Transcript France

Used MOX fuels options
From storage to transport and recycling
R. Coulon - I. Leboucher
AREVA
What is used MOX fuel?
LWR MOX fuel before irradiation
 Initial plutonium content for a targeted burn-up of 52 GWd/t: 8.65% PuO2
 Depleted UO2 matrix
Same design, same in-core performance as LWR UO2 fuel
LWR MOX after irradiation
 Burn-up: 52 GWd/t
 Residual plutonium content: 5.7% PuO2
 Thermal power/output or heat load: 4 kW to be compared to 2.6 kW for a
UO2 fuel after 3 years of cooling
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
Who has used LWR MOX Fuel worldwide
over 36 Reactors
Unterweser
Brokdorf
Emsland
Grohnde
Tihange
Grafenrheinfeld
Doel
Gravelines
MOX
loadings starting 2009, first
2
with
Genkai
Dampierre
10
Philippsburg
Isar
Chinon
Gundremmingen
Saint-Laurent
Le Blayais
21
3
Tricastin
MFFF
Neckar
Westheim
Beznau
Project
Gösgen
PWR
PWRBWR
BWR
MOX
Fuel
Europe
reactors
as of
Dec. 2008
MOX Fuel
in
11
Utilities
committed
to loading
MOXFAs
fuel
MFFF
: up
to Japan
70
t ofin:MOX
Fuel: 35
per
year fortotalizing
US
NPPs,~5500
starting
from
2018
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
MOX Performance in LWRs
AREVA’s delivered FA burnup
800
700
600
2007: EDF MOX Parity
burnup increase from
36~-38 to 50 GWd/t
Number of FA's
500
400
300
Maximum achieved
burnups:
62,2 GWd/t PWR
58 GWd/t BWR
1972, year of
1st MOX
loading
200
100
0
030
3031
3132
3233
3334
3435
3536
3637
37- 3838 39
39- 4040 41
4142
4243
4344
4445
4546
4647
47- 4848 49
49- 5050 51
51- 5252 53
5354
5455
5556
5657
5758
5859
59- 6060 61
Burnup range (MWd/kg)
BELGIUM (PWR)
FRANCE (PWR)
GERMANY (BWR)
GERMANY (PWR)
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
SWITZERLAND (PWR)
USA (PWR)
61- 6262 63
Strategies to handle used LWR MOX Fuel
Further recycling into MOX Fuel in LWR
 In existing NPPs that currently burn MOX fuels
 In future NPPs, such as EPR 100% MOX
Future recycling in GEN IV reactors
 Plutonium resources concentrated in limited number of fuel assemblies
 Supposes interim storage in
 dry casks
 pools
Direct disposal
Strategies to handle used MOX fuels are similar to those
for UO2 fuels, implementation may slightly differ
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
LWR MOX fuel treatment campaigns
at AREVA La Hague
Traitement MOX à La Hague
Tons
35
Campaigns at UP2-800
30
25
20
1st test campaign
at UP2-400 further
R&D
1st Campaign at
UP2-400
15
10
R&D
5
R&D
0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Lessons learned from MOX recycling
AREVA industrial tools are performing extremely well
Treatment operations within a wide range of experience
 BU of 30 GWd/t, cooling time of 10 years, residual Pu content of 3%
 BU of 53 GWd/t, cooling time of 5 years, residual Pu content of 5%
 Ultimate waste (vitrified residues and compacted waste): same
specifications as for UO2 used fuel
Over 60 tons of MOX fuel treated during the 4 last campaigns
in UP2-800
New MOX fuel has been used in LWR
MOX fuels can be recycled today with existing facilities,
vitrified residues follow the same standards as the ones
from UO2 fuel recycled
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
Transportation of used MOX fuels
AREVA is now transporting all
used MOX fuels from EDF NPPs
to La Hague pools with the TN
112
 Capacity : 12 MOX fuels 17x17
 Burn-up : 55 GWd/t
 Cooling time : 3 years
 IAEA 2005
Other used MOX fuel designs
have been transported from
Germany with TN17, TN13, TN12
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
TN 112, 2008
(AIEA 2005)
Used LWR MOX Fuel
dry storage
The TN
24E
family :
 Up to 17 PWR per cask
 IAEA 1996 Design
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
TN24, a dual purpose cask :
Transport + Storage
»TN24 BH at Zwilag, Switzerland
Wet Spent Fuel Storage Facility
Goesgen NPP
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
Used MOX fuel: preparing the future
LWR
Recycling
SFR
LWR only
LWR/SFR
simultaneously
multi-recycling
U-Pu in SFR
(and possibly selected
Minor Actinides)
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher
Conclusion
Used MOX fuel benefits from the same management options
as used UO2 fuel
For the same amount of energy produced, it is easier to
manage 1 used MOX fuel instead of 9 (8+1) used UO2 fuel
MOX fuel concentrates resources for GEN IV reactors
IAEA June 3, 2010 – Used MOX fuel options – R. Coulon, I Leboucher