Transcript Localization in Underwater Sensor Networks

788.11J presentation
“Localization in Underwater Sensor
Networks”
Presented by:
Ola Ibrahim EL naggar
introduction
Deployment of low cost wireless sensors is
proving to be a promising technique for
several applications.
Challenge in large scale wireless networks:
1- the limited processing capability
2- power constraints on each sensor.
1. Underwater application
Underwater Environmental Observation
For Scientific Exploration
Oil Drilling
Commercial Exploitation
Coastline Protection
Military Applications
1.1 Oil Drilling
to 1- vessels are generally huge and are anchored
the seabed with multiple anchors.
2- smart sensors can monitor environmental and
system parameter can be deployed on the
seabed.
3- work with Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV).
4- controlled from
- ship
-Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)
1.1 Oil Drilling
5- The sensors, anchors and ROVs/AUVs collect
information from the seabed and feed the data to
the vessel.
6- sensors and anchor can measure parameters like
foundation strength and mooring tensions, and
ideally provide accurate position references to the
AUVs.
7- They survey the deep sea environment e
“The location of the sensors, anchors and the AUVs
need”.
1.1 Oil Drilling
1.2 Challenges
location of the sensors
This problem is especially challenging for deep
water applications.
Localization underwater is challenging as Radio Frequency (RF)
waves are heavily attenuated under water and hence,
employing technology like GPS is not feasible.
2. UWSNs Localization Schemes
Range-based
Schemes
Range-free
Schemes
Infrastructurebased
Hop-countbased
Distributed
Positioning
Centroid
With Mobile
Beacons
Area
Localization
Without
Anchors
Approximate
Point In
Triangle
Signal Processing
Schemes
2.1 Range-based Schemes
Estimate distance to other nodes.
Time of Arrival (ToA)
Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA)
Angle of Arrival (AoA)
Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI).
2.1.1 Infrastructure-based schemes
Anchor Nodes on Seabed
Pre-determined Locations
Surface Buoys as Anchor Nodes
GPS-equipped
Distance Estimation
ToA
2.1.2 Distributed Positioning Schemes
Limited Communication
Only With One-hop Neighbor
Three Phases
1-Distance Estimation Phase
2-Position Estimation Phase
System of Linear Equations
3-Refinement Phase
2.1.3 Schemes that use Mobile
Beacons/Anchors
No Fixed Anchors
Mobile Anchors
Traverse The Network
Send Beacon Packets
Location Coordinates of Anchor
Node Localization
RSSI
2.1.4 Schemes without
Anchor/Reference Points
No Anchors
Central Server
Model: Series of Equations
Sophisticated Optimization Techniques
2.2 Range-free Schemes
1-Do not use range or bearing information:
-No ToA, TDoA, or AoA
2-Coarse Location Estimation
2.2.1 Hopcount based Schemes
Distance Vector Exchange
Exchange updates with neighbors.
Anchor estimates average one-hop distance.
Performs Well:
Uniform and Dense Node Distribution.
2.2.2 Centroid Scheme
Dense Rectangular Mesh of Anchors
Anchor Locations in Beacon Signals
Location is anchor nodes centroid.
Hard to Implement Underwater
2.2.3 Area-based Localization
Has two examples:
2.2.3.1 Area Localization Scheme (ALS)
2.2.3.2 Approximate Point In Triangle (APIT)
2.2.3.1 Area Localization Scheme (ALS)
2.2.3.2 Approximate Point In Triangle
(APIT)
Point-In-Triangle Test
Only In Air.
Approximate Point-In-Triangle Test
Use RSSI from three anchors.
Try all combinations.
Central Server
2.3 Signal Processing/Probabilistic
Schemes
Relies on signal characteristics.
Not Signal Timing
Not Signal Strength
Signature Database
Hard to Generate
Schemes Comparison
Thank you