Chapter 5 Respiratory System

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Transcript Chapter 5 Respiratory System

Chapter 5

Respiratory System

Chapter 5

Lesson 5.1

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Objectives

 Identify organs and structures of the respiratory system.

 Define and spell the word parts related to the respiratory system.

 Define, pronounce and spell disease and disorder terms related to the respiratory system.

 Define, pronounce and spell surgical terms related to the respiratory system.

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Respiratory System Function

 Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells.

 The process is called respiration.

 External respiration (breathing): Oxygen passes from lungs to blood (capillaries) and carbon dioxide passes from capillaries back into lungs to be expelled.

 Internal respiration: The body cells take on oxygen from the blood and give back carbon dioxide, which is transported back to the lungs.

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Organs of the Respiratory System

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Organs of the Respiratory System



nose:

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air 

pharynx (throat):

passageway serves as a food and air 

adenoid:

lymphoid tissue located behind the nasal cavity 

tonsils:

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Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d.)



larynx (voice box):

cords location of the vocal 

epiglottis:

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing and keeps food from entering the larynx 

trachea:

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Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d.)



bronchus:

one of two branches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree).



bronchioles:

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree 

alveoli:

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Organs of the Respiratory System (cont’d.)



lungs:

2 sponge-like organs in the thoracic cavity (right lung has 3 lobes; left lung has 2 lobes) 

pleura:

serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity 

diaphragm:

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; aids in breathing 

mediastinum:

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Combining Forms for the Respiratory System

            adenoid/o alveol/o bronchi/o, bronch/o diaphragmat/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o nas/o, rhin/o pharyng/o pleur/o pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o pulmon/o Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d.)

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Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms

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Prefixes

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Suffixes

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Suffixes (cont’d.)

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Clicker Question

Which of the following is the combining form that means chest?

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

        adenoiditis atelectasis bronchiectasis bronchitis bronchogenic carcinoma bronchopneumonia diaphragmatocele epiglottitis  hemothorax  laryngitis  laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)  lobar pneumonia  nasopharyngitis  pansinusitis  pharyngitis  pleuritis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)

       pneumatocele pneumoconiosis pneumonia pneumonitis pneumothorax pulmonary neoplasm pyothorax  rhinitis  rhinomycosis  rhinorrhagia  thoracalgia  tonsillitis  tracheitis  tracheostenosis Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Atelectasis Showing Collapsed Alveoli

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts

           adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) coccidioidomycosis cor pulmonale croup cystic fibrosis (CF) deviated septum emphysema epistaxis influenza (flu) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

        Legionnaire disease obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pertussis pleural effusion pulmonary edema pulmonary embolism (PE) tuberculosis (TB) upper respiratory infection (URI) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Clicker Question

Which of the following correctly labels the diagram?

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

           adenoidectomy adenotome bronchoplasty laryngectomy laryngoplasty laryngostomy laryngotracheotomy lobectomy pleuropexy pneumobronchotomy pneumonectomy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

          rhinoplasty septoplasty septotomy sinusotomy thoracocentesis thoracotomy tonsillectomy tracheoplasty tracheostomy tracheotomy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Clicker Question

Which of the following correctly labels the diagram?

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Chapter 5

Lesson 5.2

Objectives

 Define, pronounce and spell diagnostic terms related to the respiratory system  Define, pronounce and spell complementary terms related to the respiratory system.

 Interpret the meaning of abbreviations related to the respiratory system.

 Interpret, read and comprehend medical language in simulated medical statements and documents.

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Types of Diagnostic Imaging Procedures

    

radiography:

radiographic images of internal organs using ionizing radiation

nuclear medicine:

scans using radioactive material to determine the functional capacity of an organ

ultrasound:

sonograms, or echograms, using high frequency sound waves to create an image of body organs

computed tomography (CT scans):

computerized images of body organs in slices, horizontally

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans):

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Other Types of Diagnostic Procedures

  

endoscopy:

endoscopes, which are lighted, flexible instruments, are used for visual examination of a hollow organ or body cavity

laboratory:

diagnostic procedures performed on specimens such as blood, tissue, sputum, and urine

pulmonary function tests:

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

       bronchoscope bronchoscopy capnometer endoscope endoscopic endoscopy laryngoscope  laryngoscopy  oximeter  polysomnography (PSG)  spirometer  spirometry  thoracoscope  thoracoscopy Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Pulse Oximetry

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Spirometer

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Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts

   

Diagnostic imaging

   chest CT (computed tomography) scan chest radiograph ventilation-perfusion scanning

Laboratory

 acid-bacilli (AFB) smear

Pulmonary function

   arterial blood gases (ABGs) pulmonary function tests (PFTs) pulse oximetry

Other

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Clicker Question

Which of the following is a diagnostic imaging term?

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

          acapnia anoxia aphonia apnea bronchoalveolar bronchospasm diaphragmatic dysphonia dyspnea endotracheal  eupnea  hypercapnia  hyperpnea  hypocapnia  hypopnea  hypoxemia  hypoxia Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)

        intrapleural laryngeal laryngospasm mucoid mucous nasopharyngeal orthopnea phrenalgia  phrenospasm  pulmonary  pulmonologist  pulmonology  rhinorrhea  tachypnea  thoracic Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Compare and Contrast

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Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts

           airway asphyxia aspirate bronchoconstrictor bronchodilator cough hiccup hyperventilation hypoventilation mucopurulent mucus Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d.)

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Clicker Question

Acapnia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia are terms describing the amount of ______ in the blood.

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Abbreviations

       ABGs AFB ARDS CF CO

COPD CT  CXR  Flu  LLL  LTB  LUL   O

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Abbreviations (cont’d.)

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Read Medical Terms In Use

A 24-year-old man visited the emergency department because of

dyspnea, hyperpnea, paroxysms of cough

(kawf), and the presence of thick, tenacious

mucus

. He had a history of

asthma

since the age of 12 years. A chest radiograph was negative for

pneumonia

Arterial blood gases

showed

hypoxemia

but no

hypercapnia. Pulmonary function tests

disclosed bronchoconstriction, which was corrected by a

bronchodilator.

nebulizer

was prescribed for treatment. The asthma attack was probably precipitated by an episode of

bronchitis.

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