Transcript Energy use in water utilities-BoNJ-EEA v 2.1 - Eionet Projects
Green Week 2012
Water and energy, qualitative & quantitative linkages between two essential resources Session 3.1 on 22 May 2012
Energy use in water utilities
Bo N. Jacobsen European Environment Agency
Several links in the water – energy nexus
Image: ActewAGL Education Website
Focus: Energy efficiency (intensity) in water utilities
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Resource efficiency – policy - targets
New EEA report – launch at WWF6
-
EU resource –efficiency policy
Resource efficiency Sustainable water management -
Using markets
Economic instruments Water pricing & cost recovery -
Water-resource efficiency
Water use efficiency Energy use in water utilities Nutrient recovery -
Improved info on management
Indicators Water accounting Water footprint and LCA Labelling, certification, standards,.. 3
Resource efficiency – policy - targets
Resource and impact decoupling
Resource decoupling can be achieved by improved water/energy efficiency per GDP or population is relative - Impact decoupling requires reduction in water/energy use – is absolute Source: UNEP, 2011
Resource efficiency – policy - targets • •
Energy efficiency in water utilities
Currently no specific European regulations on energy efficiency in water utilities
EC Communications ”Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe” specifies milestones and activities for COM and Member States describes general directions, including water and energy efficiency link • ”European Innovation Partnership on Water” Establish a stakeholder platform and web-based Market Place for water innovations in 2013 ..”Innovative solutions focussing on the relationship between water and energy, water efficiency (domestic and industrial), water quality, water infrastructure, recreation, public health and ICT-enabled user awareness will be of key importance.”..
Opportunity for water utilities / associations, pro-actively, to formulate targets and corresponding commitments
Link
Resource efficiency – policy - targets
Global trends and policies on climate and emissions/energy
• • • •
Global Targets: 2 degree celsius Regional targets: EU 20-20-20 by year 2020
• A reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels • • 20% of EU energy consumption to come from renewable resources A 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels, to be achieved by improving energy efficiency
National Targets: e.g., Netherlands: 30-30-30
Utility targets?
•
WWF6 targets: 20% improvement in energy efficiency (1990 level - 2020)
Waste Water
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle
The urban water cycle – energy nexus
Waste water treatment
0.9 - 10 kWh/m3
Transport sewage water
0.16 k Wh/m3
Transport to waterworks
0.24 kWh/m3
Drinking water treatment
0.13 kWh/m3
Domestic Water use
> 50 kWh/m3
water Distribution
Data from Sweden Based on: (Olsson, 2012 in press)
Drinking
0.11 kWh/m3
Drinking Water
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle Example of energy efficiency indicator: Odyssee energy efficiency index (ODEX) (EU-27) Water heating in households 20% improvement in efficiency !
8 Source: (EEA, Ener22)
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle Systematic analyses for UWWTP energy efficiency in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
10-year experiences
• Energy consumption in 645 UWWTPs 1200 mio kWhe/y • 35 mio p.e. Served; 18 mio inhabitants – 34 kWh/p.e.(load)/y or – 67 kWh/p/y *) • Support with up to 70% of cost for energy analysis • Since 2012 also support to measures • Financed from effluent taxation revenue • Experience: about 30% energy saving possible most commonly by: – electricity and heat production from the digester gas, – utilizing the heat energy contained in the sewage – in some cases by the use of hydropower from the slope of the wastewater plants http://www.umwelt.nrw.de/umwelt/pdf/karte_komm_klaeranlagen.pdf
*) calculated by this author
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle
The influence of UWWTP size
Total electricity consumption in about 10,000 UWWTPs in Germany is 4400 GWh/y 10 http://www.bmu.de/files/english/pdf/application/pdf/faltblatt_wasserwirtschaft_en_bf.pdf
Corresponds well with mean of 33 kWh/p.e. (European benchmarking Co-operation, 2010)
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle
Total end-use electricity consumption per capita in 2008
(kWh/y/person) In perspective: - Total consumption ca.
5500
kWh e /y/p From earlier slide for
urban wastewater treatment: 67
kWh e /y/p In other words ca.
1.2 %
of total electricity consumption Ca.
7 W/p
(small light bulb continously burning) Net consumption lower where energy recovery takes place 11 Source: ( ENER18 )
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle Inventory from UK indicate GHG emission related to water: - Utilities: 0.8 %
- In homes: 5.5 %
(Defra, 2008; EA, 2008) (Defra, 2008; EA, 2008)
Average ca. 10 t CO2-eq./y/p
12 Source: (EEA,2011) link
Energy intensity in the urban water cycle
Cooling from surface water Thermal energy from groundwater Waternet, Amsterdam (The Netherlands): Urban Water Cycle – Energy efficiency and recovery
• Consumption > drinking water 45.000 MWh/yr (49 %) > wastewater 39.000 MWh/yr (42 %) > watersystem 8.000 MWh/yr ( 9 %)
Co-locating: Waste Water – Solid Waste Incinerator
• Production biogas/sludge 25.000 MWh/yr Source: Waternet 2011 Waste Water Plant Sludge and Biogas Heat and Electricity Waste Inceneration Plant
Link Dissemination
Numerous technological solutions exist
- communicated via water associations - incentives for further implementation needed
Some IWA events on Water & Energy
- 2008: Workshop during World Water Congress, Vienna - 2009: Int. Conference on W & E, Copenhagen - 2010: Int. Conference on W & E, Amsterdam - 2012: World Congress on W, C & E, Dublin -
New books on Water & Energy
-- Interactions in Water Reuse (Lazarova, Choo, and Cornel, 2012) - Threats and Opportunities (Olsson, 2012 in press) Link
Numerous Tech.sci. Papers
- Instrumentation, control, automation, process optimisation,..
- Anaerobic treatment processes, co-digestion,..
- Heat exchange, .... Link
15 Looking forward
Some open questions for establishing water utility energy efficiency indicator(s):
Willingness to share data from water utilities
… from plants, city administrations, associations ?
Level of aggregation
… national, river basin district, per plant?
Boundary framing
Total energy balance /only electricity ? Total UWWTP (incl./excl. Incinerations, industrial pre-treatment, storm water,..
Normalisation
Per person, per p.e., per m 3
Looking forward
Existing data infrastructure in EU 27 can be used:
WISE has database and interactive maps for > 20,000 UWWTPs 16 Link
17 Looking forward
Summary and way forward
Water
and
energy
sectors can have
several synergies
in the climate change context • • • • • Power consumption by European water utilities is ”only” few % of use in society
but has reduction potentials
Like the rest of society, utilities need to reduce carbon footprints Population growth and higher quality standards makes this more difficult Technological solutions do exist - several good use case demonstrations wastewater sector has a potential to become CO2-neutral Fiscal incentives may accelerate implementation of sustainable technologies • • •
Targets
for water utilities should be set for
energy efficiency
WWF6 targets: 20% improved energy efficiency (1990-2020) – not enough for EU 20/20/20 targets (absolute reduction) Indicators are needed to provide status and to monitor progress Existing data infrastructures (WISE, Eye-on-Earth,..) may be helpful • •
Multi-stakeholder
involvement needed Political level: policies, targets, support mechanisms Technical operating level: new technology implementation & optimisation • User level: awareness and demand management
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Thank you for your attention
!