Smart Metering & Potential Impacts to Revenue Protection

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Source: www.fresnobee.com

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A Very Smart Meter on Saving Energy: Another way you can save money on electricity is not to use all your outlets. If you use only half of them, you'll cut your bill in half. You can save the most by plugging everything into outlet strips and extension cords, all plugged into one outlet.

Preferably, that one outlet belongs to your neighbor.

Source Joe Fusion.com

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History of Meter Reading

    Manual data entry ◦ Manual reading Digital semi-automated data entry ◦ Person with optical probe and hand-held computer Automated meter reading and automated data entry ◦ Power line carrier; telephone or cable modems for AMR Automated Meter Reading ◦ Drive-by reading and RF/Satellite transfer ◦ RF, wireless and satellite for AMR ◦ LANs, WANs, Internet, Intranets Display with web based energy information systems Mtr - 4

History of Meter Reading

Utility

billing system Satellite data entry meter reader Optical probe w/ hand-held computer Modem Radio tower drive-by meter reading Mtr - 5

History of Electric Data Metering

    Kilowatt hours ◦ kWh with monthly read Kilowatt hours and kilowatt peak demand ◦ kWh, peak kW with monthly read Time of use added with multi-function electronic meters and monthly read ◦ ◦ Interval AMR metering ◦ kW, kWh, kVA, kVAR, PF, PQM, on-peak, off-peak, shoulder peaks 5 minute, 15 minute, 30 minute, 60 minute intervals Real time data for Real Time Pricing Mtr - 6

History of Other Data Metering

   Gas ◦ CCF, therms, million Btu (energy) ◦ CCF/h, therms/h, million Btu/h (power) ◦ seasonal, time of use Chilled water ◦ tons, therms/h, million Btu/h (power) ◦ ton-h, million Btu (energy) ◦ seasonal, time of use ◦ ◦ Steam ◦ lbs, million Btu lbs/h, million Btu/h seasonal, time of use (energy) (power) Mtr - 7

Water and Sewer Metering

  Potable water ◦ gallons ◦ gallons/h ◦ seasonal, time of day Sewer ◦ gallons, fraction of water use ◦ gallons/h ◦ seasonal, time of day ◦ inverted block rates Mtr - 8

Metering Technologies

 Electromechanical- Induction Meter ◦ All electromechanical kilowatt hour meters have a rotating disk in them. The disk's rotational speed is proportional to the amount of electricity consumed ◦ Accuracy is typically in the +/- 2% range ◦ Registers are fixed and calibration is done mechanically ◦ Older measuring technology with a large existing installed base ◦ Becoming phased out in many utilities but globally still the most common for single phase installations ◦ All but obsolete for new three phase installations Mtr - 9

Solid State Metering

• Solid State Meters - now account for over approximately 80-90% of the polyphase meters produced in the U.S.A. Originally introduced for special, low volume application in the early 1980’s, solid state meters are now used for everything from non demand kWh to kVA demand meters. • Electronics are important to metering: ◦ Increased Meter Accuracy ◦ Increased Meter Adaptability ◦ Potentially Lower Initial Costs ◦ Potentially Increased Reliability ◦ Potentially Lower Operating Costs Mtr - 10

Smart Meters

 Initially it was used to only describe a meter which could collect energy measurements on an interval basis Mtr - 11

Smart Meter definition now includes:

           Still includes interval measurement Real time pricing support Remote disconnect Remote connection Two way communication with equipment within a home GPS location Outage notification Voltage detection Tamper detection Change customers rates (system) Change billing plans (system) Mtr - 12

Potential Issues for RP

 RP issues will still reside with what we are starting to see more of – the actual tampering of the electronic meter  Many new RP issues will come from the systems supporting the new definitions of the smart meter. How do we get the data from the Meter?

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How to get the data from the meter

 AMR, Fixed Network AMR, Power Line Carrier, Telephone   Neighborhood area communications ◦ RF mesh network ◦ RF point to point network  Private, Cellular ◦ Power line carrier  Low speed, Narrow band (NPL), Broadband (BPL), Ex LonWorks ◦ IP Based WAN RF home network (HAN) ◦ RF home, Ex - ZigBee ◦ Power line carrier Mtr - 14

Automated Meter Reading (Graphic Courtesy Accenture) Mtr - 15

Example of Fixed Network

Source: SRPnet.Com

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Another Fixed Network (WAN)

Source: Kinects.com

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Potential Issues for RP

      Remote connection Two way communication with equipment within a home Manipulation of rate changes against tariff Manipulation of approved billing plans Interfering or manipulating the communication between the meter and collection system Security of the system due to open protocols and aggressive deployment Mtr - 18

What do the ANSI Standards Actually Say in Simple Terms

 C12.18

◦ How do I get in via the optical port?  C12.19

◦ Once inside, where will I find things and what do they mean?

 C12.21

◦ How do I get in via telephone?  C12.22 (in development) ◦ How do I adjust my methods for network communications?

Slide: Courtesy of Association of Energy Engineers, www.aeecenter.org

Modem

X

Radio tower Mtr - 19

Benefits of ANSI Protocol Meters

 Open standard  Common industry data structures  Common industry “vocabulary”  Software standardization  More options  Simplified Interfaces  Faster implementation  Lower operation costs Mtr - 20

Smart meter (electric) deployment

 As a baseline - in 2008 there were 1.698 billion electric meters installed globally.  32 (18 of these in Europe) of 184 countries covered are proceeding with some level of smart meter deployment.  Italy – Enel SpA – the largest utility in Italy has completely deployed smart meters to over 27 million customers.

 United Kingdom – Goal is to have all smart meters in homes by 2020.

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 Jamaica – Funding their entire J$6B ($65M US) investment to smart meters based upon stopping loss of electric revenue.  By 2015, 45% of all meters installed in the United States and Europe will be Smart Meters. The US has approx 147.4 million electric consumers.

 Globally: As of July 2009, 83M smart meters have installed with a projection of 212M installed by 2014. Mtr - 22

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Mitigating RP issues with smart meters

Stay Knowledgeable Stay Flexible – our industry is changing Stay Connected and Informed What we are doing today in RP will be drastically different than what we will doing in the future, please keep an open mind to change !!!!!!!!

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Even with OGE’s method for keeping customers out of the meter base…… …………Those end users that want to tamper/steal/or game with the system will still provide many opportunities for our industry…… Mtr - 24

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 If you would like a copy of this presentation – Please contact either  Gary Signorelli – President IURPA [email protected]

 Susan Reinhardt – President SURPA [email protected]

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Resources

       www.absenenergyresearch.com

www.pikeresearch.com

www.ieso.ca

www.jamaica-gleaner.com

Echelon CenterPoint Energy Edison Electric Institute Mtr - 27

Acronyms

   AMR – Automated meter reading MMR – Mobile meter reading AMI – Advanced metering infrastructure Mtr - 28

AMR System Components

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AMR Data Collection Systems

 Large high volume systems for Residential & small Commercial ◦ Walk-by RF and hand-held systems ◦ Drive-by RF systems ◦ Fixed network systems (Itron /CellNet /Hexagram /Nexus /carrier, etc.)  Public network systems for advanced metering needs (Large Commercial, Industrial, and Network applications) ◦ Telephone / Cellular / Motient / Skytel / Cingular Interactive ◦ Itron MV-90 has been the common data collector Mtr - 29

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AMR Data Server Systems

 Provide a common central Database for all meter data  Reduce system integration  Simplify data publishing Mtr - 30