Transcript States of Matter

Section 3.1
States of Matter
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Why do materials behave the way
they do?
Kinetic Theory of Matter
• A theory that all matter is made up of tiny
particles (atoms or molecules, depending
on the substance) that are in CONSTANT
MOTION
• As temperature increases, the particles
move faster
• At the same temperature, heavier particles
move more slowly than lighter particles
Kinetic Theory of Matter
• The motion of the individual particles (i.e.
energy) and the forces of attraction
between them determines the state of
matter
States of Matter
•
•
•
•
•
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Bose Einstein
Condensate (BEC)
Behavior of Gases
• Particles of a gas
are in constant,
random motion at
very high speeds
• Gases have more
energy than liquids
or solids of the
same material
Behavior of Gases
• The motion of one particle is not affected
by the other particles
• The attraction between individual particles
is so small that it can be ignored
• The constant motion at high speeds allows
the gas to fill its container, even if another
gas is in the space
Behavior of Liquids
• Particles of a liquid
move more slowly
than gases and are
more closely
packed
• Liquids have less
energy than gases,
but more than
solids
Behavior of Liquids
• Attractive forces between the particles is
strong enough to affect the motion of other
particles, to a certain degree
• Particles can still move, but not as quickly
as gases
• Mixing occurs more slowly
Behavior of Liquids
• No Definite Shape
– Forces of attraction are not strong enough to
hold particles in one place, so they are free to
move past one another and fill the shape of
their container
• Definite Volume
– The attractive forces are strong enough to
keep individual particles close, preventing
them from breaking away from the group
Behavior of Solids
• Particles of a solid
will vibrate in
place, but will not
move away from a
fixed location
• Solids have the
least amount of
energy of all states
of matter
Behavior of Solids
• The particles of a solid are attracted to
each other very strongly
– They move much less than liquids or gases
• This results in a definite shape and definite
volume