科技文章的特点

科技文章的特点



大量使用名词化结构



广泛使用被动句



非限定动词的应用



大量使用后置定语



常出现长句

一、名词化结构



名词化是指把动词、形容词通过一定的方式，如 加缀、转化等转换成名词的语法过程。



因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确 切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为 。

一、名词化结构



名词化转换形式

 用名词替代动词 The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night. →

The rotation of the earth on own axis

causes the changes from day to night.

 用名词替代形容词 It is doubtful how accurate the results are. →

The accuracy of these results

is doubtful.

 用名词替代句子 If the experiment is done by this method, there will be some loss of equipment. →

The doing of the experiment by this method

will entail some loss of equipment.

二、被动句



科技文章侧重叙事、推理，强调客观、准确，因 而大量采用第三人称叙述，使用被动语态。

 The safety policy should

be put into

practice through careful planning of the safety activities.

 Occupational safety and health

has received

increasing attention due to its undeniable influence on economic development and social stability.

三、非限定动词



非限定动词，又叫非谓语动词，具有名词、形容 词和副词的特征，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、 表语、定语、状语、补足语等。



英语非限定动词有三种基本形式：

 不定式 (Infinitives)  动名词（ gerund ）  分词（现在分词 Present Participle 和过去分词 ed Participles) 。

三、非限定动词



不定式

 A safety policy is the management’s expression of the direction

to be followed

in the organization.



动名词

 Organizational culture is a major component

affecting

organizational performance and behavior.



分词

 He walked down the hill,

singing

softly to himself.

 Half of the guests

invited

to the party were foreigners.

四、后置定语



定语在修饰名词时，放在被修饰的名词之前，称 为前置定语，反之，称为后置定语。



常见句子结构形式有：

 介词短语后置 In small and medium-sized companies, the safety manager and the safety representative often have other duties

besides their health and safety tasks.

 形容词及形容词短语后置 The efforts

necessary to assure that sufficient emphasis is placed on system safety

are often organized into formal programs.

四、后置定语



常见句子结构形式有：

 副词后置 The air

outside

pressed the side in.

 分词后置 The results

obtained

must be checked.

 定语从句后置 The safety manager’s role is to act as an expert

who is aware of the health and safety legislation and other obligations concerning the company.

五、长句



科技论文中经常为了表达一个复杂的概念而使用 长句。

 One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions— invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration—that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problem”.

Unit 1 safety management system

Words and Phrase

        

Accident causation models

事故 致因理论

Safety management

安全管理

Physical conditions

物质条件

Machine guarding

机械保护装 置

House-keeping

工作场所管理

Top management

高层管理人 员

Human errors

人因失误

Accident-proneness models

事故 倾向模型

Munitions factory

军工厂           

Mutual trust

相互信任

Safety officer

安全官员

Safety committee

安全委员会

Shop-floor

生产区

Unionized company

集团公司

Seniority

资历、工龄

Local culture

当地文化

Absenteeism rate

缺勤率

Power relations

权力关系

Status review

状态审查

Lower-level management

低层管 理者

Unit 1 safety management system

Words and Phrase

       

Loss prevention

损失预防

Process industry

制造工业

Hazard control

危险控制

Intensive study

广泛研究

Organizational performance

企业绩效

Causal factors

起因

Risking taking

冒险行为

Corporate cultur

企业文化        

Business performance

组织绩效

Most senior executive

高级主管

Supervisory level

监督层

Safety principl

安全规则

Wall-board

公告栏

Implement plan

执行计划

Hazard identification

危险辨识

Safety performance

安全性能

重要句子翻译

  译文

1

：

One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration – that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”

译文

2

：

The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management.

  答案：译文1：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基 本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部 整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认 可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解 决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题。 译文2：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观 念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责 任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。

Unit 2 System Safety Engineering

Words and Phrase

              

System safety engineering

系统安全工程

By-product

附带产生的结果

Engineering practice

工程实践

Safety problem

安全问题

Accelerating technology

快速发展的技术

Safety effort System’s life cycle

安全投入 系统的生命周期

System effectiveness

系统有效性

Logical reasoning

逻辑推理

Potential accident

潜在事故

Accident cause Logical programming System hazard

系统危害

Safety input

安全投入 合理的规划

Inherently safe system

事故原因 本质安全系统              

Maintenance plans Safety problems Development phase Operation phase Performance reviews Disposal phase

处理阶段 绩效评估

Intuitive process

运行阶段 直觉过程

Make decisions

发展阶段 做决定

Hazard control

危险控制

Protective apparel

安全问题 防护服

Engineering solutions

手段 维护计划 工程方法

/ Protective devices Warning devices Schedule delays

保护装置 报警装置 进度拖延

Unit 2 System Safety Engineering

Words and Phrase

       

Concept phase

段 初步计划阶

Safety criteria

安全标准

Government regulations

政府管制

System operation

系统运行

System analysis

系统分析

System design Aid in

有助于 系统设计

Equipment specifications

设备说明       

Incorrect interpretation

解

Hazardous material

危险物质

Work area layout

工业区布局

Educational solutions

手段 教育方法

/ Training sessions

培训会议

Safety promotion programs

全促进项目 安

Administrative solutions

政方法

/

手段 误 行

重要句子翻译

  译文

1

：

Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.

译文

2

：

System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in today’s society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.

重要句子翻译

  译文

1

：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析， 必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功 主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统 和用于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实 践过程中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同 知识背景的人共同努力才行。 译文

2

：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和 相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努 力过程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是 系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都 能被识别、评估，并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用 科学的管理原则，系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。

Unit 3 The ergonomics Process

Words and Phrase

          

ergonomics process

人机工程过程

MSDs

（

are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your body’s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(

经 脉

), Ligaments(

韧带

), Joints

）由肌肉组 织或神经系统引起的伤害或疾病

Upper echelons

上层、高层

hourly employee

钟点工

Job sites

工地

Ergonomics committee

会 人机工程委员

Medical management

医疗管理

Musculoskeletal stressors

肌肉骨骼紧张 性刺激

Ergonomics input Management commitment Manufacturing engineers

人机工程投入 管理承诺

/

行为 制造业工程师              

Plant manager

工厂经理

Process engineer

生产工程师

Human resource manager Safety manager Sub-committee

安全经理 分委员会 人力资源经理

Overseeing body

监督主体

low back disorder

腰部疾病

Active and passive surveillance

主动和被 动监督

Job stressors

工作压力源

Follow-up Ergonomics awareness Follows through

人机工程意识 实现，把

…

进行到底

Chain of command Hit list

后续工作 黑名单 指挥链

重要句子翻译

 

You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazard identification.

你必须对危险辨识过程中得到的结果进行评估，并决定在实际危 险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施。当你不把一个已被报告的危险 当做一个实际存在的危险时，你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没 把这个被报告的危险当做一个真正的危险，并解释原因。这将确 保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作。

Unit 4 Hazard identification

Words and Phrase

         

Hazard identification

危险识别

Outcome

后果

Ongoing process

正在进行的过程

Place on

重视

Exposure limit

暴露极限

Ventilation system

通风系统

Budgetary constraint

预算约束

Jobsite safety inspection

工作场所安全检查

Accident investigation

事故调查

Labor management committee

劳动管理委 员会           

Accident incidence

事故发生率

Severity rate

严重事故率

Industrial acciden

工业事故

Work procedur

工作

/

操作程序

Walk-round inspection

巡视

Overexertion

用力过度

Carpal tunnel syndrome

腕管综合 症

Extreme temperature

极限温度

Worker-oriente

以人为本的

Mitigate

减轻

/

缓和

Abatement

降低

/

消除

重要句子翻译：



This approach to hazard identification does not require that someone with special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.

 这种危险辨识的方法不需要经过特需训练的人来执行。通常经过一个简短的 问卷调查就能完成。在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康的地方， 这种危险辨识方法能起到很好的作用。这个过程中最耗时的部分就是对识别 的潜在的危险进行分析评估和反馈。赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建 议并提出如何对这些潜在的危险进行管理的权利是必须的。

Unit 5 What is an OHSMS

Words and Phrase

             

OHSMS

职业健康安全管理体系

Legacy

遗产，留给后人的东西

In practice

在实践中

Allow for

考虑到

Regulatory system

监管体系

Review phase

审查阶段

Specific objective

特殊目标

Corrective action

纠正措施

Be central to

极为重要

Systematic approach

系统方法

Systemic linkage

体系联动

Inter-linked

相互链接

Feedback loop

反馈环

Specific program element

详细计划             

Principal contractor

总承包商

Regulatory framework

规章制度

European Union Framework Directive

欧 盟框架指令

All-encompassing approach

象的方法 包罗万

Sparingly

少量的

Home grown

国产的

/

自己制定

Chamber of Commerce and Industry

工 商会

/

工商联

Framing

编制

/

制定

Emergency planning

应急计划

Planning and accountability

计划与职责

Managerialist and participative models

经理主导模式和参与模式

bureaucratic model Empirical test

经验实验 官僚模式

Unit 5 What is an OHSMS

Words and Phrase

        

Mandatory

强制的

Arise from

由。。。引起

Strategic objective

战略目标

Commercial pressure

商业压力

Hybrid method

混合方法

Market-based

基于市场的

Formalised prescription

正式的 法规

/

规定

Mandated principle

明文规定 的原则

Stem from

起源于，来自于          

Mutually exclusive

相互排斥的

Quality levels Expand upon

详述

/

进一步阐述

Level of achievement

成就水平

Performance level

质量标准 执行标准

Graduating up

逐渐变化

At the behest o

在。。。命令

/

要求 下

Set out

阐述、陈列

Top down

由上而下

Trace to

追溯到

重要句子翻译

  译文

1

：

Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management systems” can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational interventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology, environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure.

译文

2

：

So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of dimensions relating to method of implementation, system characteristics, and degree of implementation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are expected to do. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards? Are they implemented at the behest of management or external OHS authorities? Are objectives the simple ones such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do they include satisfying multiple stakeholders? Are they at an early or established stage of development; and which of several different configurations of control strategy and management structure/style is adopted?

重要句子翻译

  译文1：相反，一个可选择来使用的“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术 系统理论，该理论强调组织干预，这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参 与者的定位及组织结构之间的相互关系进行分析的基础上的。 译文2：到目前为止，我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性的特征，这些特征 与执行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关。这种多样性的变化非常重要，因为 它对OHSMS性能的评价和测量有影响。对一个体系的某种特征适合的方法可 能对另一个特征不合适。OHSMS有效性的评价需要考虑到底期望这个体系来 干什么？它们满足复杂的体系呢还是只是一个简单的设计标准？它们是不是 在管理者或者外界OHS权威人士的要求下被执行的？它们的目标是这种简单 的（比如减少直接的时间损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机构满意？它们 是在处于形成的早期还是在建立时期？采取哪一种不同控制策略的形态和管 理结构/形式？

Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene

Words and Phrase

            

Industrial hygiene

工业卫生

Physical hazards

物理危害、物质危害

Nonionizing radiation

非电离辐射

Adverse effects

副作用、坏的影响

Loud noise

嘈杂的声音

Chemical bum

化学烧伤

Live electrical circuits

带电电路

Confined space Hearing loss

听力丧失 密闭空间

Physical or mental disturbance

或精神障碍 身体

Annoyance Grinder Potable water

烦恼 砂轮机 饮用水             

Threshold of pain Jet engine

痛觉阈 喷气式发动机

Time-weighted average

权平均 时间加

Snap

捻手指的声音

Heat stress

热威胁、热应力

Extremity

四肢

Shivering

颤抖

Hard labor

辛苦工作

Fatigued

疲乏的

Living tissue Plastic sealer

塑料密封机

Biological Hazards

生物危害

Mold

活组织 霉菌

Unit 6 Industrial Hygiene

Words and Phrase

        

Sound level meter On a daily basis

噪声计 每天

Hazard Communications Standard

危害通识规定

Stipulation Trade name

规定、条款 商标名

Hydrogen cyanide Chemical asphyxiant

氰化氢 化学窒息物质

Central nervous system

经系统 中枢神

Power tools

电动工具          

Sewage

污水

Physical contact

身体接触

Allergic reaction

过敏反应

Insect scale

介壳虫

Severe pain

剧烈的疼痛

Manual handling

手工处理

Disk injuries

椎间盘伤害

Airborne

空中的

Narrow band noise

窄带噪声

Impulse

脉冲

重要句子翻译

  译文

1

：

Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community”.

译文

2

：

Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a job, rest, relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound and is usually a sound that bears no information with varying intensity. It interferes with the perception of wanted sound, and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyance, and/or interfere with speech.

重要句子翻译

  译文

1

：工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和 控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自于 工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或使工人 或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服”。 译文

2

：当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神 发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、 睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常严重的危害。噪音是任何不 被期望的声音，它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息的 声音。它干扰人们对正常声音的辨别，可能是有害的，能使 人烦恼，并（或）干扰人们说话。

Unit 9 Accident Investigation

Words and Phrase

        

Accident Investigation

故调查 事

After-the-fact

事实背后的

Take an investigation

进行调查

Fact-finding process

过程 寻找事实的

Insurance carrier

保险公司

/

承 保人

Place blame

推卸责任

Permanent total disability

久全部劳动力丧失

For simplicity

永 为简单起见

Counter-measure

干预措施         

Accident prevention

事故预防

Investigative procedures

调查过 程

Fact finding

寻找事实

Operating procedures flow diagrams

操作过程流程图

Maintenance chart

维修图表

Bound notebook

活页笔记本

Physical or chemical law

理或化学定律 物

Table of contents Narrative

叙事的 目录

重要句子翻译

 译文：

Investigator collects evidence from many sources during an investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation as well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident, inspects the accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accident scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy sources, and hazardous materials.

重要句子翻译

 译文：调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据，从证人、 旁观者及一些相关报道中得到信息，在事故发生后尽快的找 目击证人谈话，在事故现场遭到改变前进行检查，对事故场 景进行拍照并绘制草图，记录与地形相关的所有数据，并将 所有的报道复印保存。记录常规的操作流程图、维修图表或 对困难、异常现象的报告等非常有用。在活页笔记本中完整 准确的记录。记录事故发生前的环境、事故顺序及事故发生 后的环境情况等。另外，记录伤者、证人、机械、能量来源 和危害物质的位置。

Unit 10 Safety Electricity

Words and Phrase

          

Safety electricity Electrical equipment Fuse puller

电力设备 保险丝夹

Break contact Hot side

高压端 安全用电 断开接点

/

触电    

Load side

负荷端 

Line side

线路

/

火线端 

Groundfault circuit interrupt

漏电保护 器  

Ground fault

接地故障 

Receptacle

电源插座 

Hot bubs

热水澡桶

Underwater lighting Fountains

水底照明 人工喷泉

Ungrounded (hot)conductor

未接地

(

高压

)

导体

/

火线

Neutral conductor

中性导体

Fault current

故障电流

Load center

载荷中心

Panelboard

配电板

Branch-circuit CB

一种多功能插座 分支电路

Plug-in

插入式

重要句子翻译

 

Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagout standards. Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable danger tags, tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and information on lockout/tagout procedures. Be sure the source of electricity remains open or disconnected when returning to work whenever leaving a job for any reason or whenever the job cannot be completed the same day.

上锁

/

挂牌成套设备也是可用的。上锁

/

挂牌套件中包含有必须满足

OSHA

上锁

/

挂牌标准的组件。上锁

/

挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用的危 险标签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁 作的时候都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态。

/

挂牌相 关的信息。无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时，在返回工

Unit 11 Machinery equipment safety

Words and Phrase

               

Machinery Equipment Safety

机械设备 安全

Presses

冲床

Lifting plant Scald

烫伤 起吊设备

Fragmentation Temporary staff

破碎

/

爆炸 临时人员

Dumper truck

翻斗车

Power presses

压力机

Lift truck

升降式装卸车

Elevating work platform CE marked

升降台

CE

认证标志

Subcontractor

中间商

/

转包商

Interlocked guard

联锁保护装置

Jig

模具

Push stick

推杆

Competent person

作的人 能胜任安全工              

Enter a contract

签订合同

Power pressure

冲床

Gearbox

变速箱

Chock

用垫木垫阻

Hot work

高温作业

Cutting/welding torch

焊喷灯 切割火炬

/

气

Retract

缩回

/

缩进 排式钻机

/

摇

Gang or radial drills

臂钻床

Lathes

车床

Turret

转台

Flying chips

飞屑

Coolant

冷却剂

Chuck wrench

卡盘扳手

Milling machine

磨削机

Unit 12 Accident analysis in construction

Words and Phrase

          

Construction work

建筑工程

Ill-health

不健康

Set out Roof work

陈述

/

阐明 屋顶工作

Erection Safety hazard

安装

/

架设 安全隐患

Monetary incentive Regulatory agency Guard rail

防护围栏 管理机构

Working platform

金钱鼓励 工作平台

Rooflight sheet

采光屋面板           

Close-boarded

鱼鳞板

Rough terrain

不平地形

Undulating ground roofer

起伏地 盖屋顶的人

Asbestos cement

石棉水泥

Excavation

挖掘

Groundwork

基础工作

Spoil heap

废物堆

Fenced off

用栏栅隔开

Natural ventilation

自然通风

Dense concrete

密实混凝土

重要句子翻译

 

Many construction workers are killed or seriously injured during lifting operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer long term injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as cement and aggregates.

很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从 吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机的轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤。更多的 工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重的物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、 铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状 物等）的时候而遭受长期的伤痛。

Unit 14 Hazardous chemical and its identification

Words and Phrase

       

Hazardous chemical

学品 危险化

Physical hazard

物质危害

Respiratory tract

呼吸道

Digestive tract Needle stick

针刺

Sensitizer

消化道 致癌物质

Hepatotoxins

肝脏毒素

Nephrotoxins

肾毒素       

Neurotoxins

神经毒素

Mucous membrane

粘膜

Safety hazard

安全隐患

Domino effect

多米诺效应

Major hazard

重大危险

Tighter control

加紧控制

Storage and terminal

运油库码头 港口转

Unit 15 Fire and Explosions

Words and Phrase

             

Firefighter Fire ground

火场

Fire protection

消防

Searing heat

消防队员 灼热

Physical explosion

物理爆炸

Chemical explosion

化学爆炸

Propane cylinder

丙烷钢瓶

Natural gas explosion

天然气爆炸

Gas main

煤气总管

Oil burner

燃油炉

Gas tank

气罐

Structure fire

建筑火灾

Shock wave

冲击波

Peak pressure

峰值压力              

Ground shock wave Gas meter

煤气表

Control handle

控制柄

Rubble

瓦砾堆

Paint store

油漆店

Hardware store

五金店

Fire suppression system

灭火系统

Truss construction

桁架结构

Manhole cover

沙井盖

Popping off

突然离去

Bumper

缓冲器

Squad

抢险队

Mitigation tactics

损失减轻策略

Ground zero

地表振动波 爆心投影点