Transcript Sri. B G Krishna Murthy DD CNL HO - Directorate of Economics and

DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS AND
STATISTICS
WELCOMES YOU
1
Paper on
Birth and Death Registration Statistics
-Compilation of Indicators
2
jatasya hi dhruvo mrtyur
dhruvam janma mrtasya ca
tasmad
apariharye
'rthe
na tvam socitum arhasi
For “one who has taken his
birth, death is certain”;
and for one who is dead, birth is
certain. Therefore, in the unavoidable
discharge of your duty, you should
not lament.
Chapter 2 , Verse 27
3
Birth and Death are the two events that make the man’s entry
into and exit from the world. It is natural to see a smiling face
on birth and wry face on death. However man being
intellectual wants to be his life enclosed by these events as
comfortable as possible and all his actions are more or less
centered towards to this aim only. It is also the basic duty of a
welfare state.
4
Demography is the science which deals with all the problems
related to man’s existence in the world viz., Population, its
size, growth, distribution, migration etc. The chief sources of
demography are Vital Statistics and Census. While the
former are being collected on continuous basis by the
implementation of the RBD Act. 1969, the latter by
conducting decennial census throughout the country under
the overall co-ordination of Registrar General and Census
Commissioner, GOI.
5
History and Background
Erstwhile state of Mysore was one of the earliest states in
India which introduced statutory registration of births and
deaths, at about the beginning of the 20th century. In old
Mysore areas, the registration of births and deaths was being
done by the village officers. With the reorganization of the
States in 1956, registration of births and deaths was being
effected in different parts of the State under different Acts in
force in the erstwhile States of old Mysore, Bombay,
Hyderabad, Madras and Coorg. The registration of births and
deaths was fairly satisfactory.
6
Civil Registration System
The Registration of Births & Deaths(RBD) Act, 1969 came
into force in the State with effect from 1st April 1970. The
Karnataka Registration of Births & Deaths(KRBD) Rules,
1970 were framed and notified by the Government of
Karnataka on 15th Dec 1970, and were effective from 1st
January 1971. KRBD rules subsequently were amended in
December 1999, as per the instructions of Registrar General,
India. Revamped system of Registration of Births & Deaths is
in force in Karnataka from 1st January 2000.
7
Karnataka
Geographical area =1.92 lakh sq.kms,
5.05% of the country's total population.
District = 30
Taluks = 176
( in 000’s)
Census 2011 (Provisional)
Population
Male
Female
Total
Total
31058
30073
61131
Sex Ratio=968 Sex Ratio ( 0-6age group) = 946 Literacy Rate= 75.60
Density of Population = 319 per sq.km.
No. of registration units:- Urban= 406
Rural = 28312
Total = 28718 units
8
Sources of Data Collection

The main sources for data on vital events in
the country as well as below national level are
Population Census, Sample Registration
System (SRS) and Civil Registration System
(CRS).
9
Population Census:

The Population Census provides information on
population and its other characteristics.

The census being a decennial exercise does not provide
the measure of population change from year to year.

The measures of fertility and mortality derived from the
census are centred on the mid-point of the decade and as
such do not provide annual change.
10
Sample Registration System(SRS):

SRS has been designed to provide reliable
estimates at National and State Level.

Due to requirement of large sample size and
variety of resultant factors such as controlling
of non-sampling errors etc., the possibility of
getting robust estimates of vital rates at District
and Taluk level on annual basis through
sample survey is not possible.
11
What is SRS ?
The field investigation consists of continuous enumeration of
births and deaths in selected sample units by resident part
time enumerators, generally anganwadi workers & teachers,
and an independent survey every six months by SRS
supervisors.
The data obtained by these two independent functionaries are
matched.
The unmatched and partially matched events are re-verified in
the field and thereafter an unduplicated count of births and
deaths is obtained.
12
The sample unit in rural areas is a village or a segment of
it, if the village population is 2000 or more.
In urban areas, the sampling unit is a census enumeration
block with population ranging from 750 to 1000.
In Karnataka, SRS is operational in 480 sample units
(330 rural and 150 urban) and covers about 4.39 lakh
population.
13
Civil Registration System (CRS)
 CRS is thus the only source for providing vital rates at district
and taluk level.
 CRS can provide these rates at all administrative levels.
 CRS may be defined as a continuous permanent and
compulsory recording of the occurrence and characteristics
of vital events as derived in and as provided through a
decree or regulation in accordance with the legal
requirements of a country.
 In India, the CRS covers events of births and deaths only.
14
 The registration records are serving twin objectives, primarily
useful for their value as legal documents and secondarily as
a source of vital statistics.
 Civil Registration as a source of vital statistics is relatively
inexpensive, as the statistics generated from the registration
records are the by-products of an essential administrative
process.
 The registration records can also generate current and
continuous statistics, which can be more accurate than any
other method of data collection.
15
•
However, the reliability of the statistics obtained through
the registration system depends much on the
completeness and promptness with which events are
registered and the accuracy of the information in the
registration records.
•
The improvement in the system of registration of births and
deaths is critically dependent on how much importance is
attached to the data on births and deaths by the
respective administrative units at different levels.
•
Besides, the level of awareness among the public about
the utility of birth / death certificate also plays a crucial role.
16
(a). Fertility Indicators:

The Fertility Indicators helps to measure the
changes in the level of fertility during the previous
period. The component of Fertility Indicators are
Crude Birth Rate(CBR), General Fertility Rate(GFR),
Age Specific Fertility/Marital Fertility Rates, Total
Fertility/Marital
Fertility
Rates
and
Gross
Reproduction Rates.
17
Crude Birth Rate(CBR):CBR is
the average
annual number of births during a year per 1,000
persons in the population at midyear; also known
as crude birth rate.
Crude Birth Rate = Number of Live Births during a year x 1000
Mid-Year Population
Mid-year Population = Population, at the mid-point of the year, this is,
on 1st July, of a year.
The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in
determining the rate of population growth. It
depends on both the level of fertility and the age
structure of the population.
18
Crude Birth Rate(CBR):
Year : 2010
KARNATAKA
Total
19.2
Rural
20.2
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Urban
Total
17.5
17.9
Rural
18.3
KERALA
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
16.7
14.8
14.8
14.8
TAMIL
NADU
Total
15.9
INDIA
Rural
Urban
Total
16.0
15.8
22.1
Rural
23.7
Urban
18.0
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table indicates that the CBR of Karnataka is below the All India figure. The
Karnataka’s CBR is on the higher side as compared with the other southern states.
19
General Fertility Rate(GFR):GFR is a refined measure of
fertility, defined as the number of live births per thousand
women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years, is a useful
tool for measuring fertility.
Year : 2010
KARNATAKA
Total
68.1
ANDHRA
PRADESH
KERALA
TAMIL NADU
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
73.2
59.7
62.2
64.8
56.5
52.8
53.0
52.5
56.8
58.7
54.5
INDIA
Total
83.9
Rural
Urban
91.9
64.0
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
In this table also it can be seen that the GFR of Karnataka is below the All India
figure. The Karnataka’s GFR is on the higher side as compared with the other
southern states. Further the sectorwise comparison of the above table reveals that
the General Fertility Rate among the southern states are on the lower side as
compared to the All India level.
20
Age Specific Fertility Rate(ASFRs):ASFR
which relates
to Age of women is an important factor affecting the fertility levels. On the
basis of data on births to women by specific age groups in the reproductive
span 15-49 years, ASFR has been calculated.
Year : 2010
ASFR
ANDHRA
PRADESH
KARNATAKA
KERALA
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
15-19
41.2
48.9
26.8
45.9
54.2
26.6
19.4
20.4
20-24
186.4
214.2
140.2
197.8
216.4
158.4
135.5
25-29
119.9
119.3
120.8
90.3
84.4
102.2
30-34
34.8
30.7
41.7
22.3
20.3
35-39
12.7
11.9
14.0
4.5
40-44
1.1
1.3
0.7
45-49
0.0
0.1
0.0
TAMIL NADU
Rural Urban
INDIA
Total
Rural
Urban Total
Rural Urban
16.6
20.1
24.5
14.0
37.2
43.1
19.6
134.9
137.4
154.3
168.1
136.4
198.6
218.5
147.3
131.6
129.9
136.8
117.8
115.0
121.1
156.8
167.5
132.9
26.9
53.9
53.9
54.0
37.9
33.4
43.3
66.0
70.1
56.2
4.4
4.7
14.0
14.4
12.5
10.3
8.2
12.8
29.7
34.5
18.1
1.8
2.0
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.8
1.1
1.8
0.2
9.3
11.6
3.8
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.9
0.7
3.9
5.2
1.0
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above data reveals that fertility in all the age groups is higher in rural areas than in urban
areas. The fertility reaches the peak in the age group 20 – 24 years and declines thereafter,
irrespective of the place of residence.
It can be seen from the above table that ASFR of Karnataka is less than that of the All India except
for the age group 15 – 19 years.
21
Total Fertility Rate(TFR) : TFR is the average number of
children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the
end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a
given fertility rate at each age.
The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the
level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per
woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change
in the country.
A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement
rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total
numbers. Rates above two children indicate populations growing
in size and whose median age is declining.
22
Higher rates may also indicate difficulties for families, in some
situations, to feed and educate their children and for women to
enter the labor force.
Rates below two children indicate populations decreasing in size
and growing older. Global fertility rates are in general decline and
this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries,
especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to
decline dramatically over the next 50 years.
Year : 2010
ITEM
TFR
KARNATAKA
Total
Rural
Urban
2.0
2.1
1.7
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Total Rural Urban
1.8
1.9
1.6
KERALA
Total
1.8
TAMIL NADU
Rural Urban
1.8
1.8
Total Rural Urban
1.7
1.8
1.6
INDIA
Total
Rural
Urban
2.5
2.8
1.9
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
It can be seen from the above table that the total and sector wise TFR in respect of
the southern states is less than that of the All India figure. Further TFR in respect of
Kerala remains at 1.8 both at the Rural and Urban sectors respectively.
23
Gross Reproduction Rate(GRR):GRR measures the
average number female children a woman is expected to give
birth during her entire reproductive span conforming to the Age
Specific Fertility Rates(ASFRs) for a given year, if there is no
mortality.
Year : 2010
ITEM
GRR
KARNATAKA
Total
Rural
1.0
1.0
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Urban Total
0.8
0.9
KERALA
Rural
Urban
Total
0.9
0.7
0.9
TAMIL NADU
Rural Urban Total
0.9
0.9
0.8
Rural Urban
0.8
0.8
INDIA
Total
Rural
Urban
1.2
1.3
0.9
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table depicts that the GRR of Southern states are on the lower side as
compared to the All India figure. Karnataka’s GRR is on the higher side as compared to
the other southern states in respect of total wise as well as sector wise.
24
Total Marital Fertility Rates(TMFRs):TMFRs is the
cumulative value of Age Specific Marital Fertility
Rates(ASMFRs) at the end of the reproductive period. It
indicates the average number of children expected to be
born per married woman during the entire span of her
reproductive period, if the ASMFRs continues to be the same
and if there is no mortality.
Year : 2010
ITEM
TMFR
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
3.8
4.0
3.3
3.3
Rural Urban
3.4
3.0
KERALA
TAMIL NADU
Total Rural Urban Total Rural
3.7 3.9
3.2 4.0 4.0
INDIA
Urban Total Rural
Urban
3.8 4.4 4.5
3.8
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table reveals that the ASMFRs of all the southern states is less as
compared to All India Figure. This indicates that the average number of children
expected to be born per married woman during the entire span of female
reproductive period is lesser than the All India level.
25
Percentage distribution of Live Births by Order:This
information pertains to the order of the live birth and interval
between current and previous live births. This provide useful
information on spacing of children and level of fertility.
Year : 2010
ITEM
KARNATAKA
Total
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Rural Urban Total
KERALA
Rural Urban
Total
TAMIL NADU
Rural Urban
INDIA
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
1
48.7
47.4
51.5
53.8
53.5
54.6
50.7
50.2
52.2
52.4
49.9
55.6
41.5
39.5
48.6
2
33.7
33.3
34.5
37.4
37.9
36.2
36.9
36.5
38.1
37.4
37.0
37.9
30.5
30.1
31.9
3
11.4
12.4
9.4
7.0
7.2
6.6
10.0
10.7
8.1
8.4
10.5
5.6
14.3
15.1
11.5
4+
6.2
6.9
4.7
1.7
1.4
2.6
2.4
2.7
1.7
1.9
2.7
0.9
13.7
15.3
8.0
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table on the percentage live births by order indicates that the there is vide
difference in the order of the live birth and interval between current and previous live
birth between the southern states and All India.
26
Percentage distribution of Current live births by birth
interval(in months):
Birth Interval : The percentage distribution of second and
higher order live births by interval between current and previous
live birth. The data reveals about the spacing of the children.
Year : 2010
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH
KERALA
TAMIL NADU
INDIA
Months
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
10-12
0.7
0.6
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.9
1.2
12-18
9.7
10.3
8.2
11.8
11.8
12.0
4.9
4.8
5.0
11.7
18-24
19.9
21.9
15.5
20.7
20.1
22.1
9.8
10.1
9.0
24-30
21.6
23.3
17.8
20.7
22.0
17.3
11.8
11.5
30-36
12.3
13.0
10.8
11.7
12.1
10.8
10.5
36+
35.8
30.9
46.7
34.0
32.8
37.2
62.8
Urban
0.4
Total
Rural
Urban
1.6
1.6
1.2
12.3
10.8 10.4
10.5
9.8
18.7
20.1
16.7 15.9
16.3
14.1
12.8
17.0
19.0
14.0 18.7
19.4
15.9
10.9
9.4
11.6
12.0
11.1 12.3
12.7
10.6
62.5
63.8
40.0
35.4
47.0 41.2
39.5
48.4
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table indicates that the percentage distribution of live births by spacing between two
children is higher for the interval of 36+ in all the southern states as compared to All India figure.
Kerala state has the highest percentage spacing in the age group of 36+ as compared to other
states and all India figure. The percentage distribution of current live births by birth interval in
months is very less for the interval 10-12 in the southern states as compared to All India figure.
27
Mortality Indicators:
Mortality is one of the basic components of
population change and related data is essential for
demographic
studies
and
public
health
administration. It is the principal ingredient for
population projections and life tables. The various
measures of mortality are Crude Death Rate(CDR),
Under five Mortality Rate(U5MR), Infant Mortality
Rate(IMR) and its components viz., Age Specific
Mortality Rate(ASMR), Still Birth Rate(SBR) and
Peri-Natal Mortality Rate(PMR).
28
Crude Death Rate(CDR):CDR is the average annual
number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at
midyear; also known as crude death rate.
Crude Death Rate =
Mid-year Population
Number of Deaths in a year
Mid-Year Population
x 1000
= Population, at the mid-point of the year, this is,
on 1st July, of a year.
The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality
situation in a country, accurately indicates the current
mortality impact on population growth.
This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and
most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death
rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as
declining fertility results in an aging population.
29
Year : 2010
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA
PRADESH
KERALA
TAMIL NADU
INDIA
ITEM
Total
CDR
7.1
Rural
8.1
Urban
5.4
Total
7.6
Rural
8.6
Urban
5.4
Total
7.0
Rural
7.1
Urban
6.7
Total
7.6
Rural
8.2
Urban
6.9
Total
Rural
7.2 7.7
Urban
5.8
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table reveals that in Karnataka, Death Rate in the Rural Sector is on the
higher side as compared to the All India figure. Kerala and Tamil Nadu shows a
higher death rate in Urban Sector as compared with the Urban figure of the All India.
30
Percentage of Infant Deaths to Total Deaths: This
provides the percentage share of infant deaths to total
deaths sector wise.
Year : 2010
ITEM
KARNATAKA
Total
Percentage of
Infant deaths
to total deaths
10.4
Rural
10.9
Urban
9.1
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Total
10.6
Rural
10.8
KERALA
Urban
10.1
Total
2.8
Rural
3.0
TAMIL NADU
Urban
2.3
Total
5.0
Rural
Urban
5.0
5.0
INDIA
Total
14.5
Rural
Urban
15.8
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table depicts that the Percentage of Infants Deaths to Total Deaths in
respect of southern states is on the lower side as compared to the All India Figure.
Kerala records the lowest percentage of infant deaths to total deaths.
31
9.7
Early Neo-Natal Mortality Rate:The number of infant
deaths less than seven days of life per thousand live births forms
an important component of Infant Mortality Rate and more
specifically of the neo-natal mortality rate.
Year : 2010
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Total
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
Percentage of Early
Neo-natal Mortality
rate
56.2
59.3
46.3
52.0
56.3
35.1
KERALA
Total
38.7
Rural
40.8
TAMIL NADU
Urban
30.0
Total
Rural
55.9
58.1
Urban
52.6
INDIA
Total
Rural
Urban
53.9
54.6
49.6
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
From the above table, Early Neo-Natal Mortality Rate in the Urban Sector is on the
lower side as compared to the All India Figure, where as in the All Karnataka and Rural
Sector of Karnataka it is on the higher side. Special mention has to be made in
respect of Kerala State where the Early Neo-Natal Mortality Rate is on the lower side
as compared to the All India figure.
32
Under Five Mortality Rate(U5MR):
The Under Five Mortality Rate for Karnataka and India are
provided below. At the National level, under five mortality rate
is estimated at 59 and it varies from 66 in rural area and 38 in
urban area. Karnataka’s U5MR is much better as compared to
national level with 45 at the State level and 49 and 36 at the
rural and urban sector respectively.
Year : 2010
ITEM
KARNATAKA
Total
U5MR
45
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
49
36
48
53
36
KERALA
Total
15
Rural
16
TAMIL NADU
Urban
12
Total
Rural
27
30
Urban
24
INDIA
Total
Rural
Urban
59
66
38
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The U5MR of the southern states are on the lower side as compared with the All India
Figure.
33
Where we are as per 4th MDG?
The fourth Millennium Development Goal(MDG) aims to reduce
mortality among children under five by two-thirds. India’s Under Five
Mortality (U5MR) declined from 125 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 74.6
per 1,000 live births in 2005-06. U5MR is expected to further decline to
70 per 1,000 live births by 2015. This means India would still fall short
of the target of 42 per 1,000 live births by 2015. In view of these
statistics, child survival in India needs sharper focus. This includes
better managing neonatal and childhood illnesses and improving child
survival, particularly among vulnerable communities. Survival risk
remains a key challenge for the disadvantaged who have little access
to reproductive and child health services. Major states in the heartland
of India are likely to fall significantly short of these targets, by more than
20 points.
Key to significant progress in reducing U5MR and infant mortality rates
rests with reducing neonatal deaths, that is, infant deaths that occur
within a year of birth at a fast pace.
34
Where we are as per 4th MDG?
From a Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) of 437 per 100,000 live births in
1990-91, India is required to reduce MMR to 109 per 100,000 live births by
2015. Between 1990 and 2006, there has been some improvement in the
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) which has declined to 254 per 100,000 live
births as compared to 327 in 1990. However, despite this progress, India is
expected to fall short of the 2015 target by 26 points. Safe motherhood
depends on the delivery by trained personnel, particularly through
institutional facilities. However, delivery in institutional facilities has risen
slowly from 26 percent in 1992-93 to 47 percent in 2007-08. Consequently,
deliveries by skilled personnel have increased at the same pace, from 33
percent to 52 percent in the same period. By 2015, it is expected that India
will be able to ensure only 62 percent of births in institutional facilities with
trained personnel. Thus, universal coverage remains to be achieved.
35
Infant Mortality Rate(IMR): IMR is the number of deaths
of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live
births in the same year.
Infant Mortality Rate =Death of a Child of less than one year old in a year x 1000
Number of live births during the year
This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.
Year : 2010
ITEM
KARNATAKA
Total
IMR
38
ANDHRA
PRADESH
Rural
Urban
Total
Rural
Urban
43
28
46
51
33
KERALA
Total
13
Rural
14
TAMIL NADU
Urban
10
Total
Rural
24
25
Urban
22
INDIA
Total
Rural
Urban
47
51
31
Source : Sample Registration Scheme Statistical Report 2010
The above table reveals that the IMR of all the southern states except Urban Andhra
Pradesh, the IMR rate is on the lower side as compared to All India.
A complete CRS is the only source to yield number of infant deaths at all administrative
levels including Districts / Sub-districts.
SRS is another source for providing number of infant deaths, is not designed to give
reliable estimates below the State level.
36
Statistical Reports:
Registration of Births and Deaths is constantly generating statistical
information at the local level. The information contained in the
Reporting Forms is consolidated in the Chief Registrar’s Office. Every
Chief Registrar is required to submit an Annual Report on the working of
the Act and a Statistical Report to the State Government by July and
December respectively of the following year to which the report relates.
The Chief Registrar’s are also required to send a copy of these reports
to the Registrar General, India.
Based on the information available in the Reporting Forms the Annual
Statistical Report has been prepared annually. Some tables of the report
contains information for Districts with rural-urban and sex-wise breakup. Therefore, this special report has been prepared by compiling this
information. Keeping in view the importance and use of the data on
registered births and deaths, this report provides the District-wise
registered births and deaths along with infant deaths with sex-wise and
rural-urban break-up of registered events for the period 2001-10.
37
A Brief Analysis of Data on Registered Births, Deaths and Infant
Deaths
Births and Deaths are the two most important vital events. The
basic statistics on births and deaths registered have been used to
generate vital rates and some other related important indicators and
the summary results are presented in Statements.
The comparison of this data with SRS data brings out the coverage
of CRS.
38
However, while interpreting the comparison it should be borne in mind
that the registration of births and deaths is carried out at the place of
occurrence of the event whereas the vital rates based on SRS are
generated based on place of usual residence of mothers / deceased
(as the case may be) irrespective of the place of occurrence of events.
It is also important to mention that the registration data, at present, is
deficient not only in terms of non-registration of events but also with
regard to non-reporting by the local registration units to the District
Registrar’s Office.
A brief description and general findings based on these statements are
given in the following paragraphs.
Number of births and deaths registered in the state for the years 2001
to 2010 are presented in Statement-1.
39
Statement 1 : Number of Births and Deaths Registered in Karnataka,
2001 – 2010
Year
Births
2001
1017224
2002
Deaths
Year
Births
Deaths
365181
2006
1046531
387604
973653
355662
2007
1046424
381890
2003
1001749
359661
2008
1082450
372062
2004
988520
343644
2009
1076383
373290
2005
1007868
364415
2010
1071518
381743
40
Although the number of registered births and deaths has shown a
overall increasing trend, however, in some intervening years with a
fluctuating trend over these years. The number of registered births
has increased from 9.73 lakhs in 2002 to 10.8 lakhs in 2008. Except
for the years 2002, 2009 and 2010, the increase has been gradual in
the remaining years. The decline during these years was on account
of non-availability of information on registration of vital events in most
of the districts during the year. Similarly, the number of registered
deaths has increased from 3.5 lakhs in 2000 to 3.7 lakhs in 2001.
Increase in death registration has been noticed from the years 2004 to
2006. Chart 1 and 2 further highlights the pattern in number of
registered births and deaths from 2001 to 2010.
41
Chart 1 : Number of Registered Births, 2001 – 2010
1100000
Births
1050000
1000000
950000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Births 1017224 973653 1001749 988520 1007868 1046531 1046424 1082450 1076383 1071518
Year
42
Chart 2 : Number of Registered Deaths, 2001-2010.
390000
380000
Deaths
370000
360000
350000
340000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Deaths 351736 365181 355662 359661 343644 364415 387604 381890 372062 373290 381743
Year
43
Statement : Number Infants Deaths Registered – 2001 - 2010
Sl. No.
Karnataka/District
KARNATAKA
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
7821
9868
10063
9767
9069
10304
11726
12421
13394
13199
1 Bagalkote
145
156
301
201
179
862
242
359
451
376
2 Bangalore
1881
2477
1826
2545
1577
1396
1313
1443
1678
1811
41
171
267
166
162
75
85
105
48
65
4 Belgaum
443
323
500
303
304
632
751
1465
1062
1014
5 Bellary
410
432
460
469
511
472
761
809
719
668
6 Bidar
145
138
173
130
150
101
137
173
128
142
7 Bijapur
174
346
303
313
390
151
294
333
328
489
53
84
245
161
152
137
200
149
109
103
50
177
103
10 Chikmagalur
164
289
189
244
250
120
166
166
190
154
11 Chitradurga
237
310
314
305
289
160
374
256
238
236
12 Dakshina Kannada
435
423
445
490
538
787
697
800
681
563
13 Davanagere
206
350
362
358
357
603
508
672
911
771
14 Dharwad
461
433
454
514
504
563
1168
1325
1560
1458
15 Gadag
125
210
137
196
199
273
370
403
431
294
16 Gulburga
386
392
449
279
298
407
372
357
507
511
17 Hassan
154
269
312
252
250
169
187
209
269
210
18 Haveri
120
236
241
211
207
182
135
124
109
81
3 Bangalore Rural
8 Chamarajanagar
9 Chikkaballpur
19 Kodagu
34
58
74
44
38
87
87
110
66
77
20 Kolar
236
302
279
267
265
361
311
184
149
87
21 Koppal
131
146
153
176
181
169
148
151
166
133
22 Mandya
122
255
217
228
150
104
438
347
246
335
23 Mysore
681
621
930
495
671
685
1257
1264
1611
1419
24 Raichur
195
265
200
184
199
248
209
223
318
710
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
24
30
12
26 Shimoga
243
560
391
575
503
506
471
573
565
645
27 Tumkur
359
231
432
345
349
346
391
347
256
305
28 Udupi
116
181
226
125
215
328
307
160
206
166
294
185 44
154
25 Ramanagar
29 Uttara Kannada
30 Yadgir
124
210
183
191
181
380
347
107
The above statement shows that the number of registered
infant deaths in 2001 was 7821 and it was 13199 in 2010.
Large variations are seen while comparing the CRS based
IMR to that of SRS based IMR. In the State, proportion of
the registered infant deaths is below 30 percent for all the
years under review. Such a low level of registration of infant
deaths is a serious cause of concern. Full coverage of infant
deaths by the Civil Registration machinery only can help in
identifying areas with high infant mortality rates, which is an
essential input for any health planning.
45
Level of Registration of births / deaths
The level of registration, defined as the percentage of registered births /
deaths to the estimated births / deaths, determines the performance
level of a state so far as the efficacy of Civil Registration System is
concerned.
For the purpose, the estimated total number of events
(births / deaths) as revealed from SRS rates is used in the absence of
reliable estimates from any other source. The level of registration so
calculated is very high either due to the lower estimates of vital events
than the actual and / or due to the fact that SRS estimates of vital
events are registered at the place of occurrence irrespective of the place
of residence.
The level of registration of births has increased from 86.3 per cent in
2001 to 95.3 per cent in 2010. The level of registration of deaths has
noticed fluctuating trend i.e., either increasing or decreasing. The
following Chart highlights the level of registration of births and deaths
from 2001 to 2010.
46
91.7
95.3
2009
2010
87.0
91.8
92.0
91.6
2007
94.6
92.2
91.9
2006
87.6
90.3
85.8
91.7
85
84.3
2003
90.5
2002
81.9
90
86.3
PECENTAGE
95
91.8
96.7
100
97.7
Chart: Level of Registration of Births and Deaths (Karnataka), 2001-2010
80
75
70
2001
2004
2005
2008
YEAR
Births
Deaths
47
The following statement depicts the distribution of
districts by their level of registration of births and
deaths.
The level of registration is achieved more than cent
percent in those districts where a number of events
may be occurring to the outsiders (persons belonging
to the neighbouring border areas) who visit their places
to avail of the better medical facilities.
48
Statement : DISTRICTWISE REPORTING & RECORDING EFFICIENCY-2010
Sl.
No.
DISTRICT NAME
REPORTING
COMBINED
RECORDING
BIRTH
COMBINED
DEATH
COMBINED
1
BAGALKOTE
99.62
137.77
103.26
2
BANGALORE RURAL
99.52
55.60
76.64
3
BANGALORE URBAN
81.44
97.55
89.91
4
BELGAUM
99.25
111.86
103.43
5
BELLARY
100.00
130.85
99.49
6
BIDAR
91.14
128.38
71.02
7
BIJAPUR
97.78
162.33
106.84
8
CHAMARAJNAGAR
99.91
69.23
95.14
9
CHICKBALLAPURA
96.00
70.63
54.94
10
CHICKMAGALUR
100.00
76.46
70.70
11
CHITRADURGA
100.00
79.19
111.18
12
DAKSHINA KANNAD
99.21
99.79
118.99
13
DAVANAGERE
99.87
101.46
117.80
14
DHAWARD
100.00
114.52
118.48
15
GADAG
100.00
112.46
116.69
16
GULBARGA
63.05
117.61
64.98
17
HASSAN
100.00
77.09
98.18
18
HAVERI
100.00
102.46
97.49
19
KODAGU
98.86
70.75
84.81
20
KOLARA
90.59
73.90
46.11
21
KOPPAL
96.14
134.89
92.02
22
MANDYA
95.52
59.43
71.57
23
MYSORE
100.00
87.76
94.79
24
RAICHUR
83.80
105.98
81.57
25
RAMANAGARA
100.00
65.27
84.58
26
SHIMOGA
100.00
94.60
97.55
27
TUMKUR
88.79
63.33
94.59
28
UDUPI
100.00
85.48
123.89
29
UTTARA KANNADA
94.04
93.07
86.89
30
YADGIR
STATE
64.05
120.31
69.73
94.59
99.02
92.81
It is observed that while the level of registration of births is above 100 per cent in as many as 13 districts in 2010, only 6
districts could achieve that level on registration of deaths recording more than 100 per cent of registered births as
49well
as deaths.
Crude Birth and Crude Death Rate
The crude birth rates and crude death rates based on these registered
events for the years 2001–2010 are presented Statement-6 which
shows the comparative picture of birth rates and death rates based on
the data from CRS and SRS during the years 2001-2010.
Statement : Crude Birth and Crude Death Rates Based on CRS and SRS
and Level of Registration of Births and Deaths – 2001-2010
SRS
CRS
Level Of
Registration
of Births
2001
22.2
19.5
86.3
7.6
7.0
90.5
2002
22.1
18.9
81.9
7.2
6.9
91.8
2003
21.8
19.3
84.3
7.2
6.9
91.7
2004
20.9
18.8
85.8
6.9
6.5
90.3
2005
20.6
18.5
87.6
7.1
6.7
91.9
2006
20.1
19.0
92.2
7.1
7.0
96.7
2007
19.9
19.0
92.0
7.3
6.9
91.6
2008
19.8
19.3
94.6
7.4
6.6
87.0
2009
19.5
19.1
97.7
7.2
6.6
91.8
2010
19.2
18.3
95.3
7.1
6.5
91.7
CBR
Year
SRS
CRS
Level Of
Registration of
Deaths
CDR
It is seen from the Statement that the birth rate and death rate for the state as
a
50
whole based on CRS data is not comparable with the rates based on SRS data.
DISTRICTWISE REGISTERED BIRTHS, DEATHS, INFANT DEATHS, STILL BIRTHS AND RATES
URBAN & RURAL-2010 (AS PER CRS 2010)
Sl.No
District
Birth
Registered Rate
Death
Registered Rate
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2
BAGALKOTE
BANGALORE (R)
BANGALORE (U)
BELGAUM
BELLARY
BIDAR
BIJAPUR
CHAMARAJANAGAR
CHICKBALLAPUR
CHIKMAGALUR
CHITRADURGA
3
49492
10820
111227
97498
55355
41575
64909
13443
20915
16407
27278
4
26.98
14.22
12.33
19.52
22.34
25.54
30.70
13.91
15.81
13.03
17.74
5
14778
5168
38961
33291
15221
9567
15319
7758
6611
6376
11993
6
7.93
5.62
4.13
6.91
6.23
6.21
7.10
7.73
5.66
6.02
7.76
12
DAKSHINA KANNADA
34218
14.80
16703
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
DAVANAGERE
DHARWAD
GADAG
GULBARGA
HASSAN
HAVERI
KODAGU
KOLAR
KOPPAL
MANDYA
MYSORE
RAICHUR
RAMANAGAR
SHIMOGA
TUMKUR
UDUPI
UTTARA KANNADA
YADGIR
STATE
34862
39194
23031
51407
26007
28241
8360
19525
32560
23879
51197
33209
13131
33361
42716
18959
25082
23660
1071518
18.65
20.25
21.94
26.84
14.82
17.73
15.53
12.99
23.94
15.31
16.57
21.86
10.86
17.28
16.51
16.06
16.22
28.15
18.29
15663
15907
9206
14150
11217
10767
3573
5829
8668
10872
17935
8507
5552
12451
21366
10749
9287
8298
381743
Infant Death
Registered
Rate
7
8
Still Birth
Registered
Rate
376
65
1811
1014
668
142
489
103
103
154
236
7.33
5.08
15.48
11.05
12.59
3.69
7.55
8.47
5.50
13.10
10.65
9
464
28
381
980
152
346
208
75
93
75
123
10
9.00
1.84
3.26
10.37
3.39
8.20
3.17
5.08
4.90
5.91
4.79
7.18
563
13.39
258
7.66
7.78
8.04
8.96
7.28
6.40
7.15
6.88
3.89
6.57
6.64
5.87
5.68
5.10
7.06
8.52
8.50
6.90
10.04
6.51
771
1458
294
511
210
81
77
87
133
335
1419
710
12
645
305
166
154
107
13199
18.42
33.90
15.13
9.75
8.48
5.32
9.75
4.87
5.37
13.83
27.36
21.84
2.04
19.73
7.54
7.48
9.69
4.89
12.32
236
737
438
35
47
201
23
153
46
21
389
326
0
344
157
126
125
0
6587
6.93
14.36
16.08
1.21
1.86
11.03
2.90
7.88
3.72
1.07
8.01
10.23
0.00
9.68
3.47
5.27
6.59
0.30
6.15
51
Survey Findings:
A sample survey on Registration and Reporting of Births and Deaths
conducted in Bijapur and Udupi districts(reference period
01.01.2008 to 31.12.2008). Sample results of Bijapur and Udupi
districts revealed that :
ANMs and Anganwadi workers required Intensive Training in filling
up of reporting formats and creation of awareness for forwarding of
such Reports to Registrars atleast once in 15 days without fail.
Wide publicity measures on births and deaths registration is
required.
In order to achieve cent percent registration of events, it is essential
for Tahsildar at taluk level to review the registration work regularly.
52
Prevention of duplication of registration of events,
particularly for events occurring other than local.
Medical officers of Public Health Centres are required to
review the Births and Deaths report, sex ratio etc., once
in a month at the centre level. Similar action is required
in urban areas also.
Reliability of procedural aspects of arriving at recording
efficiency needed examination.
Good awareness among the public about the importance
of institutional deliveries in Udupi district was observed.
This type of awareness needs to be created in all the
districts of the State.
53
CONCLUSION:
When the SRS was started in 1964, it was clearly mentioned in
the original document that the SRS was a temporary scheme, to fill
in the period of deficiencies in Civil Registration and should be in
vogue for not more than 10 years. Now, even after 48 years, the
SRS continues to be the major source of data on births and death
rates in the country and in 2004 the sample size has been
considerably increased based on the 2001 census.
While the SRS sample for the year 1969-70 covered a total of
3722 clusters, 2432 in rural areas and 1290 in the urban areas. At
present, SRS is operationalin 7,597 sample units (4,433 rural and
3,164 urban) spread across all States and Union territories and
covers about 1.5 million households and 7.27 million population.
54
SRS seems to have got a permanent foothold in the
monitoring and evaluation of births and deaths in the
country and related health and welfare programmes.
Because of this, the Civil Registration System seems to
have suffered because of excessive focus on SRS and
satisfaction of the researchers and bureaucrats with
estimates of vital rates at the state level.
55
Acknowledgments:
a. Annual report on the Registration of Births and Deaths
Act, 1969 .for the years 2009 and 2010.
b. CRS special report for the years 2001-2008.
c. Concept Note of Mr. K.Srinivasan , ATI, Mysore.
56
Thank you
57