Stanford Clean Slate Program http://cleanslate.stanford.edu

Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow

Guru Parulkar [email protected]

with Saurav Das (Stanford), Nick McKeown (Stanford), Preeti Singh (Ciena), Dan Getachew (Ciena), Lyndon Ong (Ciena) Funded by Cisco, Deutsche Telekom, DoCoMo, Ericsson, Google, LightSpeed, MDV, NEC, NSF, Xilinx

Outline

• OpenFlow/Software Defined Networking • Unifying packet and circuit networks • Why providers like it

Internet has many problems

Plenty of evidence and documentation

Internet’s “root cause problem”

It is Closed for Innovations 3

We lost our way

Routing, management, mobility management, access control, VPNs, … App App Operating System App Million of lines of source code 5400 RFCs

Specialized Packet Forwarding Hardware

500M gates 10Gbytes RAM Bloated Power Hungry Many complex functions baked into the infrastructure

OSPF, BGP, multicast, differentiated services, Traffic Engineering, NAT, firewalls, MPLS, redundant layers, …

An industry with a “mainframe-mentality” 4

OpenFlow : Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure Net Services PC OpenFlow Switch API Controller sw Secure Channel hw Flow Table • Add/delete flow entries • Encapsulated packets • Controller discovery 5

Sliced and Virtualized OpenFlow Infrastructure Research Team A Controller

Control Plane API

Research Team B Controller Production Net Controller

Control Plane API

OpenFlow Protocol FLOWVISOR OpenFlow Protocol Isolated Network Slices Physical Infrastructure Packet&Circuit Switches: wired, wireless, optical media

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Example Network Services

• Static “VLANs” • New routing protocol: unicast, multicast, multipath, load-balancing • Network access control • Mobile VM management • Mobility and handoff management • Energy management • Packet processor (in controller) • IPvX • Network measurement and visualization • … 7

OpenFlow Enabled Switches/Routers/APs

Juniper MX-series NEC IP8800 WiMax (NEC) WiFi HP Procurve 5400 Cisco Catalyst 6k Cisco Catalyst 3750 (2010) Ciena CoreDirector Quanta LB4G Arista 7100 series (2010) More to follow...

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OpenFlow as GENI Networking Substrate A nationwide network before end of 2010 9

European Deployment

Pan-European experimental facility     L2 Packet Emulation Wireless Content delivery    L2 Packet Wireless Routing    L2 Packet Optics Content delivery   L2 Packet Shadow networks    L2 L3Packet Optics Content delivery 10

OpenFlow: A Hack to Experiment? Is there a bigger architecture story with business implications?

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OpenFlow : Enable Innovations “within” the Infrastructure Net Services PC OpenFlow Switch API Controller sw Secure Channel hw Flow Table • Add/delete flow entries • Encapsulated packets • Controller discovery 12

Architecturally what It Means 3. Well-defined open API 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source App App App Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware

Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware

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Packet and Circuit Convergence with OpenFlow

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Motivation

IP & Transport Networks (Carrier’s view)

C D •

are separate networks managed and operated independently

C D C D • •

resulting in duplication of functions and resources in multiple layers

C

D D D

C

D … well known

C

D D D D

C

D

Convergence is hard

… Two networks have very different architectures … previous attempts assumed networks remain the same We believe true convergence will come about from architectural change!

Software Defined Networking Research Goal: Packet and Circuit Flows Commonly Controlled & Managed

D D D Simple, network of Flow Switches D UCP

Flow Network D D D D D D D D D

… that switch at different granularities: packet, time-slot, lambda & fiber

PacketFlows

OpenFlow & Circuit Switches

Switch Port MAC src MAC dst Eth type VLAN ID IP Src IP Dst IP Prot TCP sport TCP dport Action Exploit the cross-connect table in circuit switches Circuit Flows In Port In Lambda VCG Starting Time-Slot Signal Type Out Port Out Lambda VCG Starting Time-Slot Signal Type The Flow Abstraction presents a unifying abstraction … blurring distinction between underlying packet and circuit and regarding both as flows in a flow-switched network

OpenFlow Example

VCG3 IP 11.12.0.0

VLAN1025 + VLAN2, P1 + VLAN2, P2 IP11.13.0.0TC

P80 + VLAN7, P2 VLAN2 VLAN7 VCG 3 VCG5 VCG5

R OpenFlow (software) A S R A OpenFlow (software) S IN OUT

P1 P2 P1 VC4 VC4 VC4 1 4 10 P3 STS192 1 Packet Switch Fabric Packet TDM VCG3 VCG5 Switch Fabric Circuit Switch Fabric GE ports TDM ports

Converged packets & dynamic circuits opens up new capabilities Congestion Control QoS Traffic Engineering VPNs Network Recovery Routing Power Mgmt Discovery

Congestion Control

Example Application

..via Variable Bandwidth Packet Links

OpenFlow Demo at SC09

Demo Video

http:// www.openflowswitch.org/wk/index.php/PAC.C

Why providers want it

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New Generation Providers Already Buy into It

In a nutshell – Driven by cost and control – Started in data centers….

What New Generation Providers have been Doing Within the Datacenters • Buy bare metal switches • Write their own control/management applications on a common platform 25

Example: New Data Center

Cost 200,000 servers Fanout of 20 a 10,000 switches $5k commercial switch a $1k custom-built switch a $50M $10M Control 1. Optimize for features needed 2. Customize for services & apps 3. Quickly improve and innovate Savings in 10 data centers = $400M

The value prop applies to enterprise and service provider networks

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Going Forward

• They want to apply this approach to other parts of their infrastructure • Work together to bring this change at a bigger scale Another way to look at it …

“Meeting of Minds” with Providers 3. Well-defined open API 2. At least one good operating system Extensible, possibly open-source App App App Network Operating System 1. Open interface to hardware

Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware Simple Packet Forwarding Hardware

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Consequences

• More innovation in network services – Owners, operators, 3rd party developers, researchers can improve the network – E.g. energy management, data center management, policy routing, access control, denial of service, mobility • Lower barrier to entry for competition – Healthier market place with reducing Capex&OpEx 29

Ecosystem Coming Together Role for Everyone to Contribute

• Researchers and R&E Networks • Providers: old and new The Value Chain – Google, Amazon, Yahoo!, (Microsoft, Facebook), – DT, DoCoMo, BT (Level3, Verizon, …) • Box vendors – Enterprise and backbone – Packet and circuit (electronic and photonics) – Incumbents and startups • Chip vendors – Broadcom, Dune, Marvell, …. 30

OpenFlow As Networking Substrate

• A platform for innovations – Within enterprise, backbone, & data center networks • Providers already buy into this vision – For their own reasons • Opportunities – Eco system is coming together – Time to engage 31

Thank You!!

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