Transcript 10 UDD toilet examples in India (from SEECON)

Capacity Building for Ecological Sanitation in India
Lic. Phil. Michael Kropac, seecon international (Switzerland)
& Ecosan Services Foundation, Pune
The Problem: No Sanitation…
 650 Mio. Indians do not have access to adequate
sanitation at all
The Problem: Pit Latrines, Soak Pits…
On-site wastewater disposal systems: groundwater contamination
possible (infiltration of wastewater)
Source: (4)
The Problem: Conventional Waterborne Sanitation…
…are “flush and forget” sanitation solutions, where human
wastes are flushed away with huge amounts of scarce
freshwater, polluting rivers and the drinking water of people
living further downstream.
Limitations of Conventional Sanitation
• Unsatisfactory purification or
uncontrolled discharge of more
than 90 % of wastewater worldwide
• Severe water pollution,
unbearable health risks
• Consumption of precious water
for transport of waste
• High investment, energy, operating
and maintenance costs
• Frequent neglect of poorer
settlements
• Loss of valuable nutrients for
agriculture
• Linear end-of-pipe technology
Source: GTZ (9)
Agricultural
Ecologicalreuse
Sanitation
as a sustainable alternative
Ecological Sanitation (ecosan) systems aim to:
Reduce the health risk related to sanitation, contaminated water and waste
Improve the quality of surface and groundwater
Improve soil fertility
Optimise the management of nutrients and water resources
FOOD
FOOD
closing the loop
between sanitation
and agriculture
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
Pathogen
destruction
Advantages of ecosan systems: turning waste into resources
Separation of flow streams:
substances
treatment
utilisation
urine
(yellowwater)
hygienisation by
storage or
drying
liquid or dry
fertiliser
faeces
(brownwater)
anaerobic digestion,
drying, composting,
mixing with organic
solid waste
biogas,
soil
improvement
Greywater
(showers, washing,
etc.)
rainwater
constructed
wetlands, gardening,
wastewater ponds, biol.
treatment, membranetechnology
filtration,
biol. treatment
irrigation,
groundwater
recharge or
direct reuse
water supply,
groundwater
recharge
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Urine Diverting Dehydration Toilet, Navsarjan Primary
School, Gujarat
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
There are three holes: One
for the faeces, one for
urine and one for washing
water. The faeces hole and
the urine hole are covered
to prevent flies from
entering.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
An improved Ecosan three hole Indian squatting platform
made out of ceramic can now purchased at Shital Ceramics,
Ahmedabad (Gujarat).
Anal washing water
Faeces
Urine
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Sawdust, or even better
ash is used and put into
the excreta hole after
defecation to dry the
faecal matter.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Sawdust, or even better
ash is used and put into
the excreta hole after
defecation to dry the
faecal matter.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
There are no water taps to
reduce water consumption,
as the school does not
have piped water. All water
has to be brought in by
tanker, which is very costly.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
One toilet is in use, while
the other is used for taking
baths. The holes are
covered so water does not
percolate to the faecal
matter.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Like that, the faecal matter
has
time
to
dry
completely. During this
process, most pathogens
die. The faecal matter
should be left untouched
for at least 6 months.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
After six months, the dried product can be used as a soil conditioner.
Certain precautionary measures have to be taken during the
application though.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
The urine from the toilets
(urine hole) and the men’s
urinals is collected and
stored for hygienisation.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Greywater from the bathrooms, washbasins and laundry place are
collected, filtered through a vertical flow filter and collected in a tank.
Vertical Flow Filter
School Garden
Collection Tank
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Only greywater is used to water the garden as freshwater is too
expensive. Urine is added to the greywater as a fertiliser to
enhance plant growth.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Through proper training,
the students have
become Ecosan experts
and constructed a model
of their toilet.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
With this model, showing the
exact stream flows of their
toilet, the students even won
the first prize in the Ahmedabad
School Science Fair.
Ecosan Examples: Raika Primary School, Gujarat
Urine Diversion Dehydration Toilets (UDD) systems as shown in this
example are just one of many possible Ecosan technologies ranging
from low cost sanitation solutions to high tech Ecosan systems using
vacuum sewerage and membrane filter technology.
Ecosan Examples: ACTS Public Eco-Toilet, Bangalore
Public Toilet in Slum Area, Urine Diverting
Toilets + Treatment Off-site
Ecosan Examples: ACTS Public Eco-Toilet, Bangalore
Public Toilet in Slum Area, Urine Diverting
Toilets + Treatment Off-site
Ecosan Examples: ACTS Public Eco-Toilet, Bangalore
Closing the loop:
transport of urine
& brownwater
using a vacuum
suction truck
greywater to
municipal sewer
eco-friendly public toilet
baskets from
banana leaves
local women
urine storage
banana plantation
biogas for cooking
biogas plant
compost
sludge drying
Ecosan High-Tech Solutions: Flintenbreite, Germany
Vacuum sewerage, anaerobic biogas
system, constructed wetland for greywater
Ecosan Training Course at NRTC, Nashik
Registration and further information at:
www.ecosanservices.org
Ecosan Services Foundation, “Vishwa Chandra”, 1002/42 Rajenda Nagar
Pune – 411030, Maharashtra, INDIA
Tel/Fax: 0091 (0)20 64 000 736,
Mobile: 0091(0)98 230 111 06 or 0091(0)98 925 756 88
Email: [email protected]