Transcript BGI
Introduction to BGI Instruments Tom Merrifield BGI Instruments 58 Guinan St.,Waltham, MA 02451 T:+781 891-9380 [email protected] http://www.bgiusa.com Introduction EPA has begun evaluation of PM2.5 Continuous Monitoring Candidate Instruments for AQI and new regulatory network to compliment manual FRM FEM Class III Equivalency procedures in 1997 CFR perceived as technically nearimpossible, cost-prohibitive Draft changes to NAAQS for 2003 may allow use of continuous monitors for PM2.5 reporting to AIRS and AQI 2 U.S. EPA Ambient PM Timeline 3 EPA, State, Tribal and Local AQ Priorities – New PMc Coarse Particulate Matter Network – (PMc) PM10 - PM2.5 = PMc – Develop continuous PM methods for AQI and AIRS – Reduce labor costs – May improve data quality & usefulness – May increase public awareness – Reference (FRMs) & Equivalent (FEMs) program remains a critical component of NAAQS 4 Methods for Ambient PM Sampling – Reference method –Gravimetric Filter collection & weighing (manual) – Candidate equivalent method(s) –Beta attenuation – Harmonic Dampening(TEOM™ & Vibrating Crystal) – Light scatter & extinction (photometer & COH) 5 EPA Designation Status Fine particulate monitor, model FPM PM10 Field trials completed. application and approval for PM10 June PM2.5 EPA OAQPS with CASAC proposing regional equivalency and data quality management for PM2.5 6 Model FPM Continuous PM Monitor – Pros High sensitivity, zero stability Short-term measurements Our goals Report hourly PM2.5 automatically for >7 days without site visit Little PM2.5 bias in relationship to FRM Similar operation and filter temperature like FRM Filter humidity controlled to < 45% with 8°C 7 maximum overheat Model FPM Continuous PM Monitor – Cons Interference of ambient humidity/artifacts Exempt quantity of beta energy No EPA approval for PM2.5 until June ‘03 No mass calibration or speciation Time interval of one hour or greater Cost of automation compared to manual FRM Electronic data collection complexity Validation of sample & data 8 Introduction to the BGI Model FPM BGI Model FPM (fine particulate matter monitor) PM2.5 Inlet with BGI Very Sharp Cut Cyclone (VSCC) PM2.5 concentration measured & reported on hourly and 24 hour average Continuous operation of six weeks Filter change hourly to prevent loss of semivolatile particulate New generation of high sensitivity beta attenuation monitor (FPM BAM) 9 BGI FPM Sensitivity ±1.5g/m3 Precision r2 > 0.90 to FRM Site factor (optional) Repeatability ± 2% Active sample cycle 56 minutes each hour 4-minute diagnostic test each hour 10 BGI Very Sharp Cut Cyclone Inlet 90-Day Operation between Maintenance 11 EPA Field Comparison of Candidate PM2.5 Continuous Monitors to FRM 12 FPM Outdoor Shelter Inlet FRM design with VSCC 16.67 alpm Temperaturecontrolled shelter Backup data printer & error log Mass Foil standards Zero stability test High mass calibration 13 Model FPM Outdoor and Indoor Models 14 Calibration and Audit of FPM Manual use of factory span and zero calibration tools-recommended each calendar quarter or when filter tape changed Audit - Seasonal or annual comparison with FRM audit sampler. EPA agreement not final, but >0.85 r 15 Maintenance Requirements Six weeks change filter tape Validate flow rate, ambient temperature and barometric pressure sensors each six weeks Clean PM10 FRM Inlet and PM2.5 VSCC each 3 months Replace printer paper and printer cartridge each 3 months Rebuild vacuum pump each 18 months 16 Data Management & Collection FPM includes hard copy field printer with hourly concentration and min/max for 24 hour. Faults reported in red ink Analog output with 0-1 or 0-5 Volts DC which are scaled to concentration RS-232 Digital Download using FPM-230 software 17 FPM Applications Air Quality Index (AQI) New PM2.5 Continuous NAM/SLAMS Network Epidemiology & public health studies Hourly reports of PM2.5 concentrations Digital and analog data communication Cell phone compatible PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 inlet compatible Stand alone environmental shelter 18 NIST Traceable Volumetric Flow Rate, Temperature and Pressure Calibration/Audit Device for FRM and Continuous Ambient Monitors Introduction Federal, state and local agencies require flow calibration and audits on all ambient particulate samplers and monitors Commercial claims of “primary flow” and “NIST traceability” are confusing New NIST traceable volumetric flow rate, ambient temperature and pressure field calibration/audit device developed, tested 20 Investigation Primary standard vs. flow transfer standard Requirements for field flow calibrator Current methods available How DeltaCal meets requirements 21 NIST Primary & EPA Flow Transfer Standards –NIST primary flow calibration facility –Colorado Engineering Experiment Station (CEESI) –Titanium Vessels - gravimetric analysis standard –Pressurized and weighed for volume. air flow measured through a NIST flow transfer Venturi –Flow transfer standard – Traceable Calibrator to NIST (CEESI) Primary 22 CEESI - NIST Primary Calibration Lab 23 Priorities of a Field Flow Calibrator – NIST transfer standard, accuracy to < 2% – Calibrator must be field usable to EPA FRM specs – Insensitive to atmospheric conditions – Calibrator should not add artificial pressure to sampler to interfere with electronic flow controller – Portable & battery powered – Direct reading of flow rate, ambient temperature, & barometric pressure – RS232 calibration report-digital calibration report 24 “Flow Transfer Standard” Calibrators – Bubble meter – Gilibrator™ (wet) - (excellent for indoor use) – Frictionless piston - (Not field hardened) – Bios/DryCal/DC-Lite™ (dry)- 3% low bias – Orifice- quartz tube - (sensitive to wind) – Streamline/Chinook™ (dry) – adds system pressure, double of a Venturi – Venturi- Delrin™ plastic - (field hardened with gust cap) – BGI DeltaCal (dry) – flow, temperature & pressure 25 DeltaCal Calibration Kit DeltaCal Measurements • • • • • Barometric pressure Ambient temperature Filter temperature Volumetric flow rate Digital output for recording and audit report 26 Schematic Diagram of DeltaCal AMBIENT TEMP. PROBE AIR FLOW DIFF. PRESSURE SENSOR VENTURI MICRO PROCESSOR TO FRM SAMPLER BAROMETRIC PRESSURE SENSOR B.P. 760 mm Hg Tfil: 23.0° Tamb: 23.0° Q 16.67 LPM Batt% 90 FILTER TEMP. PROBE LCD DISPLAY SCREEN Figure 4- Schematic Diagram of deltaCal 2168 27 DeltaCal NIST Traceable Specifications – – Operable range –30 to 40C – 2 to 20 aLPM (US FRM & Continuous PM) – 10 to 50 aLPM (Europe) – +/- 1% of NIST Temp sensor range –40 to 50C – – < +/- 0.5C Difference to NIST Pressure range 400-800mmHg – < +/- 2mmHg of NIST 28 DeltaCal Computer Screen Display Historical record User configurable All readings in one display Auto resolution ASCII file export Flow statistics 29 BGI - NIST Traceable Flow Calibration Laboratory – < Insert photo of BGI Test Bench > 30 Conclusions BGI DeltaCal is flow transfer standard traceable to NIST primary Meets all requirements Only field-hardened device with low pressure drop, includes wind gust cap Cost includes 4 measurements, rather than 1 Affordable annual calibration by single vendor US E.P.A. tested – exclusive for PEP QA program 31