Transcript Versatile Protection against stored product insects

Prevent Infesting Opportunities
with Diacon® IGR
Presented to
(insert Company name)
Presented by
(insert name)
(insert date)
Topics
• Why Control Stored Commodity Insects
• Integrated Pest Management
• Chemical Control Products
• Diacon® IGR
Why Control Insects?
Indian Meal Moth Population Build-up
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
100,000,000
1,000,000
10,000
Adult Female
22,500
45,000
100,000
3,375,000
6,750,000
10,000,000
Eggs
100
150
300
1,000
1
1
10
Day 1
Day 60
Day 120
Day 180
Assumes one female lays 300 eggs that mature into 150 females in 60 days
under ideal conditions. From 1 Female to 1 Billion Eggs in 180 Days.
Economic Impact
• Significant economic losses can be attributed to
stored product pests
– Growers and Shippers lose directly from the
percentage of IDK (insect damaged kernels)
– *US suffers an approximately $1 billion (5-10%) annual
loss for storage insects
*http://ars.usda.gov
Damage Discounts
• Insect Damaged Kernels
– 1 to 5, no discount
– 6 to 20, 1 cent each kernel
– 21 to 31, 2 cents each kernel
– 32 and above, rejected
Lesser grain borer
Stored Product IPM
Storage
• The objective of storage
– To maintain the quality of stored products after
harvest and before end use.
• The dilemma of storage
– Quality never improves with storage.
• Links
– http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu
– http://cropwatch.unl.edu
– http://lancaster.unl.edu/ag/crops/storage.shtml
An IPM Approach
• It has been accepted that an Integrated Pest
Management plan for stored product pests is
critical for an effective control program.
An IPM Approach
• Commonly accepted key components:
– Sanitation and Exclusion
– Loading
– Chemical Control
– Aeration
– Monitoring
Sanitation
• Begin with a clean secure storage
–
Clean out all old grain including all cracks, crevices, false
floors and walls. Don’t forget to empty any augers or
conveyors of old grain. Don’t mix old grain with new crop.
–
Repair any holes in roofs or walls, and patch all cracked and
broken concrete.
–
Clear weeds from 6’ around the outside of the storage. Clean
up all spilled grain.
–
Heat treat or use other means for any areas that can’t be
reached.
• Apply a protectant to all surfaces of the storage
–
Spray the inside and up to 6’ high around the outside with a
labeled product like Diacon® II and/or Tempo® according to
label directions.
Loading/Filling Bins
• Pre-Cleaning
– Remove fines, broken grain, and some insects.
• Apply chemical protection such as Diacon® IGR
• Leveling
– Spread the incoming grain so there is no peak in the
middle, this also spreads fines as the bin fills.
Airflow is improved if the fines aren’t concentrated
in the center of the grain mass.
Fines Accumulate in the
Middle of the Grain Mass
Air movement in
peaked vs. level grain mass
Aeration
• Effectively slows insect activity by lowering
temperatures.
• Moving air is getting more expensive. To lower air
temperature from harvest temperature to 60°F;
– USDA in 2000 estimated 1.6 to 2.4¢/bu.
– Montana estimate is 2.5¢/bu.
– Kentucky study estimates 7.8¢/bu.
• It is dependent on cooler outside air availability,
temperature of the stored crop, and cost of energy to
run fans.
• It can be used in combination with a protectant
chemical such as Diacon® IGR.
Monitoring
• Monitor grain for insects and other problems
throughout the storage period.
– Probes
• Temperature probes
• CO2 monitoring for insect and fungal activity
– Insect traps
• Watch for immigration or population build up
(How would you tell the difference?)
– Manually observe and take core samples on a regular
basis.
– Turn grain and take samples to be screened for
insect.
Summary
• Stored product insects damage valuable
commodities everyday at a cost of $425 - $850
million annually or 5-10% of wheat alone.
• An integrated pest management approach for
controlling stored product pests is a cost effective
approach to protecting grains and food
commodities.
• Diacon® IGR is an important component of any IPM
program to stop damage to your grain and keep you
profitable.
• Your Return On Investment (ROI) is at least 6:1
Chemical Control Products
Chemical Control Options
• Fumigants
– Aluminum/Magnesium Phosphide
– Short residual, restricted use chemicals, useful only
under qualified conditions.
• Protectants
– Malathion, OP-Pyrethroids (Storecide® II),
OP (Actellic®), Bio-pesticides (Bti)
– Some w/o Codex MRL, limited crop label.
• Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)
– Diacon® IGR
– Codex tolerance for cereal grain, use on all ag
commodities, long residual, good economics.
What’s Diacon® IGR?
- An Insect Growth Regulator (IGR)
• Synthetic copy of natural insect chemistry.
• Insect cannot distinguish between natural and
synthetic.
• Disrupts normal biochemical pathways, preventing
insects from progressing to adults.
What’s Diacon® IGR?
• Affects immature stages, but most prominently at
transition from pupa to adult.
• IGRs effectively break the life cycle of
reproduction, eliminating subsequent generations.
• (S)-Methoprene – the IGR of choice!
Diacon® IGR
• Unlike direct toxicants like Actellic®, Malathion,
Storcide® II, and Fumigants.
• An IGR prevents insects from maturing to adults,
therefore they can’t breed and the population dies
out.
Indian Meal Moth Population Build-up
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000
100,000,000
1,000,000
10,000
Adult Female
Eggs
Diacon Treated
22,500
45,000
100,000
3,375,000
6,750,000
10,000,000
100
150
300
1,000
1
10
1
Day 1
Day 60
Day 120
Day 180
Assumes one female lays 300 eggs that mature into 150 females in 60 days
under ideal conditions. From 1 Female to 1 Billion Eggs in 180 Days.
Wide Range of Activity
• Various formulations of (S)-Methoprene will control
the following pests:
– Stored product pests;
beetles, moths
– Horn flies
– Mushroom flies, fungus
gnats
– Fleas
– Ants
– Mosquitoes
– Midges
Current EPA Tolerances
• (S)-Methoprene and Freedom from Tolerance
– In June, 2003, the EPA announced that
(S)Methoprene was exempt from the requirement of a
tolerance in or on all food commodities when used to
control insect larvae.
Environmental Issues
• No environmental concerns
– Chemically, contains only carbon, hydrogen & oxygen
• (S)-Methoprene is registered for use in aquatic
environments for mosquitoes.
• Used as a cattle feed-through (Altosid® IGR)
• No bioaccumulation
• Short life in outdoors
• Insect specific
• Excellent toxicity profile
Comparative Acute Toxicities
Oral LD50 (mg/kg)
Phostoxin 11.5
Dichlorvos 56
Caffeine 355
Pyrethrins 1500
Salicylic acid 1600
Malathion 2200
Methoprene >34560
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
LD50 = The larger the value, the smaller the toxicity
Effect of Diacon® IGR at
Recommended Rate
• Affects immature stages, but most prominently
formation or development in pupal-to-adult
transition at the recommended rates.
Efficacy
• >90% inhibition of adult emergence for the
following species @ 1 – 5 ppm.
– Lesser Grain Borer
– Red Flour Beetle
– Saw Tooth Grain Beetle
– Confused Flour Beetle
– Indian Meal Moth
– Merchant Grain Beetle
• Residual activity up to and more than one year
depending on conditions and application rates.
Percent Inhibition
of Emergence
Insect Control with Diacon®-D IGR
14 Month Lab Trial
100
90
100 100 98 100
80
70
60
50
Monthly Average for 14
Month Period
Red Flour
Beetle
Saw Tooth
Grain Beetle
Indian Meal
Moth
Lesser Grain
Borer
Diacon®-D was used at 10lb/1000bu. Fresh adults of each species were added
monthly and inhibition was calculated every 60 days over the 14 month period.
Diacon® IGR Efficacy
Exit hole
Less effective on weevils
Codex Maximum Residue Limits
(MRL’s)
• GROUP 15 - CEREAL GRAINS
• Cereal grains are derived from the clusters of
starchy seeds produced by a variety of plants
primarily of the grass family (Gramineae). Husks
are removed before consumption.
• Cereal grains:
– Barley
- Rye
– Maize
- Sorghum
– Oats
- Sweet corn
– Rice
- Wheat
• The Codex MRL for methoprene on cereal grain is
10 mg ai/kg or 10 ppm.
Commonly Used Application Rates
Diacon® II IGR
(oz. per 1000 bushels)
•
Wheat
4.0 (1.3 ppm)
•
Field Corn
4.0
•
Sorghum
4.0
•
Barley
4.0 (1.6 ppm)
•
Oats
4.0
•
Peanuts
4.0
•
Rice
4.0
•
Popcorn
4.0
•
Sunflower
4.0 (2.6 ppm)
•
For other commodities, see label
Diacon® -D IGR
(oz. per 1000 bushels)
8 to 10 lbs
for all
Commodities
(1.04-1.3 ppm
on wheat)
See label for higher and lower rates that correspond with longer and shorter storage periods.
Diacon® II IGR
• Emulsifiable concentrate
• Contains 33.6 % (S)-Methoprene
– Insect Growth Regulator (IGR)
• Available in one liter plastic bottles and one gallon
tip ‘n measure bottles
• Four liters to a case
• Four gallons per case
• Also 2x2.5 gallon container
Diacon® II IGR Use Patterns
• On grain
• Bin or silo surface treatment
• Fogging/Aqueous spray
• Additional Use Areas
–
Food processing
- breweries
–
food service
- candy processing
–
food preparation
- pet food production
–
Mills
- grocery stores
–
Bakeries
- rail cars
–
Restaurants
- ships
–
Taverns
- trucks
–
industrial buildings
- bottling facilities
–
cereal processing
• In addition spray on, packaged, canned,
bottled foodstuff, boxes, liners, pallets.
Diacon® II IGR Application Tips
• Apply early in season, typically at harvest, as
commodity is being transported into bins.
• Fogging units (cold, thermal), back pack, or power
sprayer are acceptable equipment for applications.
• Can be tank mixed with adulticides.
• Treat empty storage facilities tank mixed with an
approved adulticide.
Aqueous Spray
• For surface area treatments.
• Use water as diluent.
• 1 ml in 1 gallon of diluent per 1,000 square feet of
surface area.
• Use diluted mixture within 72 hours.
• May be tank-mixed with a suitable adulticide.
Aerosol Generator
• Use cold foggers or thermal units.
• Dilute with water/oil.
• Follow instructions of equipment manufacturer.
• 1 ml (1/30 oz) in one gal. of diluent per 1,000
square feet surface.
• 3 ml (1/10 oz) in one gal. of diluent per 10,000
cubic feet space.
Diluents
• Water or oil; water recommended for peanuts.
• Up to five gallons of diluent per 1,000 bushels.
• Applied to grain stream.
• Can be applied with dust control oils.
Diacon®-D IGR
• Dry formulation
• 0.80 % (S)-Methoprene
• Rate of application
– 8 to 10 pounds per 1,000 bushels
• Package – 40 pound bag in a box
• General use “Caution” label
– Gloves and dust mask required as PPE
Diacon®-D IGR
• Can be used in all areas of the grain industry.
– Farm Storage
– Terminal and Country Elevators
– Grain Processors
– Feed Mills
– Flour Mills
• Designed for use on all grains, seeds, birdseed,
animal feeds, spices, peanuts and more!
• Residual protection will reduce need for fumigation
or turning bins.
Diacon®-D IGR
• Carrier
– Non–abrasive
– No effect on grain flow
– No negative effect on test weight
• Easy to apply through augers with the following
diameters:
– 8” -- 2,500-3,500 bu/hr 25-35 lb/hr Diacon®-D
– 10” -- 4,000-6,000 bu/hr 40-60 lb/hr Diacon®-D
– 12” -- 6,500-10,000 bu/hr 65-100 lb/hr Diacon®-D
Diacon® IGR
• For additional information relating to labeled uses,
application rates, application equipment, pricing,
etc., please contact your local distributor
representative or visit www.diacon2.com.
Any questions?
Thank You