Transcript Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Telecommunication
Networks
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
What is Telecom ?
Telecommunication is the assisted
transmission of signals over a distance for
the purpose of communication.
It is the technology of transferring information
over a distance.
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
Information
Information can be of several type:
1.
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2.
Audio – Telephone
Text - Telegraph , email, SMS
Pictures – Picture attachments
Video – Clipping over internet
Data – ATM to bank.
The same telecom technology/service cannot
communicate all the types of information.
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Thrust areas in Telecom
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Customer premises equipment.
Access
Network
Transmission
Switching
Computerization
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Communication – Fixed Lines
Subscriber
Line
(2W)
Inter-Exchange
Junction
Telephone Exchanges
Subscriber
Line
(2W)
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Communication - Mobile
Subscriber
Line
(2W)
Inter-Exchange
Junction
BSC BTS
Telephone
Exchange
Mobile Switching
Centre (MSC)
MS
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Sub Access Network
Drop wire
DP
CABINET
PILLARS
DP
DP
MDF
Primary
Secondary
DP
Distribution
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NETWORK DIAGRAM OF CDMA / WLL SYSTEM
2 Mbps
DIGITAL
2 Mbps LINK
DIGITAL
LINK
2 Mbps
DIGITAL
LINK
Telecom
Network
PSTN
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BTS
FWT
BSC
( V5.2 OR
R2/NO.7 )
FAX
..
MS
BTS
BSC : Base Station Controller
MSC : Mobile Switching Centre
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FWT : Fixed Wireless Terminal at subscriber premises.
MS : Mobile Station
Today
Separate Service Networks
IP Networks
PSTN/ISDN
PLMN
Services
Separate Access Transport & Switching Networks
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PSTN model Vs NGN model
• Dedicated Network per service
• Convergence technologies
• Large Invest
• Cost reduction
• Multiple technologies / Knowledge
• One Protocol, one Knowledge
Voice
Voice
Network
Data
IP
Network
Video
Video
Network
Storage
Storage
Network
voice
Data
Video
IP
Network (for Voice, Data & Video)
Storage
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
PSTN model Vs NGN model
• Dedicated Network per service
• Convergence technologies
• Large Invest
• Cost reduction
• Multiple technologies / Knowledge
• One Protocol, one Knowledge
Voice
Voice
Network
Data
IP
Network
Video
Video
Network
Storage
Storage
Network
voice
Data
Video
IP
Network (for Voice, Data & Video)
Storage
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
Transition to NGN: Third wave
Today
Tomorrow
Internet
Telephone
network
Mobile radio
network
One network for everything
IP-Network
Multimedia Access - Advantages
• easy to handle
• reliable
• mobile
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Outdoor Plant
Purpose of External Plant
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To provide connectivity between CPE &
Switch.
Advantages of copper over wireless.
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Dedicated channel for each customer
More bandwidth than wireless.
A TypicalRajiv
Public
Switched Telephone Network
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Signaling and Switching system
Local Loop
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Outdoor Plant Schematic Pictureork
MDF Exchange
Side
MDF Line Side
DP TAG No
PILLARS
E
X
C
H
A
N
G
E
DP
BOX
Pillar 125
EXCG
Equip No.
Drop-Pair
PILLARS
IN
Jumper
PILLARS
OUT
Jumper
MDF vertical-> Pillar In(hardwired), Pillar Out-> DP TAG No.(Hardwired)
CPE
C-DOT Switch
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Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
MDF (Main Distribution Frame)
PILLAR
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Pillar/Cabinet
DP (Distribution Point)
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
Customer Premises Equipment
Rosette
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Line Jack Unit (LJU)
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Types of Dialing
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Decadic or Pulse Dialing
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DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) or Tone
dialing.
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DTMF
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center
Comparison of two types of dialing
DTMF
Decadic
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The interruption rate or
the dialing rate is
generally 10 Hz.
Time taken for Decadic
dialing varies with the
digits dialed (for dialing
'0' maximum time is
required)
On an average, it is
possible to dial typically
0.8 digits/sec.
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Time taken to dial any
digit is constant and it is
possible to dial typically 7
digits/sec.. Thus, DTMF
is almost 10 times faster.
Electronic ringer
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Piezo electric transducer
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THE CLASSIFICATION OF
UNDERGROUND CABLES
Jelly Filled cable
Paper Core Cable.
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Jelly Filled Telephone
Cables
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Conductor: Solid plain anneated high
conductivity copper wire of nominal
diameter 0.32, 0.4, 0.50, 0.63, 0.90 mm
Insulation: Solid or Foam skin extruded
polyethylene insulation grade stabilized.
100 % vergin material and colored as
per requirement.
Pair: Two insulated conductors of
specified colors twisted together with
pre-determined lay to form a pair. The
cross talk is minimized.
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center