Transcript National Airspace System

National Airspace System
CFI Student : David Chang
Airspace System
General Definition
 There are four types of airspace…(AIM 3)
– Controlled airspace.
 Class A, B, C, D, E airspace.
– Uncontrolled airspace.
 Class G airspace.
– Special use airspace.
 Prohibited, restricted, warning, military operations,
alert and controlled firing areas.
– Other airspace.
 Airport advisory area, military training routes,
temporary flight restrictions, national security areas,
terminal radar service area.
VFR Cruising Altitude
 VFR : FAR 91.159
Class A Airspace
Range
FL180~FL600
VFR minimum visibility
None
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
None
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Instrument rating
VFR entry and equipment IFR flight plan and IFR clearance
requirements
Speed limit
None
Class B Airspace
Range
Top to 10000MSL
VFR minimum visibility
3 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
Clear of cloud
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Private pilot or student pilot with
endorsement
VFR entry and equipment Transponder Mode C, ATC clearance
requirements
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (c)
Class C Airspace
Range
Top to 4000 AGL
VFR minimum visibility
3 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
500ft below, 1000ft above, 2000
horizontal
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Student
VFR entry and equipment Transponder Mode C
requirements
Establish two way radio communication
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (b)
Class D Airspace
Range
Top to 2500 AGL
VFR minimum visibility
3 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
500ft below, 1000ft above, 2000
horizontal
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Student pilot
VFR entry and equipment Establish two way radio communication
requirements
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (b)
Class E Airspace
Range
Top to 17999 MSL
Above FL600
VFR minimum visibility
Below 10000ft MSL : 3 s.m.
At or above 10000ft MSL : 5 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
Below 10000ft MSL : 500ft below,
1000ft above, 2000 horizontal
At or above 10000ft MSL : 1000ft below,
1000ft above, 1 s.m. horizontal
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Student pilot
VFR entry and equipment Transponder Mode C above 1000ft
requirements
MSL
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (a)
Class G Airspace
Range
1200ft AGL or less
VFR minimum visibility
Day : 1 s.m.
Night : 3 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
Day : Clear of clouds
Night : 500ft below, 1000ft above, 2000
horizontal
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Student pilot
VFR entry and equipment None
requirements
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (a)
Class G Airspace
Range
1200ft AGL ~ 1000ft MSL (below)
VFR minimum visibility
Day : 1 s.m.
Night : 3 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
500ft below, 1000ft above, 2000
horizontal
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Student pilot
VFR entry and equipment None
requirements
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (a)
Class G Airspace
Range
At or above 10000ft MSL
VFR minimum visibility
5 s.m.
VFR minimum distance
from cloud
1000ft below, 1000ft above, 1 s.m.
horizontal
Minimum pilot
qualifications
Student pilot
VFR entry and equipment Transponder Mode C 2500ft AGL
requirements
Speed limit
FAR 91.117 (a)
Special VFR
 FAR 91.155, 91.157
 When to use it ?
– When operating within class B, C, D, or E airspace,
ground visibility is less than 3 s.m. and ceiling is less
than 1000ft AGL.
 What’s the limit ?
– At least 1 s.m. ground visibility and remain clear of
clouds.
 How to use it?
– Get clearance from ATC.
– No special VFR in night time for private pilot. Unless the
pilot is current instrument rating and the airplane is
properly equipped.
Special Use Airspace
 Prohibited Areas
 Restricted Area
 Warning Area
 Military Operations Area
 Alert Area
Other Airspace
 National security area
 Airport advisory area
 Temporary flight restriction
 Military training routes
 Flight limitations and restrictions
 Parachute jump aircraft area
 Terminal radar service area
 VFR fly ways and VFR transition routes
 ADIZ zone