
PROVISION FOR THE SEAM OR JOINT TO EXTEND FOR 25 MM ON EACH SIDE IN
ORDER TO PROVIDE JOINT OR SEAM STABILITY DURING THE TEST.
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PRODUCT STANDARDS
 GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR HIGHWAYS –
SPECIFICATION (UNDER PRINT)
 This standard specifies requirements for
geo-synthetics made from polyolefin or
polyester material.
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 GRADES
 Geo-synthetic material shall be of following three
grades depending upon the survivability
conditions:
 a) Grade I - For severe or harsh survivability
conditions where there is a greater potential for
geo-textile damage.
 b) Grade II - For typical survivability conditions;
this is the default classification to be used in the
absence of site specific information.
 c) Grade III - For mild survivability conditions.
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 PVC GEO-MEMBRANES FOR LINING –
SPECIFICATION
This standard covers PVC geo-membrane (Flexible poly vinyl
chloride) lining, 0.30 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.00 mm and
1.50 mm in thickness, for use in canal, pond and reservoir
lining to control seepage and for proper disposal of industrial
effluents, solid waste management, etc. The material is also
suitable for lining of roof/terrace.
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Length and
Thickness,
Specific gravity
Tensile strength
Elongation at break
Tear Strength
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Puncture resistance,
Low temperature crack resistance
Hydrostatic resistance
Seam strength
Volatile loss
Peel strength
Resistance to soil burial
Stability to UV radiations
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 TEXTILES — OPEN WEAVE COIR
BHOOVASTRA— SPECIFICATION
 This standard prescribes constructional
details and other requirements of open weave
coir bhoovastra (CBV) of three different grades
used in prevention of erosion of soil and
reinforcement of paved and unpaved roads.
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GRADES
 The open weave CBV shall have the
following grades based on the mass:
 a) Grade I having mass of 400 g/m2,
 b) Grade II having mass of 700 g/m2, and
 c) Grade III having mass of 900 g/m2.
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Requirements covered are:
Mass per unit area,
Width,
Length,
Thickness at 20 kPa,
Break load,
Trapezoidal tearing strength, Mesh size,
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IN ADDITION TO ABOVE PUBLISHED STANDARDS, CERTAIN SUBJECTS
FOR STANDARDIZATION ARE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF
FORMULATION:
-GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR FUNCTIONAL AND
APPLICATION SYSTEMS
-IDENTIFICATION, STORAGE AND HANDLING OF GEO-SYNTHETICS
-COIR GEO-TEXTILES FOR EROSION CONTROL ALONG ROAD, RAILWAY
EMBANKMENT AND HILL SLOPES
-
Woven jute Goetextiles
-CODE OF PRACTICE FOR REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES USING
GEO-SYNTHETICS MATERIALS FOR ALL APPLICATIONS
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INTERNATIONAL SCENARIO
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AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL, STANDARDS
FOR GEO-SYNTHETICS ARE FORMULATED BY
THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE GEOSYNTHETICS ISO/TC 221 OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION (ISO).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
(ISO)
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 ISO 9863-1:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DETERMINATION OF
THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED PRESSURES -- PART 1: SINGLE
LAYERS
 ISO 9863-2:1996GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED
PRODUCTS -- DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS AT SPECIFIED
PRESSURES -- PART 2: PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF
THICKNESS OF SINGLE LAYERS OF MULTILAYER PRODUCTS
 ISO 9864:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- TEST METHOD FOR THE
DETERMINATION OF MASS PER UNIT AREA OF GEO-TEXTILES
AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS
 ISO 10318:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
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ISO 10319:1993GEO-TEXTILES -- WIDE-WIDTH TENSILE TEST
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ISO 10320:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS
-- IDENTIFICATION ON SITE
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ISO 10321:1992GEO-TEXTILES -- TENSILE TEST FOR JOINTS/SEAMS BY
WIDE-WIDTH METHOD
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ISO/TR 10722-1:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED
PRODUCTS -- PROCEDURE FOR SIMULATING DAMAGE DURING
INSTALLATION -- PART 1: INSTALLATION IN GRANULAR MATERIALS
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ISO 11058:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS
-- DETERMINATION OF WATER PERMEABILITY CHARACTERISTICS
NORMAL TO THE PLANE, WITHOUT LOAD
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ISO/TR 12960:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -SCREENING TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE TO LIQUIDS
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ISO 13426-1:2003GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -STRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS -- PART 1: GEO-CELLS
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ISO 13426-2:2005GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -STRENGTH OF INTERNAL STRUCTURAL JUNCTIONS -- PART 2: GEOCOMPOSITES
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ISO 13427:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS -ABRASION DAMAGE SIMULATION (SLIDING BLOCK TEST)
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ISO 13428:2005GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DETERMINATION OF THE PROTECTION
EFFICIENCY OF A GEO-SYNTHETIC AGAINST IMPACT DAMAGE
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ISO 13431:1999GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS
-- DETERMINATION OF TENSILE CREEP AND CREEP RUPTURE
BEHAVIOUR
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ISO 13433:2006GEO-SYNTHETICS -- DYNAMIC PERFORATION TEST
(CONE DROP TEST)
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ISO/TR 13434:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED
PRODUCTS -- GUIDELINES ON DURABILITY
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ISO 13437:1998GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS
-- METHOD FOR INSTALLING AND EXTRACTING SAMPLES IN SOIL, AND
TESTING SPECIMENS IN LABORATORY
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ISO 13438:2004GEO-TEXTILES AND GEO-TEXTILE-RELATED PRODUCTS
-- SCREENING TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE RESISTANCE TO
OXIDATION
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ASTM STANDARDS
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Sr.No.
TEST PARAMETERS
ASTM
1
Apparent Opening Size
D 4751
2
Mass per unit area
D 5261
3
CBR Puncture Resistance
D 6241
4
Index Puncture Resistance
D 4833
5
Grab breaking load & elongation
D 4632
6
Trapezoid Tearing Strength
D 4533
7
Tensile Properties of Geotextiles by
the Wide-Width Strip Method
D 4595
8
Nominal Thickness of Geosynthetics
D 5199
9
Water Permeability by Permittivity
D 4491
10
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a
Geosynthetic Using a Constant Head
D 4716
50
Sr.No.
TEST PARAMETERS
11
Dynamic peroration by Cone Drop
12
Biological Clogging of Geotextiles
D 1987
13
Bursting Strength-Hydraulic
D 3886
14
15
,,
,, - Ball
Tensile Properties of Geogrids by
ASTM
D 3887
D 6637
the Single or Multi-RibTensile Method
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Strength of Sewn or Thermally
D 4884
Bonded Seams of Geotextiles
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Deterioration of Geotextile by
Exposure to Light, Moisture & Heat
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Microbiological degradation
D 4355
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Sr.No.
TEST PARAMETERS
ASTM
19
Interface Friction between Soil &
Geotextile by Direct Shear Method
D 5321
20
Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of
Geocomposites
D 7005
21
Oxidative Induction Time of
Polyolefin Geosynthetics by High
Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry
D 5885
22
Effect of Temperature on stability
of Geotextile
D 4594
23
Permittivity of Geotextiles Under Load
D 5493
24
Ply Adhesion Strength of Reinforced
Geomembranes
D 6636
52
Sr.No TEST PARAMETERS
ASTM
25
Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of a Geotextile for Silt
Fence Application Using Site-Specific Soil
D 5141
26
Pyramid Puncture Resistance of
Unprotected and Protected Geomembranes
D 5494
27
Soil-Geotextile System Clogging Potential by the
Gradient Ratio
D 5101
28
Determination of tensile creep and creep rupture
D 5262
behaviour
29
Determining the resistance to Oxidation
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Chemical Resistance of Geosynthetics / Geotextile to
Liquids
D 5322
D 6389
31
Strip Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes
D 7003
53
Sr.No
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TEST PARAMETERS
32
Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of
Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
ASTM
D 5596
33
Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic by
Radial Flow
D 6574
34
Pore Size Characteristics of Geotextiles by
Capillary Flow Test
D 6767
35
Grab Tensile Properties of Reinforced
Geomembranes
D 7004
36
Determining Geonet Breaking Force
D 7179
37
Abrasion Resistance of Geotextiles
(Sand Paper/Sliding Block Method)
D 4886
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OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AT
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

1. INTERNATIONAL GEO-SYNTHETICS SOCIETY (IGS): IGS BRINGS
TOGETHER INDIVIDUAL AND CORPORATE MEMBERS FROM ALL OVER
THE WORLD, WHO ARE INVOLVED IN THE DESIGN, MANUFACTURE,
SALE, USE OR TESTING OF GEO-TEXTILES, GEO-MEMBRANES,
RELATED PRODUCTS AND/OR ASSOCIATED TECHNOLOGIES.

2. INDUSTRIAL FABRICS ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL (IFAI): IFAI IS
ACTIVE IN COLLECTING, RESEARCHING AND DISSEMINATING
INFORMATION ON GEO-SYNTHETICS AND SPONSORING MAJOR
NORTH AMERICAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES.

3. GEO-SYNTHETICA: GEO-SYNTHETICA IS A COMMERCIAL
ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES SERVICES TO THE INDUSTRY. THIS
PROVIDES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO CLIENTS INCLUDING
SPECIFICATIONS, STANDARDS, TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS, CALENDAR
OF EVENTS AND EXHIBITIONS, DIRECTORY AND RESIN PRICING.
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 4. INTERNATIONAL EROSION CONTROL ASSOCIATION (IECA):
IECA IS A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES
RESOURCE INFORMATION FOR PROFESSIONALS IN THE
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL INDUSTRY.

5. ASTM INTERNATIONAL: ASTM INTERNATIONAL, FORMERLY
KNOWN AS AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
IS AN ORGANIZATION THAT PROVIDES A GLOBAL FORUM FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLICATION OF VOLUNTARY
CONSENSUS STANDARDS FOR MATERIALS, PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES.
 6. EUROPEAN CENTER FOR STANDARDIZATION (CEN).
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CONCLUSION
 BIS HAS THUS BROUGHT OUT A NUMBER OF STANDARDS
ON GEO-SYNTHETICS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE TESTING &
RESEARCH LABORATORIES, SPECIFIC END USERS,
MANUFACTURERS AND TECHNOLOGISTS.
 APART FROM THESE, BIS HAS PUBLISHED MANY OTHER
STANDARDS WHICH ARE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY
RELATED TO THE ASPECTS OF DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION IN GEO-TECHNICAL ENGINEERING. ALL
THESE STANDARDS PUT TOGETHER PROVIDE ENORMOUS
HELP TO THE DESIGNERS AND THE FIELD ENGINEERS TO
UTILIZE THE STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES AND STATE OF
THE ART KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE IN THEIR
RESPECTIVE FIELD.
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CONCLUSION
(Contd…)
 THE END USERS AND SPECIFIERS ON GEOSYNTHETICS IN THE COUNTRY MUST BE AWARE OF
SIGNIFICANCE OF TECHNICAL PARAMETERS AND
THEIR APPROPRIATE EVALUATION PROCEDURES.
ADOPTION OF APPROPRIATE GEO-SYNTHETIC
SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST PROCEDURES ARE OF
VITAL IMPORTANCE TO ACHIEVE SUCCESSFUL
IMPLEMENTATION AND LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE
OF THE STRUCTURES.
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THANK YOU
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 FOR FURTHER QUERIES PLEASE CONTACT:
ANIL KUMAR
DIRECTOR (TEXTILES)
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
EMAIL : [email protected]
PHONE : 011 - 23231282
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