Transcript ppt

COMP7790
Web 2.0 & 3.0
Dickson K.W. Chiu
PhD, SMIEEE
Original by: Freek Bijl
1
Overview

It takes 10 years for Web 2.0 to reshape the
Web



Might be the same for Web 3.0
Web 3.0 still not mature
Both are evolving technology frameworks
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-2
Where are we now?
www.digitalrhetoric.org/course/web1to3.jpg
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-3
Web 1.0 - info-centric

When the web was in its early days, we didn’t know
exactly what to show on a computer screen





Web 1.0 was all about our search for online viability
Characterized by info-centric



A company card?
A button?
A shop?
separate static websites
one-way broadcasting.
Widely used between 1998 and 2001, and it is still
used beside Web 2.0 in almost all web sites.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-4
Web 2.0 - people-centric





When we got a grip on the technical part, the
real possibilities of the web became more
clear.
We discovered the power of networks.
Web 2.0 has no single definition but can be
explained through a series of Internet trends,
one being the empowerment of the user.
However, to meet the requirements of the
general public, it should be people-centric
Web treated as a platform
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-5
The power of links
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-6
The power of collaboration
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-7
The power of content and reach
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-8
The power of friends
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-9
Key Web 2.0 Features

Rich Internet Application (RIA)




Social Networking - Anyone can participate in
the content creation
User-generated content, collaboration, &
community


graphical point of view or usability point of view
e.g., AJAX and Flash
Content isn’t fixed publication—it changes daily
Service orientation & Mashups (see next
slide)

More companies enter the emerging SaaS
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-10
Web 2.0 Mashups





Development and utilization of Web services
Most sites you visit have web services running in the
background
These services allow you to integrate data between sites
through API’s such as you see on Flickr and Amazon
A web application combines data from more than one
source into a single integrated tool.
Example is the use of cartographic data from Google
Maps to add location information to restaurant data
(Openrice.com), thereby creating a new and distinct web
service that was not originally provided by either source
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-11
Web 2.0 Example Sites








Social networking sites: Facebook, MySpace, Hi5, …
etc.
Tagging or Labeling Content: Del.icio.us.
Wikis: Wikipedia.
Community-generated content: eBay.
Open Services: Google.
P2P: Bit Torrent.
New Web technologies: XML, RSS, Ajax.
Open Source Software: Sourceforge
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-12
Academia & Business Coined 2.0s
hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tree.jpg
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-13
Web 2.0 Company Characteristics

Harnessing the collective intelligence and
taking advantage of network effects

Google: the link structure of the web

Amazon: our reviews of their products

Ebay: our willingness to engage in commerce


Flikr and de.li.cious: our ability to classify
artifacts
Wikipedia: our desire to exchange knowledge
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-14
Web 2.0 –
Inevitable Trough of disillusionment
hinchcliffe.org/img/web2tough.jpg
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-15
Web 2.0 vs 3.0




Web 2.0 is all about the power of networks
Basically, web 2.0 is a social change. The
technical part of the web hasn’t changed very
much.
But, web 3.0 will be driven by technological
changes
Web 3.0 - the semantic web - is about the
meaning of information.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-16
Web 3.0

Web 3.0 – By Spalding 2007




highly specialized information silos, moderated by
personality, validated by community and inclusion of meta
data through widgets
The evolutionary stage of Web 2.0
Lack of standards and unified framework
Share some attributes with Web 2.0




Transformation
Ubiquitous computing
Openness
Intelligence
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-17
Pillars of Web 3.0

Tagging





Adding meta data to index and describe resource
Web 3.0 allows not only text search, but also images, audio
and video
Sub-search engine pull feeds automatically for you
High level of personalized vocabularies and structure
Microformats



Define semantic vocabularies by user
Variety of options: RDF, XML, XFN
Bridge the gap between understandings by human and
machine
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-18
Web 3.0 evolution paths



Different meanings are intended to describe
the evolution of Web usage
Emphasize a machine-facilitated
understanding of information on the Web.
Interaction between the many possible
evolutionary paths:





Semantic Web (main starting point)
Video Web
Web 3D
Ubiquitous and Pervasive Web
Expansion of SaaS
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-19
Web 3.0 - Semantic Web

Refer to our earlier lectures
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-20
Web 3.0 – Video Web
Spatial Media Fragments

Video Content
Reed Hasting, the founder and CEO of Netflix, described Web 3.0 as
being the full-video Web that will be made possible by the increasing
growth in bandwidth available to customers that will allow transmission
of full movies over the Web.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-21
Web 3.0 – 3D Web

Thousands of users worldwide linger in




3D-worlds like Second Life or
3D-Games such as Entropiauniverse and Active
worlds.
Philip Rosedale, founder of Second Life,
believes that one day 1500 million people will
have a second existence.
The adding of the third dimension will shift
the internet into a hyper-realistic parallel
world .
http://www.internet3d.org
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-22
Web 3.0 –
Ubiquitous / Pervasive Web


“Our Vision of Web 3.0 is to link
data and devices in new ways to
achieve new insights, greater
efficiencies, economic benefits
and improved quality of life”
Steve Bratt.
“The Web 3.0 will see applications
that are pieced together, fast,
customizable, run on any device,
and most importantly, disseminate
virally–through social networks”
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-23
Web 3.0 – SaaS and Clouds




10 years coming – client-server to SaaS
User contributed code /omni-functions
Multi-tenant Internet super applications
Super apps utilized by enterprises



Building massively scalable data centers that are
secure, reliable, and highly available is very
complex and expensive.
Traditional client-server software development is
still a painful and complex process
Deployment of applications is still difficult and the
cost of maintenance is expensive
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-24
Advantage of Cloud Computing
•
•
•
•
No need to purchase application servers and
a small army to fine tune and maintain them
Software developers won’t have to build a
security and sharing model. The cloud
provides these items
Ease of deployment, and depth of
functionality
More time given to functionality and meeting
client needs
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-25
Web History and Future
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-26
Stamp Example - Background




Suppose, I am a stamp collector...
Over the years I’ve collected a lot of stamps.
About every stamp, I made a document
That’s a lot of documents
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-27
Stamp Example - Search




How can I find a specific stamp?
Google?
This is the web we have today: a huge
collection of documents
The words of all those documents are
indexed. We can search for keywords.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-28
Stamp Example – Google Search


Now, suppose I Google for all red stamps
Not very intelligent…
Red stamps
Stamps from Cambodia (Khmer
Rouge)
Stamps from the Red Sea
Stamps from the 140th anniversary
of the Red Cross
Stamps with red dragons
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-29
Stamp Example – Structural Meaning




Not very intelligent, but how can a computer
know what I mean?
When we structurally describe that
a stamp is a stamp and red is a color.
Describing data in a structured way can best
be done in a database.
Different databases can be connected.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-30
Stamp Example – All about a Stamp
In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent
This is a stamp
Now it’s worth 3 euros
This stamp is from the United Kingdom
This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981
The picture on the stamp is a PO Box
This stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-31
Stamp Example –
Databases Integration




A
A
A
A
database
database
database
database
with
with
with
with
stamps
countries
colours
stamp traders
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-32
Stamp Example –
Web 3.0 as Databases Integration




One view of Web 3.0 is the web being a big
collection of databases which can be
connected on demand.
Agreements are made on the structure of
data and the way data is described. Where
the data is located is irrelevant.
Linking data is the power of web 3.0.
So, “I want all the red stamps, designed in
Europe, but used in the U.S.A., between 1980
and 1990” is a question that will get a better
answer with web 3.0
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-33
A broader view of Web 3.0





The previous view of Web 3.0 is a ‘narrow’
one. Like Web 2.0, Web 3.0 stands for a
range of developments. E.g.:
A fast broadband connection to the Internet,
always and everywhere.
Open source techniques and free data (Data
as a Service)
Open identities
Software as a Service (e.g., Google docs)
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-34
Why do we want to add meaning to
data ?


When a computer understands what data
means, it can do intelligent search, reasoning
and combining.
This makes our life easier.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-35
Some Technologies of Web 3.0











RDF
XML
URI
SPARQL
XDI
XRI
SWRL
XFN
OWL
API
OAUTH
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-36
XML





Meaning is about understanding.
To understand we need a language.
A language starts with words.
Things mean something in words.
Online, we describe things with XML.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-37
XML - Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<collection name=”My stamp collection">
<stamp>
<title>Red dragon</title>
<country>China</country>
<year>1984</year>
</stamp>
<stamp>
<title>PO Box</title>
<country>England</country>
<year>1992</year>
</stamp>
</collection>
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-38
RDF and RDF Schema

Resource Description Framework (RDF)



RDF Schema is a vocabulary description language




We can’t understand words alone
RDF is a data model for objects and relations between them
In addition, online grammar is required
Describes classes and properties of RDF resources
Provides semantics for generalization hierarchies of
properties and classes
With RDF Schema we can define concepts and make
simple relations between them.
Dickson Chiu 2011
Semantic Web-39
RDF Example
This stamp is from England
Predicate
object
subject
hence from Europe.
Dickson Chiu 2011
Semantic Web-40
RDF Schema Example
Stamp
Country
from
in
Continent
Dickson Chiu 2011
Semantic Web-41
OWL


But, RDF schema is limited.
A language needs more expression and logic to make
good reasoning possible.
 relations between classes


e.g., disjointness
cardinality

e.g. “exactly one”
richer typing of properties
That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was
invented.
characteristics of properties (e.g., symmetry)
BOTH OWL and RDF are standards of
www.w3.org




Ontology
Dickson Chiu - update 2011
Metadata - 42
SWRL


Finally, to reason you need rules.
Rules are formulated in SWRL (Semantic Web
Rule Language)
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-43
SWRL Example


I
I got this stamp
from my uncle.
The rule for calling
someone my uncle
is that one of my
parents has a
brother.
son of
<ruleml:imp>
<ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#example1"/>
<ruleml:_body>
<swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasParent">
<ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var>
<ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var>
</swrlx:individualPropertyAtom>
<swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasBrother">
<ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var>
<ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var>
</swrlx:individualPropertyAtom>
</ruleml:_body>
<ruleml:_head>
<swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasUncle">
<ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var>
<ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var>
</swrlx:individualPropertyAtom>
</ruleml:_head>
</ruleml:imp>
mother or father
Dickson Chiu 2011
brother
COMP7790 Web-44
SPARQL



Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp.
“I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but
used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990”
We can use SPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query
Language).
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-45
URI




Because the web is decentralized and data is in many
places, not only language is important.
Exchange of data between different machines is key.
To make a connection a machine needs a source. For
this, we use resource identifiers.
Best known resource identifier is the URI

which consists of a name (urn) and a location (url)
URI
URN
Red PO Box
URL
http://www.mystampcollection.com/redpobox
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-46
XRI & XDI




URIs have international limitations and the
need for data-exchange between machines is
rapidly growing.
There is a successor: XRI (Extensible
Resource Identifier)
There is a standard for sharing, linking and
synchronizing data.
This standard is called XDI (XRI Data
Interchange).
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-47
OAuth API




However, data is often protected.
We need consent and a key to gain access.
The key to certain data is described in an API
(an application programming interface).
An open standard for accessing
(authentication) the API is OAuth.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-48
Web 3.0 Expectations



A clever and on-demand friend who is able to
lead, advice, negotiate and support the user
honestly.
Could be embedded in the smart devices,
enabling the user to use his home, car or
mobile remotely, safely and correctly.
Affect our daily life and blur our real life with
a virtual web site applications and services as
Ubiquitous Web.
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-49
Example Web 3.0

Freebase
•

Amazon (“If you liked this, you will like this!”
•

http://www.freebase.com
http://www.amazon.com
Netvibes (pull your Web 2.0 apps together!)
•
http://www.netvibes.com
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-50
Possible Impact on E-business


Shift from traditional information broadcast
medium to service channels
Satisfy needs of customers:






Autonomy
Independence
Relatedness
Feedback
Entertainment
Examples: IBM, BMW create virtual communities for
customers
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-51
Summary





Web 3.0 shifts the Web from informational medium
into service oriented, community based, intelligent
medium
Semantics help integrate anything (people,
computers, and systems), anywhere, anytime
Web 3.0 takes years to be fully-fledged
Forces E-business to restructure their business
process
Web 3.0 applications help to retain customers and
gain competitive advantages
Dickson Chiu 2011
COMP7790 Web-52